镁合金转向器铸件真空压铸过程的模拟研究

针对汽车镁合金转向器铸件,采用数值模拟的方法研究了其真空压铸成形过程,分析了在高真空度条件下金属液充型的特点,并在此基础上对比研究了在高真空度、低真空度以及常压条件下充型及凝固的规律。结果表明,提高型腔真空度能有效地提高金属液充型能力,避免铸件内气孔的产生,但对缩孔、缩松缺陷的形成没有影响。     

真空压铸工艺与锌合金高真空压铸技术研究

近年来,真空压铸技术在国内外得到了广泛的应用,目前国外高真空压铸的方法主要有3种,分别是来自德国的Vacural法和MFT（MinimumFillTime）,以及来自日本的vaccumGolveBox法,国内学者也研制出了各种真空压铸方法。在真空压铸技术领域中,重点要解决是模具密封与真空截止阀的问题,本文总结了目前实际应用中的各种真空压铸方法与工艺,探讨了真空压铸技术在实际运用过程中面临的主要问题,并在此基础上开发设计了具有自主知识产权的锌合金高真空压铸造工艺法。     

箱体低压铸造过程的数值模拟

以计算流体力学和计算传热传质学作为理论基础,利用大型模拟软件ANSYS对箱体的低压铸造过程进行了数值模拟,分析了铝合金在低压铸造充型过程中的流场以及凝固过程中的温度、固相分数的分布情况,预测铸件可能出现的缺陷,为优化铸造工艺和模具设计提供参考。     

改善银首饰铸造质量的措施

斯特林银首饰铸造时经常会出现气孔、缩孔、砂眼、氧化物夹杂等,其原因主要来自2个方面,一是在铸造过程中各工序的操作不当,尤其是水线的设置、开粉操作、焙烧制度等关键工序,必须加强操作过程的控制;二是与银本身的性质有关,银在凝固时氧的溶解度骤减,气体容易析出导致气孔;斯特林银主要以铜作为合金化元素,容易氧化形成夹杂。在熔炼或铸造过程中要尽量避免金属液接触大气,采用真空、或使用惰性气体、还原性火焰、硼酸等进行保护,可以减少铸造缺陷的发生。     

轿车底盘铝合金后副车架的压铸技术开发

针对广汽自主品牌"传祺"轿车的底盘铝合金后副车架压铸零件,从压铸合金的力学性能、压铸工艺设计及优化、模具设计及制造、铸件质量控制等方面进行了开发和研究。结果表明,采用耐热密封结构的高真空压铸模具具有良好的密封性能,可靠性高。多区域的温度测量及冷却水流量的实时调节提高了模具温度控制的精度。通过对工艺参数的优化,有效消除了铸件缺陷如裂纹、冷隔、缩孔、缩松等。开发的铝合金后副车架的铸件本体抗拉强度≥240MPa,屈服强度≥145MPa,伸长率≥6%,满足了"传祺"轿车的的使用要求。     

Development of vacuum die-casting process

The vacuum die-casting process, started 25 years ago in Japan, has been widely applied. This technology contributes very much to improvement of castings quality. The main factor causing the defects of die castings is the trapped air in the mold cavity, while the key technology of vacuum die-casting process is to avoid the trapped air effectively by evacuating the cavity before casting. At the same time, due to the shot speed and the casting pressure reduced in half, the service life of the die is prolonged and the productivity is enhanced, as well. Vacuum die-casting process is of great significance in improving the die castings quality and making up the shortcomings of super-high-speed shot casting.     

Feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy

The feasibility of semi-solid die casting of ADC12 aluminum alloy was studied. The effects of plunger speed, gate thickness, and solid fraction of the slurry on the defects were determined. The defects investigated are gas and shrinkage porosity. In the experiments, semi-solid slurry was prepared by the gas-induced semi-solid (GISS) technique. Then, the slurry was transferred to the shot sleeve and injected into the die. The die and shot sleeve temperatures were kept at 180 °C and 250 °C, respectively. The results show that the samples produced by the GISS die casting give little porosity, no blister and uniform microstructure. From all the results, it can be concluded that the GISS process is feasible to apply in the ADC12 aluminum die casting process. In addition, the GISS process can give improved properties such as decreased porosity and increased microstructure uniformity.     

压铸件缺陷特征及其防止措施

分析了压铸件气孔、缩松、夹杂、冷隔、尺寸超差及表面质量问题等缺陷特征,从模具设计、熔炼工艺及涂料使用等方面对缺陷产生的原因进行了探讨。结果发现,在合理的零件结构基础上,通过改进浇注系统,调整模具温度及金属液温度,并采用正确的喷涂方法,可有效防止压铸件缺陷的产生。     

Gas content in high pressure die castings

This paper presents the results of a quantitative study of the gas level in various types of castings from the high pressure die casting (HPDC) process using a vacuum fusion method. It was found that the major part of the gas was from the air entrapment during cavity filling. Other sources such as air entrapment during ladling, residual die lubricant and quenching water were also noticeable. Measurements of a large casting and castings from a multi-cavity die showed that the gas content was unevenly distributed. The modified vacuum fusion method has been proved to be a valuable tool for evaluating and quantifying the level of gas in castings as well as for an assessment of the influence of different process parameters on gas evolution in castings.     

基于数值模拟技术镁合金压铸模浇注系统优化设计

设计3种类型的浇注系统,运用铸造专用模拟软件JSCAST对3种浇注系统进行压铸数值模拟试验,分析液态金属充型及凝固过程中的速度场和温度场的分布,根据凝固规律有效预测铸件中可能存在缩孔及气孔缺陷的分布,从而选取T型浇注系统作为缸盖罩的最佳浇注系统并对其进行优化。试验结果验证了优化设计的可行性以及压铸过程数值模拟的可靠性,对压铸生产具有一定的指导意义。     

基于快速原型的转移涂料法制作模具技术

将快速原型制造与转移涂料精密铸造结合,对复杂曲面金属模具的快速制作方法进行了探索。该方法用三维造型软件设计模具,用分层制作技术快速得到模具原型,再基于原型直接采用转移涂料工艺,制作出近净型金属模具毛坯。该工艺流程短,成本较低,特别适合砂型铸造或消失模铸造用的小型金属模具的快速制作。     

ZM6镁合金大型薄壁铸件数值模拟

用MAGMASOFT专业铸造软件对ZM6镁合金砂型薄壁件铸造过程进行了数值模拟,研究了铸件在充型和凝固过程中的温度场分布,预测了铸造过程中出现的各种缺陷.结果显示在铸件内浇道部位易出现气孔和氧化夹杂,而在铸件中部与补缩冒口连接处易出现缩孔、疏松缺陷.通过对铸件进行金相、SEM、EDAX分析,得出实际浇注铸件产生的缺陷与模拟结果相符合.     

A study on a thixoforming process using the thixotropic behavior of an aluminum alloy with an equiaxed microstructure

Alloys with an equiaxed microstructure exhibit significantly lower flow resistance in the semisolid state than alloys with a dendritic microstructure. Their thixotropic behavior (solidlike in the unperturbed state and liquidlike during shearing) has been the basis for a thixoforming process. It is accepted today that thixoforming is a new net-shaped manufacturing technology in which the billet is heated to the semisolid state with coexisting solid-liquid phases. The thixoforming process has some industrial advantages, such as the successful fabrication of high-quality components with fewer inner defects, suitable for less machining, high productivity comparable to high-pressure die casting, and being an energy-saving system without the conventional melting process. It consists of inductive coil design, a billet reheating process, billet handling, filling into the die cavity, and solidification of the thixoformed part. This work presents an overview of all the detailed stages in the thixoforming process to manufacture the net-shaped product with good mechanical properties. An air compressor part with high strength has been fabricated by the thixoforming process.     

高强耐磨过共晶铝合金离合器齿轮的压铸技术

针对压铸成形的ADC14汽车离合器齿轮厚壁部件,研究了适于压铸的过共晶Al-Si合金的P-Cu变质处理工艺。设计并模拟了齿轮的压铸工艺方案,开发了真空压铸及局部加压技术。结果表明,当P的加入量为0.1%时,ADC14的变质效果好,变质时间可达6h。铸件中初生Si尺寸为20～40μm,分布均匀;铸件表面的Si贫乏区深度在0.18～0.20mm范围内。在相同压射参数下,采用机械式真空阀比搓衣板式排气阀的真空效果好,铸件的气孔缺陷废品率下降10%以上。优化后的局部加压技术消除了厚壁部位的缩松缺陷,提高了铸件内部质量。批量生产合格率达95%以上。     

Continuous squeeze casting process by mass production

S queeze casting has been widely used for automotive struc tural parts because it offers a vast material selection from aluminum and magnesium alloys. In comparison with low pressure die casting, squeeze casting also overcomes many fluidity problems and thus it can use both hypereutectic and hypoeutectic alloys such as 319, 383 and 390. Squeeze casting can also apply “spot solidification” technology in addition to directional solidification method. The shortcoming of directional solidificati…     

Preparation of big size open-cell aluminum foam board using infiltration casting

This paper presents an infiltration casting technique for manufacturing big size open-cell aluminum foam boards. The principle and key technologies of infiltration casting are also analyzed. Based on the previous practice of the small size aluminum foam production, the die for preparing big size aluminum foam boards is designed and manufactured. The experiments on aluminum boards of 300 mm × 300 mm × （20-75） mm, with the pore size ranging from 1.0 to 3.2 mm and average porosity of 60%, have been performed. The experimental results show that a reliable infiltration process depends critically on the pouring temperature of the molten AI-alloy, the preheated temperature of the mould and salt particles and vacuum. Current research explores the possibility of large-scale manufacturing and application of the aluminum foams.     

Advanced casting technologies for lightweight automotive applications

This paper provides an overview of alloy and process developments in aluminum and magnesium castings for lightweight automotive applications.Wear-resistant aluminum alloys,creep-resistant and high strength/ductility magnesium alloys have been developed for automotive applications.On the process front,vacuum-assisted die casting and high vacuum die casting technologies have been developed for high-integrity body and chassis applications.Thin-wall and hollow casting components are being produced by low-pressure die casting processes for structural applications.Overcasting technology is gaining traction and has enabled mixed material designs for automotive sub-systems such as engine cradles and instrument panel beams.Simulation tools developed to predict the interfacial interactions of the dissimilar components and the structural integrity of the overcast systems are being validated in the casting trials.     

真空压铸的发展

真空系统是压铸过程中排除气体的最有效的方法之一。然而，真空压铸的发展几经起伏，现在则发展到一个新的阶段。从模具中抽出气体是几种抽气方法中较为简便的一种。真空气道的设计与常规气道则有所不同     

压气机壳铸件孔洞类缺陷原因分析及预防控制措施

针对压气机壳铝合金重力浇注铸件,依据孔洞缺陷的具体形态,对铸件表面或内部常出现的孔洞类缺陷进行了观察、分析、归类,并对其形成机理进行了分析。结合缺陷的产生机理和生产过程实际情况,从工艺和生产管理角度提出了孔洞缺陷的预防控制措施。结果表明,减少孔洞类缺陷的产生,从而保证铸件质量,节约生产成本。     

金属压铸件的孔洞类缺陷评价方法研究

孔洞类缺陷是压铸生产中常见的缺陷,文中论述了用定量金相方法测量金属压铸件的孔隙率,并用孔隙率测量结果来评价铸件的质量,而准确测量孔隙率的基础是制备良好的样品,同时研究了涂料和金属液流动情况对气孔的影响.