抗坏血酸分光光度法测定预氧化水中高价锰

用抗坏血酸分光光度法测定预氧化水中的高价锰,结果表明,该方法能准确、快速地测出水样中残留高锰酸根离子的含量.该法的线性范围为0.15～1 mg/L,检出限为0.144 mg/L,水样浊度小于80 NTU时,测定相对标准偏差为1.1%～4.9%,加标回收率为98.5%～101%.     

AA3型连续流动分析仪测定水样中总氮的方法研究

利用AA3型连续流动分析仪测定水样中的总氮含量,并分析其适用性。结果表明,该方法可用于地表水、饮用水及污水等的测定。该方法的线性范围为0~20.0 mg/L,线性相关系数达到0.9998,检出限为0.02 mg/L,加标回收率为97.1%~103%。     

流动分析法检测水中CODcr及其转化率的探究

使用AA3型连续流动分析仪CODcr法模块,测定水中的化学需氧量CODcr,并对较难氧化底物的转化率进行探究。结果表明,该仪器的线性范围在0～200 mg/L时,线性良好,且其检出限和检测下限均远低于国家标准手工化学法中的测定值。同时,讨论较难氧化水样中重铬酸钾的氧化程度,以葡萄糖为底物,实验证明仪器常用范围内其氧化率仅能达到85%。该结果对复杂水样中CODcr实际值的计算有十分重要的作用。     

化探样品中银和硒的电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了化探样品中银和硒,对实验条件进行优化,用混合酸(硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸)分解处理样品,用1μg/L115In作内标校正基体干扰和仪器漂移。Ag的线性范围为0～1.0μg/L,Se的线性范围为0～1.0μg/L,线性相关系数均为0.999以上。Ag,Se元素的检出限分别为0.005μg/L,0.006μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=10)在7.0%～13.0%之间。用该方法测定了岩石、水系沉积物和土壤三种国家标准物质,测定结果均在化探样品分析规范要求误差内。更多还原     

改进流动注射光度法测定含悬浮颗粒水样中总氮含量

用流动注射法测量含颗粒物水样中总氮,采用较粗管路和快速微波消解法,水样经预处理后,再使用自制在线过滤装置除去消解残渣。总氮的检出限为0.040mg/L,检测范围为0～10.0mg/L。本方法连续测定含悬浮颗粒水样,流路无堵塞,对湖水、生活污水和工业废水实际含悬浮颗粒水样中总氮的测定,加标回收率为99.6%～103.5%。     

固相萃取超高压液相色谱法检测水中灭草松

文章建立了一种高效简单易操作的实验方法,用于测定水中灭草松,优化了测定条件,该法较之现有标准检验法有了很大改进。实验结果表明,该法能够满足水中灭草松的测定要求,线性回归良好,测定结果稳定性好。若取1L水样经处理后测定,则最低检测质量浓度为0.062μg/L,回收率85%~100%,满足我国目前相关检测标准中对灭草松的测定要求。     

微波消解技术与ICP-AES法测定水中金属元素

研究了微波消解技术与ICP AES法结合对城市供排水中镉、铅、锌等十种金属元素测定的方法。确定了最佳分析谱线并对仪器分析条件进行优化。试验表明,该方法测定镉等十种金属元素线性范围宽,标准曲线相关系数R>0.9999,方法检出下限为0.001~0.01mg/L,样品测定相对标准偏差小于3.5%,加标回收率为95%~104%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱三重四级杆质谱联用法在北方河流水体氯霉素类抗生素测定中的应用

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱三重四级杆质谱联用法,同时测定水中的4种氯霉素类抗生素(氯霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺)残留,采用MRM扫描方式在正/负模式下,在10 min内完成对氯霉素类抗生素的分析,该方法线性范围为1~100μg/L,相关系数R20.99,实际水样加标回收率为92.8%~117.48%。利用该方法对北方河流水样进行采样调查,其中氟苯尼考检出率较高为26%,达526.36 ng/L。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,重现性好,具有一定的推广价值。     

固相萃取——高效液相色谱法测定水中阿特拉津

为了检验固相萃取——高效液相色谱法测定水样中除草剂阿特拉津的准确性和测量范围,利用以OASIS MCX富集柱对水样进行固相萃取,再经色谱柱分离,在紫外检测器上进行检测。结果显示阿特拉津在0.50～10.00 mg/L范围内峰面积与浓度呈显著线性相关关系:Y=-1.262e+004+1.82e+005X(R=0.998 6,P0.01);最低检出限为0.000 3 mg/L;精密度较好:样品相对标准偏差为0.86%～4.47%,准确度、灵敏度较高:加标回收率为93.4%～101.6%。利用固相萃取——高效液相色谱法测定水样阿特拉津测定是有效的方法。     

连续流动分析仪测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法验证

正确按照检测标准《水质总氮、挥发酚、硫化物、阴离子表面活性剂和六价铬的测定连续流动分析为分光光度计》（SL/T 788.4-2019）对地表水、地下水、饮用水和生活污水中阴离子表面活性剂进行检测,通过对精密度和准确度的测定分析,对该分析方法进行验证,检测时,当光程是50 mm时,水里面的阴离子表面活性剂方法检出限为0.010 mg/L,检测范围是0.040 mg/L～1.00 mg/L;若是该浓度大于方法测定的上限样品浓度,则可以经过适当的稀释以后再次进行测定,本方法验证了相对标准偏差、相对误差,精密度,准确度、检出限等指标都符合标准,测定结果相关系数达到0.999以上,检出限为0.010 mg/L,两个浓度的相对标准差分别为4.01%(n=20)和1.84%(n=20),分别测定了加标回收率,且都在标准范围,测定本中心有能力开展地表水、地下水、饮用水和地表水中阴离子表面活性剂进行检测工作。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定饮用水中痕量1,2-二溴乙烯与五氯丙烷

建立了同时检测饮用水中顺式-1,2-二溴乙烯、反式-1,2-二溴乙烯和五氯丙烷的吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用方法。结果表明：该方法在0.02～1.0μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限分别为0.0021μg/L、0.0012μg/L和0.0012μg/L。实际水样低（0.02μg/L）、中（0.2μg/L）、高（1.0μg/L）质量浓度加标7次平行测定相对标准偏差在1.51％～4.52％之间,加标回收率在92.3％～104.5％之间。     

三峡库区乡镇生活污水人工快渗处理中的氮素转化

以三峡库区乡镇生活污水为水源,以三峡库区特有的滤料为介质,研究了三峡库区乡镇生活污水人工快渗处理中氮素的转化行为.结果表明:人工快渗技术用于三峡库区乡镇生活污水无害化处理极为有效,其出水总氮、氨氮及硝氮的平均质量浓度分别为10.18mg/L、6.26mg/L及3.08mg/L,TN、NH+4-N的平均去除率分别为75....     

引黄济青工程渠首水质变化研究

2011年4月至2012年3月从引黄济青工程渠首取样并分析水质变化情况。结果表明,渠首黄河水含沙量和浊度年平均值分别为0．83kg/m3、754NTU;总氮（TN）含量变化范围为3．43~6．84mg／L,平均值为4．70mg／L;硝酸盐氮（N03-N）是TN的主要形式,占TN的58．5％-90．2％;氨氮（NH3-N）、亚硝酸盐氮（N02-N）、总磷（TP）含量较低;叶绿素a（Chla）变化范围为1．10-7．60mg／m2,平均值为3．96mg／m3。除泄洪、流量低等特殊情形外,不同季节间含沙量、浊度及其他水质指标没有明显差异。     

The effects of deep zones on wetland nitrogen processing.

Twelve research wetlands were operated under varying conditions at a site west of the city of Phoenix. These were constructed as a triplicated design, with zero, one, two and three internal deep zones, all containing an inlet distribution and an outlet collection deep zone, together comprising 12.5-35% of the wetland areas. The water supply was partially nitrified effluent from a city wastewater treatment plant. Total nitrogen was reduced by about 50%, from inflow concentrations between 6 and 8 mg/L. Speciation of the inflow was approximately 25% organic nitrogen, 25% ammonium nitrogen and 50% nitrate nitrogen. Typical outflow concentrations were about 1.2 mg/L organic, 0.5 mg/L ammonium and 0.0-2.5 mg/L nitrate. Rate constants for total nitrogen were 15-20 m/year at 20 degrees C, and 20-30 m/year for nitrate, which agree well with other project reports. Temperature factors averaged 1.100 for total nitrogen, and 1.184 for nitrate. There were no differences in the internal hydraulics with deep zone numbers. Deep zone numbers in the wetlands did not affect nitrogen treatment performance. No differences with deep zone numbers were found for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, or nitrogen removals or rate constants. In conjunction with other reported results, there appears to be no large treatment benefit or detriment of incorporating internal deep zones in free water surface wetlands.     

Effect of dosing regime on nitrification in a subsurface vertical flow treatment wetland system

In this study, the effect of dosing regime on nitrification in a subsurface vertical flow treatment wetland system was investigated. The experimental unit was composed of four circular concrete tanks (1 m diameter and 80 cm deep), filled with gravel (1-2 cm) and planted with Cyperus alternifolius L. Synthetic wastewater with average chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen of 1,151 and 339 mg/L was fed into each tank. Different feeding and resting periods were applied: continuous flow (tank 1), 4 hrs on and 4 hrs off (tank 2), 1 hr on and 3 hrs off (tank 3) and 15 minutes on and 3 hrs 45 minutes off (tank 4). All four tanks were under the same hydraulic loading rate of 5 cm/day. After 165 days the reduction of total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen and the increase of nitrate nitrogen were greatest in tank 4, which had the shortest feeding period, while the continuous flow produced the lowest results. Effluent tanks 2 and 3 experienced similar levels of nitrification, both higher than that of tank 1. Thus supporting the idea that rapid dosing periods provide better aerobic conditions resulting in enhanced nitrification within the bed. Tank 4 had the highest removal rates for COD, and the continuous flow had the lowest. Tank 2 also exhibited a higher COD removal rate than tank 3, demonstrating that short dosing periods provide better within-bed oxidation and therefore offer higher removal efficiency.     

Application of biofilm reactors to improve ammonia oxidation in low nitrogen loaded wastewater

An airlift reactor using zeolite particles as carrier material was used for the nitrification of effluents from the aquaculture industry. During the start-up the nitrogen concentration was kept around 100 mg NH4(+)-N/L to develop the nitrifying population. Later it was decreased down to around 3 mg NH4(+)-N/L and the dilution rate was increased up to 4.8 d(-1) in order to simulate the conditions in a an aquaculture waster treatment system. A nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 535 mg NH(+)-N/m2 d was fully oxidized to nitrate. Higher values of NLRs caused nitrite accumulation. A second biofilm reactor was fed with a synthetic medium containing 50 mg NH4(+)-N/L which simulated the effluents from anaerobic units treating domestic wastewater. A nitrogen loading rate of 400 mg NH4(+)-N/L d was oxidized into nitrate with an efficiency of 60% at a dilution rate of 8 d(-1). Both biofilm systems allowed the development of a nitrifying population to treat the studied types of wastewaters.     

苏北平原河网区典型农村中小河流水体氮磷赋存特征

以苏北平原河网区的盐城市射阳县某个典型圩区(面积12.73km2)为例,通过连续15个月对圩区内沟渠河流水体采样分析,研究苏北平原河网区中小河流地表水氮磷赋存特征。结果表明:研究区域中小河流水体氮磷超标严重,水体处于富营养化状态。所有水样品总氮质量浓度均超过GB 3838—2002《地表水Ⅲ类水质标准》(ρ=1.0 mg/L),79%的总氮质量浓度超过Ⅴ类水质标准(ρ=2.0 mg/L);73%的总磷质量浓度超过Ⅲ类水体标准(ρ=0.2 mg/L),39%的样品超过Ⅴ类水质标准。地表水氮素和磷素主要以溶解态形式存在;硝态氮是溶解态总氮主要赋存形态,相应的比例约为60%,铵态氮比例最少,约为10%;溶解态活性磷是溶解态磷素主要赋存形态,约为80%。畜禽养殖相对集中区域地表水氮素和磷素浓度高于其他区域;中沟、干渠等小型河流水体在夏季存在水质分层现象。     

Simulation of denitrification in groundwater from Chaohu Lake Catchment,China

The eutrophication of Chaohu Lake in China is mainly attributed to nitrate inflow from non-point sources in the lake catchment. In this study,biological nitrate reduction from groundwater in the Chaohu Lake Catchment was investigated under laboratory conditions in a continuous upflow reactor. Sodium acetate served as the carbon source and electron donor. Results showed that a carbon-to-nitrogen(C/N) molar ratio of 3:1 and hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 8 d could achieve the most rapid nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N) depletion(from 100 mg/L to 1 mg/L within120 h). This rate was confirmed when field groundwater was tested in the reactor, in which a NO_3~--N removal rate of 97.71% was achieved(from60.35 mg/L to 1.38 mg/L within 120 h). Different levels of the initial NO_3~--N concentration(30, 50, 70, and 100 mg/L) showed observable influence on the denitrification rates, with an overall average NO_3~--N removal efficiency of 98.25% at 120 h. Nitrite nitrogen(NO_2~--N)accumulated in the initial 12 h, and then kept decreasing, until it reached 0.0254 mg/L at 120 h. Compared with the initial value, there was a slight accumulation of 0.04 mg/L for the ammonia nitrogen(NH4-N) concentration in the effluent, which is, however, less than the limit value.These results can provide a reference for evaluating performance of denitrification in situ.     

UASB与ABR工艺处理印染废水中试实验研究

对上流式厌氧反应器(UASB)和折流式厌氧反应器(ABR)处理难降解印染废水进行中试研究。结果表明:在厌氧反应器最佳水力停留时间为24 h条件下,UASB和ABR稳定运行2个多月,在进水COD质量浓度波动较大的情况下(ρmax=1 020.0 mg/L,ρmin=593.6 mg/L,ρ均=755.4 mg/L),UASB和ABR出水平均COD质量浓度分别为409.3 mg/L和420.9 mg/L,平均去除率分别为45.5%和43.9%。两种厌氧反应器对色度去除效果较佳,进水平均色度342倍,出水平均色度分别78倍和80倍,平均去除率分别为77.2%和76.6%。印染废水B/C由0.29分别提高到0.46和0.43,废水可生化性明显改善,UASB较ABR效果好。