移动IPv6环境中集成RSVP信令机制

本文针对在移动无线IP网络中运行RSVP信令协议存在的问题，提出了一种把RSVP信令集成于Ipv6数据包头扩展字段的方案，以减少切换过程中资源预留路径建立的时间，为移动节点提供了服务质量保障。并将此方案和原始RSVP方案在资源预留时间和信令负荷方面进行了性能比较。     

一种改进的支持无线IP网络的资源预留协议

移动IP技术能够支持基于IP的无线网络,资源预留协议(RSVP)用来保证多媒体传输的服务质量。然而把现有的RSVP应用于移动IP网络就会存在许多问题。提出了一种改进的RSVP支持方案(ERSVP)来实现无线IP网络的服务质量保证。ERSVP在分层网络中结合了MRSVP和RSVP隧道技术。根据性能分析,ERSVP方案能够获得比MRSVP较少的信令延迟、信令负载和资源耗费。     

基于3GPP2框架的无线移动网络的RSVP扩展研究

本文讨论了面向固定网络设计的RSVP协议应用于无线移动网络需要解决的问题,并针对3GPP2框架下的无线移动网络提出了一种RSVP扩展方案.该方案采用隧道预留技术建立端-端主动预留,为数据连接提供服务质量保证;采用移动预测和被动预留技术在移动节点可能进入的蜂窝内提前预留无线资源,提高切换成功的概率;通过采用主动切换技术减小预留路径调整的时间,进一步提高通信的连续性.     

全IP移动通信网接入网的QoS保证机制研究

移动性管理和服务质量(Q0S)保证一直是移动通信网络中两个关键性问题.文章介绍了全IP移动通信网接入网部分的几种QoS实现机制,通过扩展QoS保证机制与微移动管理协议之间的耦合,提出了一种资源预留协议(RSVP)和Hawaii协议松耦合的方案,并以集成了RSVP和Hawaii的仿真平台对该方案进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,松耦合方案可以显著地提高切换过程中的QoS.     

移动IP上的QoS保证

本文首先介绍了QoS的概念模型，然后着重分析了QoS中RSCP(资源预留协议)在移动IP上存在的问题并提出了RSVP与移动IP结合的几种方案，在此基础上介绍了一种在移动IP上提供端到端的QoS机制。     

基于移动Agent技术的QoS保障机制

介绍了移动Agent的基本特性。移动Agent可在异构的网络各个节点间自由地移动,它能感知网络的状态,监控系统并与其他Agent进行交互。IETF的IS模型采用了RSVP(ResourcereSerVationProtocol)协议对系统资源进行预留,从而达到一定程度上保障所需QoS的目的。QoS保障机制将移动agent技术与RSVP协议结合起来,通过资源预留和agent动态移动的实现可以达到更好地改善QoS的目的。     

多模移动终端的移动IP功能设计与实现

当前主流移动IP系统的移动台(MN)端均通过优先级策略选定当前代理,即以代理管理为中心实现移动IP协议。这些方案既难以提高多模移动终端所需要的跨媒体垂直切换能力,也不利于移动IP协议本身在Windows平台下的实现。给出了Windows平台下一种以链路管理为中心的移动IP客户端的设计与实现方案。     

基于蜂窝IP协议和移动IP协议相结合的接入策略

分析了现有解决移动主机的几种方案,并根据不同方案的优点和缺陷以及移动主机的移动情况,提出了一种蜂窝IP协议和移动IP协议相结合的策略。该策略既可以解决移动主机的宏移动,又可以利用现有的蜂窝移动通信系统进行有效的管理移动主机的快速微移动。     

基于移动IPv6的RSVP性能分析

按互联网对时间的要求可分为:①非实时业务,指对数据包到达目的节点的时间或相邻数据包之间的到达间隔没有限制的业务。②实时业务,指那些对各个相邻数据包之间的时间间隔有严格限制的业务。由于IP是面向非连接的、无法保证可预测的时延,只能为高层协议提供非常初级的服务质量(Quality of Service)。虽然,用缓存技术可以处理一定的时延变化,但在某些业务中也无济于事,尤其是双向交互的业务。IETF提出使用RSVP(资源预留协议)为业务预约资源,以保障能在Internet上得到高的QoS。 一、资源预留协议RSVP RSVP协议是一个为应用程序预留资源的协议,它能为组播或单播的数据流提供由接收方发起的资源预留,希望通过业务与网络的协商,为实时业务预留资源,以提高实时业务的服务质量。     

基于mSCTP的移动流媒体传输方案研究

多网络覆盖的无线网络环境下由于存在路径选择和切换等机制,对于移动流媒体的传输方案有更高的要求,mSCTP协议是在流媒体控制传输协议SCTP的基础上增加了动态地址配置特性,可在用户移动的同时进行IP地址的动态增加和删减,从而选择最佳的传输路径,现结合mSCTP的动态地址配置特性和SCTP本身具有的多宿特性,提出一种在用户慢移动状态下,针对点播模式的移动流媒体业务的优化传输方案,制定传输路径选择策略,在主路径满足业务要求前提下不进行不必要的路径性能测试与切换,并通过NS2仿真验证.     

Quality-of-service mechanisms in all-IP wireless access networks

In this paper, we focus on resource reservation protocol (RSVP)-based quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning schemes under Internet protocol (IP) micromobility. We consider QoS provisioning mechanisms for on-going RSVP flows during handoff. First, the rerouting of RSVP branch path at a crossover router (CR) at every handoff event can minimize resource reservation delays and signaling overheads, and in turn the handoff service degradation can be minimized. We show that RSVP branch path rerouting scheme could give a good tradeoff between the resource reservation cost and the link usage. Second, the new RSVP reservation can be made along the branch path toward the CR via a new base station in advance, while the existing reservation path is maintained, and in turn the on-going flow can be kept with the guaranteed QoS. We also show that seamless switching of RSVP branch path could provide the QoS guarantee by adaptively adjusting the pilot signal threshold values. Third, during RSVP resource reservation over wireless link, dynamic resource allocation scheme is used to give a statistical guarantee on the handoff success of on-going flows. We finally obtain the forced termination probability of guaranteed service flows, the average system time of best effort flows by using a transition rate matrix approach.     

An efficient primary-segmented backup scheme for dependable real-time communication in multihop networks

Several distributed real-time applications (e.g., medical imaging, air traffic control, video conferencing) demand hard guarantees on the message delivery latency and the recovery delay from component failures. As these demands cannot be met in traditional datagram services, special schemes have been proposed to provide timely recovery for real-time communications in multihop networks. These schemes reserve additional network resources (spare resources) a priori along a backup channel that is disjoint with the primary. Upon a failure in the primary channel, its backup is activated, making the real-time connection dependable. We propose a new backup method, called segmented backups, in which backup paths are provided for partial segments of the primary path rather than for its entire length, as is done in the existing schemes. We show that our method offers: 1) improved network resource utilization; 2) higher average call acceptance rate; 3) better quality-of-service guarantees on propagation delays and failure-recovery times; 4) increased flexibility to control the level of fault tolerance of each connection separately. We provide an algorithm for routing the segmented backups and prove its optimality with respect to spare resource reservation. We detail necessary extensions to resource reservation protocol (RSVP) to support our scheme and argue that they increase the implementation complexity of RSVP minimally. Our simulation studies on various network topologies demonstrate that spare resource aggregation methods, such as backup multiplexing, are more effective when applied to our scheme than to earlier schemes.     

一种改进的HMRSVP方案

介绍了RSVP与MRSVP,以及在Mobile IP中采用MRSVP实现QoS保障的机制。分析和比较了3种HMRSVP方案,特别是指针转发的HMRSVP方案,并提出一种改进的方案。在此方案中,若移动主机在同一个分层区域内移动,则利用它在移动时所具有的本地性,采用指针转发的HMRSVP方案;若移动主机进入新的分层区域,则要求它建立新的RSVP通路,开始新的指针转发过程。同时对本地化特性进行了讨论。对改进的方案在两种情况下分别进行了建模、分析、结果表明,改进的方案性能更加优越。     

Reliable RSVP path reservation for multimedia communications under an IP micromobility scenario

We focus on how quality of service (QoS) guarantees can be provided for RSVP flows during handoff events in an IP micromobility network. For this purpose, RSVP message delays and signaling overheads should be minimized, and handoff service disruption should also be minimized. By rerouting the RSVP branch path at a crossover router at every handoff event, and establishing the new RSVP path between the CR and new BS in advance while the existing reservation path is maintained, ongoing RSVP flows can be kept with the guaranteed QoS. We propose the seamless switching of an RSVP branch path for soft handoff, and also show that this scheme could provide QoS guarantee with simulation and examples.     

Architecture and experimental results for quality of service in mobile networks using RSVP and CBQ

Efforts are underway to enhance the Internet with Quality of Service (QoS) capabilities for transporting real‐time data. The issue of wireless networks and mobile hosts being able to support applications that require QoS has become very significant. The ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) provides a signaling mechanism for end‐to‐end QoS negotiation. RSVP has been designed to work with wired networks. To make RSVP suitable for wireless networks, changes need to be made by: (i) changing the way control messages are sent, and (ii) introducing wireless/mobile specific QoS parameters that take into account the major features of wireless networks, namely, high losses, low bandwidth, power constraints and mobility. In this paper, an architecture with a modified RSVP protocol that helps to provide QoS support for mobile hosts is presented. The modified RSVP protocol has been implemented in an experimental wireless and mobile testbed to study the feasibility and performance of our approach. Class Based Queueing (CBQ) which is used as the underlying bandwidth enforcing mechanism is also modified to fit our approach. The experimental results show that the modified RSVP and CBQ help in satisfying resource requests for mobile hosts, after handoff occurs. The experiments also show how different power and loss profile mechanisms can be used with our framework. The system performance using the modified RSVP control mechanism is also studied. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于RSVP的QoS参数控制报文设计与实现

本文提出一种高速网络服务质量(QoS)参数的设计与实现方法.该方法在Internet标准RFC2205的基础上,根据不同的多媒体应用类型和服务质量需求,首先对服务质量进行量化和分类,然后设计和定义基于RSVP(Reservation Protocol)的、可供路由器和端系统识别的各类服务质量控制报文,并设计和实现一种利用这些报文进行QoS控制的方法.这些QoS参数控制报文的提出使得RSVP协议在广域网上的实现成为可能,从而提高Internet传送多媒体应用的能力.     

A Reservation Optimised Advance Resource Reservation Scheme for Deploying RSVP in Mobile Environments

One of the major problems of deploying Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) in mobile environments is called the advance resource reservation (ARR) problem. Conventional solutions to this problem waste too many network resources and increase the new Quality of Service (QoS) session blocking probability. In this paper, we propose a reservation optimised ARR scheme which constrains the number of advance reservation paths in a subnet and only allows the most eligible mobile nodes to make advance reservations. Furthermore, to evaluate the performance of the schemes, we build Markovian models of different ARR schemes using a formal performance modelling formalism named Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA). Our results indicate that the proposed reservation optimised ARR scheme can effectively balance the active and passive reservation blocking probabilities and achieves a better utilisation of the network resources, especially when the traffic intensity is high.     

Mobility protocols and RSVP performance in wireless IPv6 networks: shortcomings and solutions

Resource reservation protocol (RSVP) is a network‐control protocol used to guarantee Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) requirements for real‐time applications such as Voice‐over‐IP (VoIP) or Video‐over‐IP (VIP). However, RSVP was designed for end‐systems whose IP addresses do not change. Once mobility of an end‐system is allowed, the dynamically changing mobile IP address inevitably impacts on RSVP performance. Our study aims to first quantify the significance of this impact, and then propose a modified RSVP mechanism that provides improved performance during handoffs. Our simulations reveal that the deployment of standard RSVP over Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) does not yield a satisfactory result, particularly in the case of VIP traffic. Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) was found to be providing the best performance in all tested scenarios, followed by Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) with a single exception: during low handoff rates with VoIP traffic, MIPv6 outperformed HMIPv6. We then designed a new RSVP mechanism, and tested it against standard RSVP. We found that the proposed approach provides a significant improvement of 54.1% in the Total Interruption in QoS (TI_QoS) when deployed over a MIPv6 wireless network. For HMIPv6, performance depended primarily on the number of hierarchical levels in the network, with no improvement in TI_QoS for single‐level hierarchy and up to 37% for a 5‐level hierarchy. FMIPv6 on the other hand, provided no room for improvement due to pre‐handoff signaling and the tunneling mechanism used to ensure a mobile node (MN)'s connectivity during a handoff, regardless of the RSVP mechanism used. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Common spatio-temporal pattern for single-trial detection of event-related potential in rapid serial visual presentation triage

Searching for target images in large volume imagery is a challenging problem and the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) triage is potentially a promising solution to the problem. RSVP triage is essentially a cortically-coupled computer vision technique that relies on single-trial detection of event-related potentials (ERP). In RSVP triage, images are shown to a subject in a rapid serial sequence. When a target image is seen by the subject, unique ERP characterized by P300 are elicited. Thus, in RSVP triage, accurate detection of such distinct ERP allows for fast searching of target images in large volume imagery. The accuracy of the distinct ERP detection in RSVP triage depends on the feature extraction method, for which the common spatial pattern analysis (CSP) was used with limited success. This paper presents a novel feature extraction method, termed common spatio-temporal pattern (CSTP), which is critical for robust single-trial detection of ERP. Unlike the conventional CSP, whereby only spatial patterns of ERP are considered, the present proposed method exploits spatial and temporal patterns of ERP separately, providing complementary spatial and temporal features for high accurate single-trial ERP detection. Numerical study using data collected from 20 subjects in RSVP triage experiments demonstrates that the proposed method offers significant performance improvement over the conventional CSP method (corrected p-value < 0.05, Pearson r = 0.64) and other competing methods in the literature. This paper further shows that the main idea of CSTP can be easily applied to other methods.     

Fast RSVP: Efficient RSVP Mobility Support for Mobile IPv6

In recent years, with the development of mobile communication technologies and the increase of available wireless transmission bandwidth, deploying multimedia services in next generation mobile IPv6 networks has become an inevitable trend. RSVP (resource reservation protocol) proposed by the IETF is designed for hardwired and fixed networks and can not be used in mobile environments. This paper proposes a protocol, called Fast RSVP, to reserve resources for mobile IPv6. The protocol adopts a cross-layer design approach where two modules (RSVP module and Mobile IPv6 module) at different layers cooperate with each other. Fast RSVP divides a handover process with QoS guarantees into two stages: (1) setup of the resource reservation neighbor tunnel and (2) resource reservation on the optimized route. It can help a mobile node realize fast handover with QoS guarantees as well as avoid resource wasting by triangular routes, advanced reservations and duplicate reservations. In addition, fast RSVP reserves “guard channels” for handover sessions, thus greatly reducing the handover session forced termination rate while maintaining high performance of the network. Based on extensive performance analysis and simulations, Fast RSVP, compared with existing methods of resource reservation in mobile environments, performs better in terms of packet delay and throughput during handover, QoS recovery time after handover, resource reservation cost, handover session forced termination rate and overall session completion rate.