扩散型热浸镀铝-镧钢的抗腐蚀机理研究

对扩散型热浸镀铝-镧钢的抗H2S腐蚀性能及机理进行了研究.通过SEM、TEM、XRD等对热浸镀铝-镧扩散层的组织结构进行观察和分析.结果表明,稀土镧可提高热浸镀铝钢的抗腐蚀性能.热浸镀铝-镧钢的扩散层中存在非晶态相,且稀土镧的添加可使扩散层中的非晶含量增加.在靠近扩散层的最外层表面有一约30 μm厚的过渡层,该层为非晶态占优的非晶合金与纳米晶粒的混合区,且随着深度增加,非晶逐渐减少.分析认为,扩散层中存在大量的非晶态合金是稀土镧提高扩散型热浸镀铝钢抗腐蚀性能的主要原因.     

少无氧扩散处理对热浸镀铝奥氏体钢氧化开裂影响的实验研究

对扩散热处理后的热浸镀铝1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢进行1000℃高温氧化试验,发现直接扩散处理试样在氧化120 h后表面出现明显开裂,而少无氧扩散处理试样经500 h氧化后表面完好。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪的观察及分析表明,由于扩散前期在外扩散层形成的Fe-Al合金(脆性相Fe2Al5和条状FeAl2)为氧提供了扩散通道,导致直接扩散试样的合金层内产生了内氧化空洞,在高温氧化阶段,内氧化占据主导地位,使镀层表面开裂。少无氧扩散能够防止氧进入合金层内部,而且随着扩散的进行,合金层的相组成及形态变化也对氧向内扩散起阻碍作用。少无氧扩散试样的高温氧化由外向内进行,延缓了合金层的开裂和脱落。     

Effect of Diffused Heat Treatment with Little or No Oxygen on High Temperature Oxidation Cracks of Hot-dip Aluminizing Austenitic Stainless Steel

对扩散热处理后的热浸镀铝1Crl8Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢进行1000℃高温氧化试验,发现直接扩散处理试样在氧化120h后表面出现明显开裂,而少无氧扩散处理试样经500h氧化后表面完好.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪的观察及分析表明,由于扩散前期在外扩散层形成的Fe-Al合金(脆性相Fe2Al5和条状FeAl2)为氧提供了扩散通道,导致直接扩散试样的合金层内产生了内氧化空洞,在高温氧化阶段,内氧化占据主导地位,使镀层表面开裂.少无氧扩散能够防止氧进入合金层内部,而且随着扩散的进行,合金层的相组成及形态变化电对氧向内扩散起阻碍作用.少无氧扩散试样的高温氧化由外向内进行,延缓了合金层的开裂和脱落.     

园林钢护栏的表面镀层与耐蚀性能研究

对园林钢护栏进行表面热浸镀铝处理,观察热浸镀层的表面和截面形貌,研究扩散退火对镀层形貌、物相、成分和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,扩散退火前钢护栏表面镀层较为致密、均匀,镀层与基体界面结合良好,未发现有显微裂纹或者孔洞缺陷,外表层为富Al层,次表层为Fe-Al合金层。扩散退火后,表面镀层发生了Fe、Al元素的扩散,镀层表层的氧化物为Al_2O_3,而镀层内层主要为FeAl。经过扩散退火处理后,镀层的耐腐蚀性能明显提高。     

热浸镀锌铝的界面反应机理

通过热浸镀和扩散偶试验研究铁基与4种锌铝熔池成分合金Zn-0.2%Al、Zn-5%Al、Zn-25%Al、Zn-55%Al(质量分数)之间的界面反应过程,提出热浸镀锌铝中扩散通道移动对合金层形成的控制机理。结果表明:热浸镀(扩散偶)初期,扩散通道均沿两相区共轭线(tie-line)穿过熔池成分液相与对应的Fe-Al化合物构成的两相区,铁基表面优先形成对应的Fe-Al化合物的连续层状组织。随着热浸镀(扩散)时间的延长,扩散通道具有逐渐向两扩散组元成分点连线移动的趋势,一旦扩散通道切割熔池成分液相与对应的Fe-Al化合物构成的两相区共轭线,初期形成的Fe-Al化合物层失稳破裂,导致镀层合金层(扩散层)快速增厚。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝扩散层的的抗氧化性

通过高温氧化实验,测定出1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝前后的氧化增重,分析了扩散层的微观结构和表面氧化产物的物相组成。结果表明：1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝后的抗氧化温度可达1100℃,扩散层中Fe2Al5退化成FeAl后β-NiAl将发挥抗氧化使用,α-Al2O3相的形成是使材料抗高温氧化性提高的主要原因。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝扩散层的抗氧化性

通过高温氧化实验,测定出1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝前后的氧化增重,分析了扩散层的微观结构和表面氧化产物的物相组成.结果表明1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝后的抗氧化温度可达1100℃,扩散层中Fe2Al5退化成FeAl后,β-NiAl将发挥抗氧化作用,α-A12O3相的形成是使材料抗高温氧化性提高的主要原因.     

工业纯钛热浸镀铝及其抗高温氧化性能的研究

通过XRD,SEM,EDS和高温循环氧化实验,研究了工业纯钛TA2在750℃热浸镀铝并扩散退火(950℃X 6 h)后,所得热浸镀铝层在高温氧化前后的微观组织结构,分析了试样的抗高温氧化性能,并探讨了抗高温氧化性能得到提高的原因.结果表明:热浸镀铝层分为中间层与外层,中间层主要相是Ti3Al,外层又分为内扩散层和外扩散层,内扩散层形成了一层Al2O3氧化膜层,外扩散层主要相是TiAl3和Al2O3;TA2经热浸镀铝后,其高温抗氧化性能明显得到提高,主要原因是在热浸镀铝表层和内扩散层都形成了致密的Al2O3氧化膜.     

热浸镀铝硅镀层微观组织结构表征

目的 研究热成形钢热浸镀铝硅镀层的微观组织与物相组成.方法 利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析铝硅镀层表面与截面的微观组织形貌与成分,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)分析铝硅镀层的物相组成与比例.结果 热浸镀铝硅镀层表面由富Al相、少量的富Fe相以及树枝晶网状分布的高Si相构成,截面是由内外两层组成,其靠近铁基体的内层为Fe-Al-Si合金层,外层为Al-Si层.进一步的研究显示,Al-Si层由富Al相、少量的富Fe相以及柱状分布的高Si相构成,高Si相主要存在于合金层与铝硅层界面以及Al-Si层中.结论 热浸镀铝硅镀层中富Al相、富Fe相、高Si相和Fe-Al-Si三元合金层的物相分别为Al、Al13Fe4、Si和Al8Fe2Si.对热浸镀铝硅镀层中高Si相的研究显示,分布于合金层与铝硅层界面处的高Si相,可以有效阻碍镀层的生长,而分布于铝硅层中的高Si相在空间中以立体网状骨架的结构形式存在,这种立体网状结构形式作为镀层的主体框架,可以有效地提高镀层的强韧性和成形性能.     

TC4合金表面扩散型热浸铝层的组织结构分析

采用热浸镀铝和热扩散方法在TC4钛合金表面获得厚度约100μm的扩散型热浸铝层,利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对热浸铝层的显微组织、物相及成分进行了分析.试验结果表明,热浸镀铝后进行扩散可以在TC4钛合金表面产生高硬度的TiAl3、Ti2Al5及TiAl2相的扩散层.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.