基于奇异谱熵和支持向量机的变压器绕组松动识别及定位

绕组压紧状态影响着变压器的机械性能和绝缘性能。为此,提出一种基于奇异谱熵和支持向量机的变压器绕组松动诊断及定位方法。首先进行110 kV变压器绕组松动实验并测取不同绕组状态下的振动信号,对信号进行时间序列重构,通过奇异值分解提取重构空间的最优特征序列,结合信息熵得出绕组松动的特征量——奇异谱熵,并作为诊断模型的输入,利用粒子群算法对多分类支持向量机进行参数优化。并将其测试结果与BP和PNN神经网络的诊断效果进行对比。实验结果证明,该方法能有效地判断绕组是否发生松动并正确识别绕组松动相,验证了上述方法的可行性和准确性。     

引起变压器异常振动的两种缺陷的诊断

铁芯和绕组是电力变压器的关键部件,运行中电力变压器的振动主要由铁芯与绕组的松动所引起.在实验室建立10 kV变压器故障模型,通过人为松动铁芯与绕组的紧固装置来分别模拟铁芯松动与绕组松动的缺陷,并在变压器内部与外部共安装了7个传感器来进行数据采集,研究内外传感器的数据差异,得出测量变压器振动的最佳传感器布置方式;之后,研究不同空载电压条件下铁芯的振动规律,及不同负载电流条件下绕组振动的规律,最终得出诊断变压器铁芯松动和绕组松动的方法.     

基于VMD的变压器绕组松动故障分析与诊断

为了及时有效地诊断变压器绕组松动故障,针对变压器空载合闸振动信号,提出了一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)的分析方法。首先运用VMD对绕组松动前后变压器表面合闸振动信号进行最优模态分解,建立信息熵—峭度—相关系数综合评价模型,并运用熵权—TOPSIS法提取特征模态分量;通过计算变压器振动信号能量熵进一步判定绕组状态;最后搭建测试平台进行实验验证。结果表明,绕组松动和正常状态下变压器振动信号在特征频率和能量分布上均存在明显差异,该方法为变压器绕组松动故障诊断提供了新的思路。     

基于振动的变压器绕组松动诊断方法

对变压器绕组振动的频率成分进行分析,指出100 Hz振动分量是变压器绕组振动的核心分量,且接近100 Hz的振动分量振幅较大。为避开铁心振动对绕组松动诊断的影响,提出以50 Hz振动分量与150 Hz振动分量的比值为特征量的绕组松动诊断方法。对某110 k V大型变压器进行绕组松动试验,采集其监测点处的振动信号,提取指定频率下的振动分量并计算诊断特征量,试验结果表明在绕组松动前后,50 Hz振动分量与150 Hz振动分量的比值会发生明显变化,可以作为变压器绕组松动的诊断依据。     

油浸式变压器绕组振动影响因素研究

变压器绕组振动信号能够反应其绕组运行状态。为了研究变压器绕组振动的影响因素,在分析绕组振动产生机理的基础上,将负载电流和轴向预紧力对绕组振动的影响进行了理论分析。采用短路电流法对变压器在不同电流下的振动信号、温升实验下的连续振动信号进行了测试,并进行了模拟绕组松动故障测试。测试结果与理论分析一致:绕组振动随负载电流的增大而增强,随轴向预紧力增强而减弱,随温度上升而下降。结果可对进一步研究基于振动信号的变压器故障诊断技术提供参考。     

基于振动-SVM的变压器绕组缺陷诊断方法

为了诊断变压器绕组是否存在松动缺陷以及判断绕组松动严重程度,给出及时应对措施,提出以频率特征量为输入、PSO优化SVM的变压器绕组松动缺陷诊断方法。进行110 kV变压器短路试验,模拟不同程度的绕组松动缺陷以探究绕组松动程度特征,提取振动信号的频谱分量,利用比值法削弱负载电流的影响,发现基频分量、800 Hz和a900 Hz分量与频率分量总和的比值随绕组松动程度增加而产生明显变化。但由于特征值相对较小,不利于提取判断阈值,故通过支持向量机进行缺陷诊断并利用效果相对较好的粒子群算法对其进行优化。测试结果表明该诊断模型具有较高的准确性。     

基于格拉姆角场和深度残差网络的变压器绕组松动故障诊断模型

针对变压器绕组松动故障诊断中特征量难以选取,依赖人工经验的问题,提出了一种基于自动编码器降噪,格拉姆角场(GAF)和深度残差网络(ResNet)进行识别的变压器绕组松动诊断方法。该方法直接从GAF图像中自动学习有效的故障特征,不需要手动提取特征量。首先,将振动信号经过自动编码器进行降噪,获得信噪比更高的振动信号。然后,采用GAF方法将振动信号转化为二维图像,生成图像数据集,在此基础上训练ResNet,构建适用于变压器绕组松动故障分类识别的网络模型。最后,搭建变压器绕组松动故障试验平台,采集绕组在不同松动和试验电流下的振动信号并进行分析。试验结果表明,所提诊断方法对变压器绕组松动识别准确率达95%以上,能够有效识别松动相和松动程度,适用于变压器绕组松动故障的识别和诊断。     

大型电力变压器绕组直流电阻测试装置的研究与应用

通过对变压器三角形绕组直流电阻测试时间长,而且不能保证测试准确性的现状进行了分析。研究一种可用于变压器三角形绕组直流电阻的快速测试装置,通过切换装置的自动切换,进行三角形绕组的快速测试。及时准确查找出变压器三角形绕组内部的焊接质量,接头松动,接触不良等诸多缺陷,对保证变压器安全运行起到重要作用。     

变压器绕组变形试验方法技术分析

针对运行中的变压器绕组内部结构产生的扭曲、位移问题,阐述了变压器绕组变形检测原理及绕组变形TDT测试系统工作原理,对频率响应分析法的应用要点和诊断结果进行了技术分析.     

基于“磁–机械”耦合场理论的电力变压器绕组振动特性研究

为进一步理解和掌握变压器绕组的振动特性,通过建立实体变压器的三维有限元分析模型,使用超弹性Mooney-Rivlin模型模拟变压器绕组垫块的非线性材料特性,基于"磁–机械"耦合场理论实现了变压器运行过程中由电动力激励到绕组振动响应的全过程仿真分析,得到了变压器绕组在电磁力激励下正常与松动状态下的振动特性。对某35 k V电力变压器振动特性的测试结果表明,变压器绕组振动波形的计算结果与直接布置于绕组上的光振传感器的测试结果吻合良好,验证了计算结果的正确性。此外,变压器绕组松动即预紧力的下降相当于垫块材料刚度的增加,此时,绕组振动信号中的100 Hz分量及其倍频均随之增大,但增幅各异。研究结果可为变压器绕组结构优化及绕组变形振动检测法提供重要依据。     

推挽变换器的变压器线圈损耗建模及其应用

由于四个线圈分时工作,应用于推挽变换器的变压器线圈交流损耗模型与线圈同时工作的高频功率变压器有很大不同.通过深入研究线圈电流谐渡磁势平衡特点,提出将一个四线圈分时工作的推挽变压器等效为两个独立的变压器,分别建立这两个变压器的谐波电流损耗模型,从而获得整个变压器的线圈损耗建模方法,并据此提出通过这两个等效变压器测量推挽变...     

Multiturn high-frequency coaxial winding power transformers

Previous papers on coaxial winding transformers have focused on designs that use a copper tube to form a single-turn outer winding, and litz wire for a multiple-turn inner winding. In high-power applications, the increased resistance of a solid outer winding due to skin effects can be a limiting factor in achieving good performance, especially at frequencies above several hundred kilohertz. A single-turn outer winding leads to large core cross section areas at lower frequencies and the turns ratio is limited to a ratio of n:1, where n is an integer. This paper demonstrates several methods for achieving multiturn outer windings to improve design flexibility for the coaxial winding power transformer. Experimental measurements on transformers that have multiturn outer windings are included to confirm analytical results and demonstrate the modified designs     

Air temperature effect on thermal models for ventilated dry-type transformers

The temperature of the air surrounding the windings of ventilated dry-type transformers is an important factor in the cooling of the windings since they are cooled only by the air. In particular, inner windings are sensitive to the air temperature in vertical cooling ducts. This study presents air temperature effect on the temperatures in foil-type inner winding for the dry-type transformers. A transformer rated at 2000 kVA was selected for the research and temperature distribution was calculated under constant and varying air temperatures inside vertical ducts at three different loads. The 2-D transient heat diffusion equation was solved using the finite element method by coupling it with the vector potential equation due to non-uniformly generated heat caused by eddy currents in the foil winding. The calculated temperatures at constant and varying air temperatures are presented together with experimental values. The numerical and experimental results of this study showed that the air temperature affects the accuracy of temperatures in foil-type inner winding greatly.     

发电机变压器放电故障诊断的基础研究和应用

检测电气设备的局部放电(PD)信息,诊断绝缘故障,可避免严重后果.作为绕组类设备,当发电机和变压器内发生局部放电时,由于PD脉冲沿绕组的传播,在绕组两端检测得到的放电信号将被畸变.从工程应用的角度看,需要解决PD信号的检测和量化、PD源定位、故障模式判断及干扰抑制问题.因此,需要深入研究的基础内容包括:放电脉冲信号特征,脉冲沿绕组的传播规律,现场强烈电磁干扰的抑制,放电故障模式识别等.文中综合介绍国内外在以上各方面所取得的成果,并提出今后需进一步开展研究的几方面内容:基础研究成果的工程实用,远程诊断,多故障模式识别和模糊诊断等.     

Increasing the operating life of power transformer winding insulation when upgrading 25-kV alternating current traction substations

Upgrading the traction power supply is an important task in developing railway power engineering. The Russian railway transport development strategy envisions updating power supply equipment, including the reconstruction of 763 traction substations, which will be very expensive. Power transformers are the main, and most expensive, apparatuses in traction substations. They account for more than 50% of the cost of substation equipment. Steps in increasing the operating life of power traction substations during upgrading the ac traction substations are described in the present article. Substation upgrading involves up-to-date equipment and technologies. The decision to replace or further use existing substation power transformers is primarily based on data on the real condition of transformers. The 25 kV alternating current power transformers traction substations operate with the high unbalanced current of windings. The current of the most loaded winding can possess double magnitude of currents in other windings, while the losses of windings differ by four times. A qualitative analysis of transformer operating life based on insulation wear for three traction substations is presented. The winding with maximum insulation wear is assessed on the basis of power consumption. In order to extend the operating life, windings need to be connected to neutral links of a traction substation.     

平面变压器绕组交流损耗分析软件的开发

随着DC-DC变换器不断向高功率密度、低压和大电流方向发展，其中平面变压器的绕组往往要采用多层并联的结构。但并联绕组间的电流分配及损耗又取决于频率、绕组的布置及厚度。到目前为止在平面变压器绕组损耗分析方面还没有一套比较方便快捷的分析工具，鉴于此，我们建立了并联绕组涡流分布的数学模型，并开发了相应的分析工具，使设计者可以快速有效地分析和比较不同绕组布置方案的交流损耗，从而选择一种最优的设计方案。     

自耦补偿与谐波屏蔽换流变压器的接线方案和原理研究

针对传统换流变压器和滤波方式存在的问题,对一种新型的自耦补偿与谐波屏蔽换流变压器进行研究.该换流变压器阀侧绕组采用延边三角形接线,为3倍次谐波电流提供通路;通过匝比配合,实现12脉波换流;其延边绕组与公共绕组构成自耦变压器接线,可减少换流器换向时的电流冲击;在公共绕组上连接滤波支路,并调至谐振点,配之以变压器巧妙的零阻抗设计,可以在阀侧实现无功补偿,可实现网侧绕组中无5、7、11、13次特征谐波,即谐波屏蔽.仿真结果表明论文的理论分析正确;这种新型换流变压器可大大减少网侧绕组中的谐波含量,降低谐波在变压器中引起的损耗和噪音,同时可降低换流变压器的设计容量和绝缘设计的难度,将有很好的应用前景.     

Using correlation coefficients for locating partial discharge in power transformer

Most serious failure of power transformers is due to the insulation breakdown. Partial discharge (PD) that damages insulation by gradual erosion is major source of insulation failure. The effective ability of the wavelet packets analysis as a tool for disk-to-disk partial discharge faults detection and localization in transformer windings is shown in this paper. Techniques for locating a PD source are of the major importance in both the maintenance and repair of a transformer. One of the most well-known methods of PD localization in transformers is based on winding modeling and current of neutral point analysis. Since the impedance between PD location and neutral point of winding depends on the PD location in respect to neutral point, the frequency spectrum of neutral point current varies when the PD location changes. In the other word, the current components of neutral points vary according to the place where PD occurs. So in this paper, detailed model of transformer winding is modeled and the neutral point current is studied for locating PD. The used method is validated by the simulated model of transformer windings. This model produces a very acceptable current when compared to the experimental data. In this paper for locating partial discharge (PD) in transformer windings, a simulated model is developed for the transformer winding and the PD phenomenon mechanism. The impulse current test and wavelet packets transformation are used to locate PD. It is shown that the neutral current measurement of the transformer winding has useful information about PD location.     

从变压器事故实例看短路试验的必要性

在电力系统中，大型变压器因绕组抗短路强度不足造成绕组失稳损坏事故愈来愈突出。本文通过实例分析了绕组受力情况和损坏原因，指出只有对产品进行短路试验，找出薄弱环节加以改进，才能提高变压器抗短路强度，并提出了抗短路强度的主要措施。     

一种配电变压器绕组变形故障的在线监测新方法

针对电网对变压器绕组健康状态在线监测的需求,提出了一种新的变压器绕组变形故障在线监测方法。通过在线测量两种不同负荷下一次侧和二次侧的电压电流,计算出变压器的短路电抗值,进而反映变压器绕组变形情况。此方法的突出优势在于无需空载调零,不受激磁电流变化影响,不受运行中配电变压器一次侧电压随电网电压波动的影响且精度很高。将所提方法应用于不同容量的配电变压器,仿真结果显示该方法能够精确有效地在线测量正常变压器和有不同程度变形故障的变压器的短路电抗值,从而实现配电变压器绕组变形故障的在线监测。依据本方法的特点,设计了实现短路电抗在线监测所必需的数据采集模块和分析模块。