浅谈棉织物的防紫外线整理

随着生活水平的提高,人们对服装材料的要求也越来越高。棉织物如何能抵抗紫外线的照射,就成了研究的课题。本文主要介绍了棉织物的防紫外线的整理几种方法。     

织物用抗紫外线整理剂的研究进展

从紫外线的分类及对人类肌肤的伤害谈起,说明了织物整理抗紫外线的原理和方法。系统阐述各类紫外线吸收剂的优缺点、合成方法及应用,详述了近几年紫外吸收剂的研究进展。对该领域今后的研究方向做出了预测。     

纺织品无机纳米紫外线屏蔽剂研究进展

无机纳米紫外线屏蔽剂因其良好的紫外线屏蔽性以及无毒无味、热稳定性好和效果持久的特点已成为抗紫外研究的热点。对近年来各类纺织品无机纳米紫外线屏蔽剂的作用机制、基本特性和研究进展进行了综述,指出制约该类产品发展的问题及产品改进的方向。     

反应性紫外线吸收剂研究进展

对纺织品进行功能整理是提高其附加值的重要环节,反应性紫外线吸收剂可有效改善纺织品的紫外线防护能力。针对现有反应性紫外线吸收剂的国内外发展现状和趋势,详细介绍了二苯甲酮类、苯并三唑类、三嗪类、受阻胺类及其他类反应性紫外线吸收剂的制备过程和应用情况,并对它们的应用前景进行了展望。     

生产抗紫外线模塑料的试验

PMMA熔融状态下加入UV—326等紫外线吸收剂,使生产的有机玻璃具有吸收紫外光的特性,能够提供高度的光稳定性。经长期曝光其吸收特性和结构保持不变,此种方法的模塑料应用广泛、市场潜力巨大,产品竞争力很强。此项产品在PMMA中试装置上经过多次试验,现已逐渐成熟,可以转移到主装置上试生产。     

棉织物防皱免烫整理工艺研究

研究了抗皱剂,催化剂,添加剂与棉织物抗皱效果的关系。确定了达到抗皱强力,甲醛,手感等效果均衡的工艺条件。     

PET瓶专用抗紫外线吸收剂

[美国《塑料技术》2004年第3期消息]1种专用于透明PET瓶的新型紫外线吸收剂母料最近由美国加州Techmer PM公司开发成功,这种名为Techsperse PTM12125P的添加剂母料可吸收太阳光以及荧光发     

紫外线吸收剂的研究进展

紫外线吸收剂是一类可防止太阳光或其他人造紫外光引起聚合物降解的物质。2-（2′-羟基苯并三唑、2-羟基二苯酮、水杨酸酯等可用作紫外线吸收剂，本文综述了其合成和应用的情况，该类产品的改性使之性能更好，可用于一些工程塑料中。     

纳米氧化锌和纳米银对棉织物的多功能整理

以植物金银花提取物作为还原剂制备了纳米ZnO和纳米Ag,通过浸轧法将纳米ZnO单独整理以及将两者依次整理到棉织物上制备多功能棉织物(ZnO-棉织物、ZnO/Ag-棉织物).利用SEM、XRD、FTIR分析了整理前后棉织物的形貌和结构,并探讨了整理后棉织物的多功能性.结果表明,棉织物上的纳米粒子分布较均匀且发生了轻微团聚.与ZnO-棉织物相比,ZnO/Ag-棉织物对亚甲基蓝(MB)和红酒的降解率分别提高了7.09％和10.61％,说明纳米Ag提升了纳米ZnO的光催化活性.ZnO-棉织物经过10次洗涤后其纳米粒子含量虽有小幅下降,但对MB的降解率仍达到83.24％以上,说明负载纳米粒子后棉织物具有良好的自清洁能力和耐洗性能.此外,ZnO-棉织物和ZnO/Ag-棉织物的紫外防护系数(UPF)值分别达到33.23和41.06,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达到95％以上,表现出优良的抗紫外线性和抗菌性能.     

织物整理剂改性氨基硅油

氨基硅油因有良好的吸附性、反应性 ,已被广泛用于纤维织物的整理。最早使用的氨基硅油可赋予织物良好的柔软性 ,但吸水性较差 ,且易黄变。随着人们对纺织品性能的要求越来越高 ,再改性氨基硅油成为开发的热点。改性的方法主要有环氧化、酰胺化、仲胺化、季铵化或混合改性等。改性后的氨基硅油对织物的柔软、平滑、透气、抗菌等性能大大改善。     

棉织物的纳米银多功能整理

以植物还原剂——金银花提取物和化学还原剂——丙三醇,分别还原硝酸银,制备了两种纳米银溶液。采用浸渍法将上述制备的纳米银溶液分别对棉织物进行功能整理。利用SEM、EDS、XRD、FTIR分析整理前后棉织物的外观形貌及结构,并探讨了整理后的棉织物的抗紫外性能、不同洗涤次数后其含银量、色差和抗菌性能的变化。结果表明,纳米银粒子主要通过范德华力吸附在棉织物纤维素的无定形区;与化学还原法相比,植物还原法制备的纳米银粒径减小了约15nm,植物还原法制备的纳米银溶液整理后的棉织物经过50次洗涤后,棉织物表面的纳米银吸附量及色差变化不大,且对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率仍旧达到99%以上,具有优异的抗菌性及良好的耐洗涤性能。另外,植物还原法制备的纳米银溶液整理后的棉织物紫外线防护系数(UPF)值达到了36.82,具有较好的抗紫外性能。     

Flame retardant finishing of the polyester/cotton blend fabric using a cross‐linkable hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer

Blend fabrics of cotton and polyester are widely used in apparel, but high flammability becomes a major obstacle for applications of those fabrics in fire protective clothing. The objective of this research was to investigate the flame retardant finishing of a 50/50 polyester/cotton blend fabric. It was discovered previously that N,N′‐dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) was able to bond a hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) onto 50/50 nylon/cotton blend fabrics. In this research, the HFPO/DMDHEU system was applied to a 50/50 polyester/cotton twill fabric. The polyester/cotton fabric treated with 36% HFPO and 10% DMDHEU achieved char length of 165 mm after 20 laundering cycles. The laundering durability of the treated fabric was attributed to the formation of polymeric cross‐linked networks. The HFPO/DMDHEU system significantly reduced peak heat release rate (PHRR) of cotton on the treated polyester/cotton blend fabric, but its effects on polyester were marginal. HFPO/DMDHEU reduced PHRR of both nylon and cotton on the treated nylon/cotton fabric. It was also discovered that the nitrogen of DMDHEU was synergistic to enhance the flame retardant performance of HFPO on the polyester/cotton fabric.     

新型整理剂的合成

以环氧氯丙烷、八氟戊醇为原料,利用八氟戊氧基对环氧氯丙烷进行取代,合成了一种新型的拒水整理剂。配制了该拒水整理剂的水乳液,并应用于棉织物的拒水整理。研究了拒水整理剂的用量、焙烘温度对拒水整理效果的影响。优化了拒水整理工艺：拒水整理剂25％（对浴比的百分比,简称owb）,乳化剂25％（质量分数,简称owm）,160℃焙烘。结果表明,用于棉织物整理时防水效果可达70分。     

Improving easy care nonformaldehyde finishing performance using polycarboxylic acids via precationization of cotton fabric

Cotton fabric were first subjected to quaternization (cationization) reaction using 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride commercially known as Quat®‐188. Cationization was carried out under different conditions for optimization of the preparation of cationized cotton with different degrees of cationization, using the pad‐batch method. Also, established was the optimal condition for cationization that involves Quat‐188/NaOH molar ratio 1/2 at 70°C for 4 h. Besides, a thorough investigation of factors affecting reaction of these cationized cotton with citric acid (CA) or 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) was carried out with a view of improving the ease of care characteristics of nonformaldehyde finishing. The dependence of fabric performance as measured by strength properties, dry wrinkle recovery angles, whiteness index, and dyeability with reactive dyes was also evaluated. It was postulated that reaction of cationized cotton with either CA or BTCA involves estercrosslinking as well as ionic crosslinking. This, indeed, was largely positively reflected on the fabric performance especially when the properties of both uncationized cotton were compared with those of the cationized cotton. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2697–2704, 2006     

UV‐protecting and antibacterial finishing of cotton knits

This article deals with enhancing the UV‐protecting properties as well as the antibacterial activity of knitted cotton fabrics against two kinds of bacteria: gram‐positive bacteria (G +ve), i.e., Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and gram‐negative bacteria (G ?ve), i.e., Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results showed that the extent of improvement in the UPF values are determined by: the fabric structure, i.e., Interlock > Pique > Parasol, pretreatment history, i.e., gray > scoured > bleached, type of softening agent, incorporation of the UV‐absorber in the softening bath as well as sequence of addition, in addition to the nature of the deposited metal‐oxide, i.e., Cu > Zr > Zn ? Al ≈ none. On the other hand, the antibacterial activities of the treated substrates against G +ve and G ?ve bacteria are outstandingly improved by using the proper: fabric structure, i.e., Parasol > Interlock > Pique, state of the untreated substrate, i.e., bleached > gray, finishing additives and regime, i.e., soft finishing (using polysiloxame softener—Adasil® SM) and UV‐protecting (using UV‐absorber, Tinofast® CEL) in one step > Tinofast® CEL‐finish > Adasil® SM‐finish > full‐bleaching, as well as deposited metal oxide, i.e., Zn > Cu > Zr > Al > none. Combined soft‐finishing and UV‐cutting as well as in situ deposition of proper metal oxides, onto and/or within the knitted substrates, options exhibited both an excellent UV‐protection and prominent antibacterial activities. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

织物整理用IPDI/PPG封端水性聚氨酯胶粘剂的合成

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)和甲乙酮肟(EMAO)为主要原料,制备封端WPU(水性聚氨酯)胶粘剂;然后采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法测得了最佳解封端温度,并以此作为焙烘温度设定的依据;最后将该WPU胶粘剂作为织物的整理剂,并对整理织物的性能进行了研究。结果表明:当R=n(-NCO)/n(-OH)=1.6、焙烘温度为150℃时,WPU胶粘剂能显著提高织物的抗皱性能和断裂强力,此时织物的折痕回复角为164.48°,经向、纬向断裂强力分别为458.33、347.67 N。     

聚合物型含氟整理剂的研究进展

综述了通用单体、合成方法及溶剂、乳化剂等在合成聚合物型含氟整理剂时存在的缺陷，介绍了用于克服这些缺陷和满足特殊需要的一些新型含氟单体、改性单体、溶剂和乳化剂，采用多步聚合得到的嵌段、接枝聚合物型含氟整理剂与无规聚合物型含氟整理剂相比有独特的优势，聚合物型含氟整理剂与有机硅整理剂、异氰酸酯等其他助剂复合是提高其性能的另外一种有效方式，指明含氟整理剂的发展沿着提高性能、降低成本和符合环保要求三个方面前进。