门槽埋件后装法在水电站弧门安装中的应用

里底水电站泄洪底孔弧形工作闸门的安装采用门槽埋件后装法,优化了泄洪底孔弧门部位的施工工期,同时根据门叶位置来调整门槽埋件,提高了闸门安装的整体质量。结合门槽埋件后装法安装弧门在里底水电站的实际应用情况,描述了弧门安装的施工工艺和质量控制的要点,总结了使用门槽埋件后装法安装潜孔式弧形闸门的施工经验,可供类似工程借鉴。     

水利枢纽工程金属结构安装施工方法

介绍卡拉贝利水利枢纽金属结构安装工程施工过程,根据现场实际情况按照规定顺序施工,阐述水利枢纽金属结构安装工程质量标准,并对检修闸门安装、门槽埋件安装和弧形闸门安装、门槽埋件安装的施工方法进行研究,对液压启闭机安装、单向门机及其轨道埋件安装进行简要分析。     

反钩闸门的设计与应用

反钩闸门作为一种独特的闸门型式在水利工程中得到越来越广泛的应用。由于反钩闸门一般布置在电站、泄洪、导流等水工建筑物的进口或出口部位，多用作检修门或事故门，也可用作拦污栅，且因反钩闸门只设置较小尺寸门槽，其水头损失和对水流形态的影响均较小，因而能有效提高水工建筑物的安全性和使用寿命，对水头较高的深孔更显优越。同时，因其埋件少，钢材用量较省。反钩闸门在工作时，要求反钩槽的几个工作面必须平直，因此制造及安装的精度要求相对较高。反钩闸门在丹江口、万安及隔河岩水库均得到应用，且效果良好。正在建设的三峡工程，在其电站进口、泄洪深孔、导流底孔进口封堵、导流底孔出口封堵、排沙底孔出口等的检修门均采用了反钩闸门。     

龙滩水电站进水口金属结构安装质量监理

龙滩水电站进水口金属结构主要安装项目为引水压力钢管、闸门槽埋件、拦污栅槽埋件、清污导槽埋件、平面滑动钢闸门、拦污栅体、坝顶门机、清污门机、液压启闭机。因厂房蜗壳前段引水压力钢管在蓄水后还不能进行安装,闸门挡水要求保证滴水不漏,安装工作任务重、工期紧、难度大、质量要求高。通过实施金属结构安装质量监理控制等措施,确保了金结安装工程的质量,完成了2006年9月底提前下闸蓄水的预定目标。     

弧形闸门安装质量控制

弧形闸门是水利水电工程中应用最广泛的门型之一，具有结构简单、不影响水流流态的门槽、启闭力小、操作方便、埋件少等特点，简述水电站弧形闸门安装的施工工序、工艺要点、质量控制目标等，对弧形闸门安装有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

南水北调中线工程七里河倒虹吸 导流设计及施工

1 工程概况 七里河渠道倒虹吸建筑物总长865 m,其中进口段长75 m,管身段长700 m,出口段长90 m.进口设检修闸,出口设节制闸,组成了以倒虹吸为主体的枢纽工程.管身为3孔一联钢筋混凝土结构,单孔过水断面尺寸(高×宽)为6.5 m×6.5 m. 进口检修闸为开敞式钢筋混凝土整体结构,闸室长15m,宽25.4 m,分3孔,单孔净宽6.4m,检修闸门为平面叠梁门.出口节制闸为开敞式钢筋混凝土整体式结构,长20 m,宽25.4 m,分3孔,单孔净宽6.4m,节制闸设工作闸门和检修闸门.工作闸门为弧形门,液压启闭.检修闸门设在工作闸门下游,为平面叠梁门.     

水工闸门门槽混凝土与埋件一次施工技术研究与应用

在淮河干流蚌埠—浮山段行洪区调整和建设工程中,为进一步保证闸门门槽的安装质量,提高施工工效,结合近年工程实践,研究了水工闸门门槽混凝土与埋件一次施工技术,即在混凝土浇筑之前,先安装门槽埋件,然后将门槽埋件焊接形成一个整体,再进行闸底板和闸墩混凝土浇筑,使得闸门槽埋件与闸底板及闸墩混凝土一次浇筑成型,避免了二期混凝土施工,有效缩短了闸门槽安装周期,保证了混凝土振捣充分及外观质量,可为类似水工闸门安装提供一种可靠的方法。     

乌东德水电站导流洞进口一槽双门设计研究

为解决大型水电站导流洞运行期检修难题,优化导流洞进口布置,以乌东德水电站导流洞工程为例,从导流洞检修通道设置、检修门及其埋件布置方式等方面进行分析研究,提出了导流洞进口检修门和封堵闸门共用门槽的"一槽双门"设计方案,详细阐述了"一槽双门"的闸门和门槽布置方案、门槽型式选择和门槽主要结构设计流程.工程实际运行结果表明:"...     

拉西瓦水电站泄洪底孔和深孔事故闸门轨道埋件一期安装施工

中国门槽埋件大多采用二期安装施工,为确保拉西瓦水电站泄洪底孔和深孔事故闸门门槽埋件的施工进度,简化施工程序,经分析研究认为,闸门轨道埋件相对门槽门楣安装精度低,采用诸如GPS测量、支撑加固等措施,事故闸门轨道埋件安装精度可满足设计要求。经实践证明,拉西瓦水电站泄洪底孔和深孔事故闸门轨道埋件一期安装施工满足要求,效果良好。     

燕山水库溢洪道弧形工作闸门支铰及地脚螺栓安装质量控制

弧形工作闸门施工的难点主要是支铰及支臂的施工质量控制,特别是支铰及其埋件安装的质量控制,若出现质量问题,可能造成闸门无法提升,不能正常运行,严重者将给水库行洪运行安全带来重大隐患。文章结合燕山水库溢洪道工程弧形工作闸门支铰等埋件安装实例,介绍了施工质量控制技术和要点,能有效保证施工质量,可供类似工程借鉴参考。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。