六西格玛在软件过程度量中应用研究综述

现有软件过程度量的标准模型一般只提出如何进行软件过程管理以及应该达到什么样的标准,但没有对客户怎样做,使用哪些方法可以达到这些标准进行具体的阐述。而六西格玛改进提供了一套持续改进现有过程的流程、方法和工具;六西格玛设计是控制产品设计质量突破“五西格玛墙”的有力工具,它更接近于企业的底层经营流程。因而,针对软件企业的自身特点,结合六西格玛,解决软件质量的控制问题,生产出高质量的产品,获得竞争优势,具有十分重要的意义。为此进行了相关文献的综述研究。     

Six sigma as a business process management method in services: analysis of the key application problems

Apart from being applied in production, Six Sigma has grown considerably in importance as a business process management (BPM) method in services. The transfer of the method from production to service applications does, however, pose problems which affect the success of implementing Six Sigma as a BPM method in services. For a successful application of the Six Sigma method in services it is helpful to know these possible problems in order to be able to avoid them and to achieve the goals of Six Sigma improvement projects. In addition from a theoretical view knowing the problems is a first step for further development of the Six Sigma method. Therefore, the present article deals with the following questions: which key problems regarding the application of Six Sigma in services are mentioned in the literature and which phases of the Six Sigma cycle can they be assigned to? The existing literature on this subject is reviewed and a qualitative content analysis of its contents is presented. Additionally, a survey based on the problems found in the literature is conducted to compare theory and practice. The evaluation of the results shows, on the one hand, that to date the problems of the application of Six Sigma in services have little been dealt with. On the other hand the evaluation provides a survey of the problems structured in accordance to the phases of the Six Sigma cycle. Thus, the present paper offers new findings as regards the state-of-the-art of the Six Sigma method.     

Six years of systematic literature reviews in software engineering: An updated tertiary study

Context

Since the introduction of evidence-based software engineering in 2004, systematic literature review (SLR) has been increasingly used as a method for conducting secondary studies in software engineering. Two tertiary studies, published in 2009 and 2010, identified and analysed 54 SLRs published in journals and conferences in the period between 1st January 2004 and 30th June 2008.

Objective

In this article, our goal was to extend and update the two previous tertiary studies to cover the period between 1st July 2008 and 31st December 2009. We analysed the quality, coverage of software engineering topics, and potential impact of published SLRs for education and practice.

Method

We performed automatic and manual searches for SLRs published in journals and conference proceedings, analysed the relevant studies, and compared and integrated our findings with the two previous tertiary studies.

Results

We found 67 new SLRs addressing 24 software engineering topics. Among these studies, 15 were considered relevant to the undergraduate educational curriculum, and 40 appeared of possible interest to practitioners. We found that the number of SLRs in software engineering is increasing, the overall quality of the studies is improving, and the number of researchers and research organisations worldwide that are conducting SLRs is also increasing and spreading.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the software engineering research community is starting to adopt SLRs consistently as a research method. However, the majority of the SLRs did not evaluate the quality of primary studies and fail to provide guidelines for practitioners, thus decreasing their potential impact on software engineering practice.     

软件适应性度量方法研究*

为了能够通过软件的源代码度量面向对象软件的适应性,提出了一个包含七个具体度量指标的软件适应性度量模型,并开发了在Java软件中提取各度量指标的支持工具FlexTool;为了避免通过手动调整大量软件源代码的方式度量软件适应性,使研究人员能够在不太了解软件实现细节的情况下对适应性进行度量,提出了将该适应性模型应用于软件版本的演化从而度量软件适应性的方法,并通过著名开源软件Ant的版本演化对该方法的合理性进行了验证。     

Design for six sigma through robust optimization

The current push in industry is focused on ensuring not only that a product performs as desired but also that the product consistently performs as desired. To ensure consistency in product performance, “quality” is measured, improved, and controlled. Most quality initiatives have originated and been implemented in the product manufacturing stages. More recently, however, it has been observed that much of a product’s performance and quality is determined by early design decisions, by the design choices made early in the product design cycle. Consequently, quality pushes have made their way into the design cycle, and “design for quality” is the primary objective. How is this objective measured and met? The most recent quality philosophy, also originating in a manufacturing setting, is six sigma. The concepts of six sigma quality can be defined in an engineering design context through relation to the concepts of design reliability and robustness – probabilistic design approaches. Within this context, design quality is measured with respect to probability of constraint satisfaction and sensitivity of performance objectives, both of which can be related to a design “sigma level”. In this paper, we define six sigma in an engineering design context and present an implementation of design for six sigma – a robust optimization formulation that incorporates approaches from structural reliability and robust design with the concepts and philosophy of six sigma. This formulation is demonstrated using a complex automotive application: vehicle side impact crash simulation. Results presented illustrate the tradeoff between performance and quality when optimizing for six sigma reliability and robustness.     

New minimum sigma set for unscented filtering

In this work, a new minimum set of sigma points for unscented filtering is proposed along with its unscented Kalman filter in both square‐root and nonsquare‐root forms. Comparative with the other reduced sigma sets of the literature, the new sigma set is, in some cases, better defined or, in another case, a generalization. In numerical examples, the unscented transform of the new sigma set is compared with the unscented transforms of the other reduced sigma sets of the literature. In addition, the performance of the new unscented Kalman filter is studied in an aircraft target tracking scenario. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Methods for interfacing analysis software to optimization software

Three methods are presented for interfacing analysis software to optimization software to create design software. These methods are referred to as the “conventional interface”, the “pro-gramming-free interface”, and the “generalized interface”. The latter two methods introduce new ideas which are attractive from the user's standpoint. The programming-free interface simplifies the interface process by eliminating the necessity for tlie user to modify the analysis source code. The generalized interface allows one to create a general-purpose design package from a general-purpose analysis package. Support for the methods has been implemented in a software package named OPTDES.BYU. Use of the methods with this package is illustrated with a simple example.     

Mining software repositories for comprehensible software fault prediction models

Software managers are routinely confronted with software projects that contain errors or inconsistencies and exceed budget and time limits. By mining software repositories with comprehensible data mining techniques, predictive models can be induced that offer software managers the insights they need to tackle these quality and budgeting problems in an efficient way. This paper deals with the role that the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)-based classification technique AntMiner+ can play as a comprehensible data mining technique to predict erroneous software modules. In an empirical comparison on three real-world public datasets, the rule-based models produced by AntMiner+ are shown to achieve a predictive accuracy that is competitive to that of the models induced by several other included classification techniques, such as C4.5, logistic regression and support vector machines. In addition, we will argue that the intuitiveness and comprehensibility of the AntMiner+ models can be considered superior to the latter models.     

Project visualization for software

A software product "blueprint" let stakeholders view a software project's status at any point in the development. The work on requirements analysis and design when only the designers understand a software project's progress can be frustrating. Although a project leader should give progress presentations to stakeholders before the software is ready for demonstration, a presentation showing fragments of code is hardly useful. The lack of useful information makes it difficult for stakeholders to give constructive criticism on the project's progress or to set priorities. It might also damage their confidence in the project's progress and quality and their faith in the plans.     

Knowledge for software security

A critical challenge facing software security today is the dearth of experienced practitioners. Approaches that rely solely on apprenticeship as a method of propagation won't scale quickly enough to address this burgeoning problem, so as the field evolves and establishes best practices, knowledge management can play a central role in encapsulating and spreading the emerging discipline more efficiently. This article is about the kinds of security knowledge that can provide a solid foundation for software security practices.     

New direction for software

The article describes a new realtime application environment. Included in this environment is micro-mainframe interactive link with a real-time updating facility. A full range of productivity and applications software will also be released as part of the package enabling flexibility and an easy expansion route for the user.     

软件发布机制体系结构研究

针对现有软件发布方式主要以开发者的角度进行软件开发后生命周期管理所存在的问题,提出了更为合理的以用户的角度进行软件开发后生命周期管理的思想,建立了一种新的软件发布机制体系结构.该发布机制试图解决如下问题:让用户透明地使用软件,即用户不需要显式地进行软件的安装、更新和卸载;支持软件的即点即用和使用态发布,使用态发布指安装了某软件的计算机可以作为该软件的发布源;使得系统重装后能够以较小的代价恢复到指定的状态点.最后,分析了软件动态更新和分布式软件系统发布所应解决的问题.