DC-BANK系统中蓄电池组的均衡管理

针对变频器使用过程中遇到的电网"晃电"现象,为了提高变频器抗"晃电"能力,提高DC-BANK系统的供电可靠性,确保蓄电池组充电安全和蓄电池使用寿命,设计了基于单片机控制的蓄电池组均衡管理方案。该方案中单片机采样蓄电池的电流、电压和温度信号,经过处理,判断蓄电池不一致性,采取分流均衡的方法,实现均衡管理。构建了蓄电池组的均衡管理系统框架,设计了分流均衡硬件电路,并给出了基于单片机汇编语言的流程图。     

一种蓄电池升降压变换方案在DC-BANK系统中的应用

分析了现有DC-BANK抗"晃电"直流支撑系统中蓄电池组的变压方案。针对某型具体DC-BANK系统中系统参数的设定,提出传统系统中蓄电池利用率低的问题。针对蓄电池本身的放电特性及DC-BANK系统对蓄电池组的使用实际,提出采用一种对蓄电池组输出电压进行升降压变换的方案来解决现有系统中不能充分发挥蓄电池性能的不足。仿真证明电路性能达到预定指标,实现了对蓄电池组输出电压的升降压变换和延长系统的设计支撑时间的目的,解决了传统DC-BANK抗"晃电"直流支撑系统中蓄电池组性能不能充分发挥的不足。     

单片机控制太阳能充电控制器

针对目前太阳能充电控制器对蓄电池的保护不够充分,蓄电池的寿命缩短这种情况,研究确定了一种基于单片机Atmega16的太阳能充电控制器的方案。本设计使用低功耗、高性能的Atmega16单片机作为核心器件对整个电路进行控制。系统硬件电路由太阳能电池充电电路、电压采集和显示电路、单片机控制电路和RS-485串口通信电路组成,主要实现对蓄电池电压的采集和显示。软件部分依据PWM（pulse width modulation）脉宽调制控制策略,编制程序使单片机输出PWM控制信号,控制信号将实现对功率开关器件MOS管开通与关断的控制,从而实现太阳能极板对蓄电池的充电控制[1]。根据控制器的要求,编制软件程序,软件实现蓄电池高效率充电,使蓄电池不过充、过放,保护蓄电池,延长蓄电池使用寿命。     

高效智能化太阳能充电系统的研究

针对野外远离市电供电的系统或者用户的电源供应问题,文中设计了一个智能化太阳能充电用电管理系统,采用MPPT最大功率跟踪方法,控制PWM信号调节BUCK电路的输出,使太阳能电池与蓄电池尽量处在一种相互匹配的状态下,并采用阶段充电方式,采用STC12C5A60S2单片机,集成AD转换功能与PWM信号输出,简化了系统的设计,通过实验,该系统能够有效地提高充电效率以及对蓄电池的保护功能。     

基于NEC单片机的电动车充电器控制系统设计

为了满足电动汽车蓄电池快速无损伤充电的要求,设计了基于NEC单片机+SG3525的充电控制系统。该控制系统采用慢脉冲快速充电方法,对动力蓄电池按给定的曲线进行高效的快速脉冲充电。对单片机控制系统外围电路和软件进行了设计。进行了蓄电池充电实验,结果表明,系统可以较好的实现对动力蓄电池的快速无损伤充电。     

基于STC单片机的太阳能控制器设计

设计了一款基于STC12C4052AD单片机控制的太阳能供电系统控制器。系统在单片机控制下,将太阳能电池组转换得到的直流电,通过PWM控制3段式充电(恒流充电、恒压充电、浮充电)储存在12V铅酸蓄电池中,再给负载(路灯)供电。控制器充分利用STC12C4052AD单片机的硬件和软件资源,最大程度地简化硬件电路,能合理控制蓄电池的充放电过程,并对其进行保护,具有较高的性价比和可靠性。     

基于单片机的太阳能充放电控制器的设计

该设计的太阳能充放电控制器是以单片机STC12C5412AD为控制核心来对铅蓄电池的过度充电和过度放电予以保护,原理是利用了单片机自带的模块PWM脉宽调制对蓄电池充电电流予以控制,从而实现了蓄电池过充的保护,在蓄电池对负载进行放电的过程中,当蓄电池电压低于所限制的最低负载电压值时,程序将使负载部分停止供电,从而实现了对蓄电池过放的保护。对蓄电池过度充电和过度放电都会使其有效使用时间大大降低。     

电动汽车电池智能充电系统设计与实现

在传统充恒压、恒流和阶段充电方法的基础上,理论上借鉴了带放电的电流PWM波控制快速充电方法,设计了采用MSP430F2274单片机作为控制器实现的智能充电系统,并阐述了其软件和硬件设计。通过实验数据分析,智能充电系统缩短了汽车铅酸电池充电时间,提高了电池能量接受率率。还新增设了蓄电池的快速充电器的上位机数据管理系统,监控人员可实时监控电池充电状态,查询历史数据,为进一步研究开发快速充电技术提供了有力支持。该方案对提高充电系统的快速性,降低成本和能耗,有一定的参考价值。     

基于AVR的太阳能控制器设计

为了控制太阳能发电系统中蓄电池的最优充放电,利用低功耗高性能的RISC单片机AVR作为控制电路的核心,设计一种可靠性高,性能好的太阳能智能控制器,并对控制器的控制原理进行详细分析.测试结果表明,该控制器能正确监控和测量蓄电池的状态,充放电效果好,性能可靠,能减少充电损耗,延长蓄电池的使用寿命.     

并联冗余DC-DC模块蓄电池充电均流方法

并联冗余是应用于风光互补独立供电系统的DC-DC变换器满足高可靠性要求的关键,而均流技术是并联冗余的关键,现有的均流方法无法同时满足并联冗余和蓄电池充电要求。本文在分析并联DC-DC模块蓄电池充电特性的基础上提出了一种实现并联DC-DC变换器瞬时均流的新控制方法。该方法基于平均电流法原理,通过单片机A/D口检测蓄电池充电电压和各并联DC-DC模块充电电流,判断蓄电池状态,自适应调整各模块PWM信号占空比实现均流和充电控制。文中根据理论模型进行了仿真,并构建实际系统进行了实验,仿真和实验结果表明,此方法能够同时满足DC-DC变换器并联冗余和蓄电池三段式充电的要求,验证了方法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks