四电极电导传感器敏感场的理论分析

针对水为连续相条件下的油水两相流含水率测量问题,首先分析了环形四电极电导传感器敏感场正问题的数学模型。之后在此模型基础上,利用分离变量法推导了均匀媒质时传感器内部电势、轴向电流和径向电流的分布,并得到了简单非均匀媒质时场域内各点电压的数学理论解。最后,建立了油水两相环状流型下电导传感器含水率测量模型。结果表明,该模型与Begovich＆Watson经典公式吻合,为进一步深入研究电导传感器的响应特性奠定了基础。     

基于同轴相位法含水率的实验研究

随着油田的不断开发和开采,油井的数量逐步上升,产出液的含水率也不断升高,因此准确的测量各个产层的流量和含水率对于确定油井出水、出油层位,计算原油产量,预测油井的开发寿命具有重要意义。根据油田对生产测井的要求研制的同轴相位含水率计应用于油田测试工作,可以根据该仪器在某一产液量给出的不同响应值求得相应的含水率。通过在模拟井筒内对仪器进行反复的测量与校正从理论上分析了仪器对油水混合介质的反映规律。研制的仪器不但提高了测量精度,还实现了油井含水率以往难实现的连续测量。利用该仪器进行现场测试,并与模拟井资料进行对比,结果表明该仪器可很好地应用于该地区的油井测试工作。     

原油含水率测量技术现状分析

在原油的开采、计量、集输、销售等环节中.原油的含水率和产量都是影响原油生产的重要参数,因此,原油含水率的测量准确性十分重要.介绍了目前使用的几种原油含水率测量方法的原理和相关产品,并分别分析了其优势和不足,以及原油含水率测量技术的发展趋势,为油田自动化生产提供理论支持.     

固体除湿剂电渗再生可行性分析

采用电渗双电层理论与固体除湿剂吸附理论相结合的方法,分析了电渗效应再生固体除湿剂的可能性,并设计了实验方案。利用比表面及孔隙度分析仪测试得到沸石的吸附等温线类型为?型,孔容大小为0.358 cm3/g。实验得到30 V电压下的沸石电渗效应临界含水率在50%~55%之间,大于沸石的饱和含水率;电渗效应未能实现沸石再生,与理论分析吻合。     

原油含水率的检测以及原油计量的研究与实验

在油田集输工艺中以沉降罐来说,可运用液位变送器和差压变送器进行检测。在通过计算机进行处理之后,完成了沉降罐中原油含水率的检测以及精确对原油进行计量。     

电动机转速测量与控制实验装置设计

本文设计了一种由单片机AT 89C 51作为处理器的高精度多功能电机转速测量装置。该测量装置是通过单片机对由霍尔集成元件采集的脉冲信号进行计数,然后对所得数据进行内部程序计算处理后,得到电动机的转速,并送LED显示的。同时,它还具有超速报警功能,能实现高低转速值的测量。     

一种新型测压式方钻杆旋塞阀实验分析

方钻杆旋塞阀在压差作用下转动困难,影响井控安全。消除压差尤为重要。研制新型测压式方钻杆旋塞阀精确测量钻柱内压力,实现压力平衡。该旋塞阀既可以实现常规旋塞阀功能,还可以进行测压,更好的满足钻井井控要求。通过实验分析,证实新型测压式方钻杆旋塞阀可以精确测量压力,具有较好的应用前景。     

悬臂式皮带秤计量精度下降问题的分析与改进

山西省公路构件厂生料车间使用的悬臂式皮带秤,由于年久失修,无法保证生料的配比精度。本着少花钱多办事的原则,利用旧秤体,去掉十字簧片支点和传感器称重点,改悬臂式为悬挂式,改压力传感器测量为拉力传感器测量等,有效地解决了计算不准的问题。     

精馏塔塔板两相流理论及实验研究

塔板上气液两相的流动状况尤其是液相的流速分布对塔板效率有重要影响。针对塔板上的气液两相流动 ,研究者提出了许多理论及实验方法 ,以期准确模拟和测量塔板上液相的流动分布。文中介绍并评价了塔板两相流动计算的各种理论模型以及两相流动测量的各种实验方法     

对撞流干燥的实验与理论研究

The experiments of one-stage semi-circular and two-stage semi-circular impinging stream drying as well as the vertical and semi-cricular combined impinging stream drying were carried out.The velocity distribution and the mean residence time of particles,and the influence of various factors on drying characteristics were studied.A mathematical model of granular material drying in a semi-circular impinging stream dryer was proposed,in which the flow characteristics as well as the heat and mass transfer mechanisms were considered.Reasonable numerical methods were used to solve the equations.Under various conditons,the calculated results of drying rate and moisture content versus time were obtained.The results indicate that constant drying rate period does not exist in a semi-circular impinging stream dryer.Appropriate semi-cricular stage number and curvature radius,flow-rate ratio,air velocity,and higher inlet air temperature should be used for enhancing the drying process.     

Theoretical Analysis of Reaction and Diffusion Processes in a Biofuel Cell Electrode

A mathematical model for reaction diffusion processes in a biofuel cell electrode is discussed. This model is based on reaction diffusion equations containing a non‐linear term related to the rate of the enzyme reaction. Theoretical treatment of a reaction and diffusion processes in a biofuel cell electrode, for the steady and non‐steady state condition is discussed. Approximate analytical expressions for the steady and non‐steady state current density at the electrode surface are calculated by using the new approach to homotopy perturbation method and complex inversion formula. An analytical expression for the steady state current density is compared with numerical results and found to be excellent in agreement. A novel graphical procedure for estimating the Michaelis‐Menten constants and turnover rate solely from the current‐potential curve is suggested. Influence of the controllable parameters such as diffusion of the mediator, Michaelis‐Menten constant for substrate, second‐order rate constant, thickness of the film, turnover rate and initial substrate concentration on the current density are discussed.     

真空玻璃隔热原理分析及实验

利用辐射-边部传导耦合模式分析真空玻璃的隔热原理,通过传热通量和传热系数的计算,建立真空玻璃的传热方程,计算出真空玻璃结构沿厚度方向的温度分布和热流通量,对计算值和实验值进行了对比分析。结果表明,真空玻璃传热系数与真空压强正相关,真空度决定真空玻璃隔热性能;真空玻璃双面镀低辐射膜隔绝了较多的辐射热交换,其效果比单面镀膜好。     

模压发泡扩散理论模型及其实验分析

在模压发泡的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)母板上预先开设气体扩散通道可以缩短饱和时间,提高生产效率。通过分析计算、对比发现,当扩散通道的布置方式按照等边三角形分布时,不仅可得到较高的扩散效率,而且还能减少制品缺陷的产生几率。建立了饱和时间与扩散通道孔径、扩散通道中心距之间的理论模型,并通过实验验证了该模型的可靠性。同样工艺条件下,采用扩散通道可以明显提高模压发泡效率;随着孔间距的增大,同样条件下的CO_2吸附量减小,因而在不影响制品质量的前提下,应尽可能地缩短扩散孔中心距。     

Theoretical and Experimental Spectroscopic Analysis of Cyano-Substituted Styrylpyridine Compounds

A combined theoretical and experimental study on the structure, infrared, UV-Vis and ¹H NMR data of trans-2-(m-cyanostyryl)pyridine, trans-2-[3-methyl-(m-cyanostyryl)] pyridine and trans-4-(m-cyanostyryl)pyridine is presented. The synthesis was carried out with an efficient Knoevenagel condensation using green chemistry conditions. Theoretical geometry optimizations and their IR spectra were carried out using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) in both gas and solution phases. For theoretical UV-Vis and ¹H NMR spectra, the Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) and the Gauge-Including Atomic Orbital (GIAO) methods were used, respectively. The theoretical characterization matched the experimental measurements, showing a good correlation. The effect of cyano- and methyl-substituents, as well as of the N-atom position in the pyridine ring on the UV-Vis, IR and NMR spectra, was evaluated. The UV-Vis results showed no significant effect due to electron-withdrawing cyano- and electron-donating methyl-substituents. The N-atom position, however, caused a slight change in the maximum absorption wavelengths. The IR normal modes were assigned for the cyano- and methyl-groups. ¹H NMR spectra showed the typical doublet signals due to protons in the trans position of a double bond. The theoretical characterization was visibly useful to assign accurately the signals in IR and ¹H NMR spectra, as well as to identify the most probable conformation that could be present in the formation of the styrylpyridine-like compounds.     

基础化学实验开放研究式教学可行性分析

探讨了通过以开放的形式开展具有一定创新水平的实验实施基础化学实验教学的可行性。立项支持相关教师开发实验课题以解决实验内容问题,整合当前基础化学实验室组建研究室型实验室以解决实验条件方面问题,将目前的一定数量的相关教师和大部分实验技术人员转为专职实验教师以满足实验指导师资要求,将少量实验技术人员转为专职实验管理员以加强实验室宏观管理,在教学组织安排方面是可行的,教学效果方面具有切实保障,总体而言：基于目前基础化学实验的师资力量与资金投入规模可以满足开放研究式实验教学的要求。     

屏蔽泵定子屏蔽套损坏原因分析及预防措施

通过对屏蔽泵故障检查及原因分析,提出相应的改进和预防措施,以杜绝类似问题发生。     

废弃导热油再生回用可行性实验研究

以广州市7家企业报废的导热油为研究对象,采用旋蒸－吸附－过滤法,分别对废弃导热油进行再生处理,并根据现行标准对再生油的各项指标进行了检测,探讨再生油的回用的可行性。实验结果表明,旋蒸－吸附－过滤再生方法具有操作简便,耗能低、处理成本低的优点,废弃的导热油中还有大约50％的油品是好的,可通过再生回用,其中3家企业废弃再生油可采用本实验再生法进行再生回用。     

真空平板玻璃支撑应力理论分析与实验研究

用弹性力学的结点法建立真空玻璃支撑应力-应变数学模型,求出真空玻璃的支撑应力-应变场,分析了其应力-应变分布规律,同时用电测方法进行试验验证。试验结果表明,真空玻璃最大应力发生在四角的第2个支撑处,最大应力弹性力学计算值11.057MPa,电测法的测试值11.765MPa,两者误差为6.02%。支柱横截面上的正应力为179MPa,纵向变形分别为0.2686μm(钢柱)和0.7414μm(玻璃柱)。控制支撑高度误差和玻璃的平整度,保证受力的均匀,可增加真空玻璃的强度,增加其可靠性,提高其使用寿命。     

非傅立叶热现象的理论分析和实验证实

This paper consists of two parts. (1) For a hollow sphere with sudden temperature changes on its inner and outer surfaces, the hyperbolic heat conduction equation is employed to describe this extreme thermal case and an analytical expression of its temperature distribution is obtained. According to the expression, the non-Fourier heat conduction behavior that will appear in the hollow sphere is studied and some qualitative conditions that will result in distinct non-Fourier behavior in the medium is ultimately attained. (2) A novel experiment to observe non-Fourier heat conduction behavior in porous material (mainly ordinary duplicating paper) heated by a microsecond laser pulse is presented. The conditions for observing distinct non-Fourier heat conduction behavior in the experimental sample agree well with the theoretical results qualitatively.