金矿浸出方法和浸出药剂的研究

本文介绍了当代金矿浸出的浸出方法,包括难浸金矿氰化的氧化预处理方法和非氰试剂法;同时还介绍了金的浸出药剂.     

金矿浸出方法和浸出药剂的研究

本介绍了当代金矿浸出的浸出方法，包括难浸金矿氰化的氧化预处理方法和非氰试剂法；同时还介绍了金的浸出药剂。     

细菌氧化—炭浸法处理含砷难浸金矿

崇阳金矿因金呈细粒或微细粒包裹在硫化矿中,直接氰化金浸出率很低．细菌氧化预处理可有效脱除该金矿中的砷,使被包裹金暴露,从而提高后续氰化阶段的金浸出率．炭浸可基本消除该金矿中“劫金”物质对已溶金的吸附,最高金浸出率达９０％,因而细菌氧化炭浸法是处理这类金矿的一种有效途径．     

微生物学在浸矿技术中的应用研究

叙述了生物浸出常用的多种硫杆菌的基本特征、金属硫化物细菌氧化机理、微生物浸矿的动力学研究方法及动力学模型，并探讨了生物冶金的发展方向。生物浸出利用特定微生物细菌对某些金属硫化物的氧化作用，使矿石中的金属离子溶解、富集，浸出率可达98％，堆浸-萃取-电解技术能从低品位矿石中把有价值的贵金属提取出来，取得较高的经济效益和广阔的市场前景。     

二氧化氯浸金实验研究

提出以 Cl O2 -Cl- -H2 O作为浸出剂的新的浸金方法 .通过对氧化型金矿进行的系统浸出实验 ,给出了浸出金的较佳条件 :时间 1 0 h,液固比 3∶ 1 ,p H=3,c( Na Cl) =0 .5 mol· L- 1 ,温度 4 0℃ .按照较佳条件进行的验证性实验表明 ,金的浸出率可达 95 .5 % .二氧化氯浸金工艺对环境无害 ,是一种高效率的绿色浸金工艺 .     

难选金矿细菌预处理技术理论与实践

论述了预处理难选金矿细菌的种类、来源，浸出机理，浸出工艺及工业应用实践．归纳介绍了强化难选金矿细菌浸出的措施．     

黄铜矿湿法提取铜的研究进展

综述了黄铜矿湿法冶金的最新进展,分析了各种工艺的优缺点和发展前景.分析表明：微生物浸出环境友好,但浸出周期长、浸出率低和菌种培养周期长;常压氧化浸出能耗低,但氧化剂难于再生利用;离子液体浸出尽管已取得了一定的突破,但与实现产业化的差距还较大;氨浸中氨和氧的消耗量大,产业化成本高;焙烧后再浸出的方法存在能耗高,产生大量SO₂烟气及其他有害气体的缺陷;硫化焙烧过程虽无SO₂气体产生,但须在惰性气体保护气氛中进行,产业化的局限性大;微波热活化、机械活化能选择性改变矿物相结构,活化后再进行氧压浸出、微生物浸出,或者在直接浸出过程中引入微波、超声对浸出过程进行强化,皆能在温和条件下即获得高的提取率,具有广阔的发展前景.     

湿法炼锌浸出渣的处理

研究了常规搅拌浸出及机械活化浸出方式下，温度、酸度及浸出时间等对锌焙砂酸浸渣中锌、铁浸出率的影响，考查了铁酸锌的浸出行为，试验结果表明，提高温度及酸度有利于酸浸渣中锌的浸出；机械活化浸出可明显改善铁酸的浸出行为，提高锌的浸出率，并改善锌、铁选择性浸出分离的效果，相同条件下，锌的浸 可比常规搅拌浸出提高１６－２５％。     

应用表面活性剂进行低渗透砂岩铀矿床地浸采铀的实验研究

低渗透砂岩铀矿床的地浸开采是目前的一个技术难题.以新疆某铀矿为对象,利用搅拌浸出和柱浸实验研究了表面活性剂在低渗透铀矿地浸开采中的应用.实验中采用10 g/LH2SO4溶液作溶浸剂,并加入不同量的表面活性剂P.搅拌浸出实验结果表明,溶浸液中加入不同浓度的表面活性剂均可提高铀浸出率,在表面活性剂P的浓度为10 mg/L时其铀浸出率最高,达到92.6%.柱浸实验表明,加入10 mg/L表面活性剂P时矿石渗透系数可提高28.8%,铀的浸出率可提高32%而达到85.79%.表面活性剂降低溶浸液的表面张力,促进了铀的溶解和提高铀浸出率.低渗透砂岩铀矿床可以在溶浸液中加入适当的表面活性剂进行地浸开采.     

基于通风强化浸出的矿岩散体孔裂隙双重介质结构演化

为解决羊拉铜矿非生物堆浸中铜浸出效果不佳的问题,提出了通风强化浸出的设想,以期从改善浸堆体系渗透特性方面来提高浸出效果。首先,针对现有堆浸多孔介质渗流理论在分析复杂渗流规律中的不足,提出利用堆浸散体的孔裂隙双重介质理论来研究强制通风的影响机制;然后,对该矿浸堆的矿石粒级分布情况进行了分析;最后,开展了不同通风强度下的室内柱浸实验,利用CT扫描技术分析了不同试件孔隙的发育情况,并利用电镜扫描(SEM)与分形几何理论对不同通风强度下散体颗粒表面的分形维数、动态裂隙率及动态渗透系数进行了研究。结果表明：羊拉铜矿浸堆的松散细颗粒较多,矿堆密实度较高,矿石颗粒粒级分布不合理;引入强制通风可以促进堆浸体系的孔裂隙结构发展并会对堵塞的渗流通道形成有效冲破,从而提高浸出反应程度并强化浸出液中溶质的渗流性能,最终提高矿石浸出效果。     

Processing technologies for gold-telluride ores

Gold telluride ores are important gold refractory ores due to the presence of sulfides and other gangue materials.The classification and main physical properties of gold telluride ores were described,and possible treatment methods including flotation,leaching,and oxida-tion were reviewed.The results show that flotation procedures are much easier for gold tellurides compared to other refractory gold-bearing ores.For the conventional cyanide leaching process,pretreatment such as oxidation is required to achie...     

A new extraction process of refractory gold arsenosulfide concentrates

A new hydrometallurgical process for the refractory gold arsenosulfide concentrates under normal temperature and pressure was presented. The experimental results of a refractory gold concentrate show that the total consumption of NaOH in alkaline leaching is only 40% of those theoretically calculated under the conditions of full oxidization at the same oxidation of arsenic to ar-senate and sulfur to sulfate. After alkaline leaching, cyanidation and adsorption were carried out for 24 h. The dissolution of gold by NaCN is increased to 95.3% from 12.8% before pretreatment, and meanwhile 99.3% of the adsorption of gold by activated charcoal. The consumption of NaCN for one ton ore is 10 kg, which is 1.2 times less than that before pretreatment. As it is carried out under normal temperature and pressure, the investment of installations is also decreased.     

难处理金矿浸出预处理过程的FeS2-FeAsS-H2O系电位-pH图

难处理金矿中,金为微细浸染型嵌布在黄铁矿和毒砂的晶格中而不能被充分浸出.本文通过热力学计算绘制了298.15KFeS2-FeAsS-H2O系的电位-pH图,由图可知黄铁矿和毒砂均可以被O2等氧化剂分解.FeAsS的稳定区完全包含在FeS2的稳定区范围内,说明在酸性条件下毒砂比黄铁矿的稳定性差,更容易被分解.当电位及酸度较高时,黄铁矿及毒砂中的硫以稳定的HSO4-、SO42-形式存在,而砷以H3AsO4的形式存在,表明预处理过程能够将包裹在金表面的硫化矿物解离脱除.热力学计算的结果为难处理金矿的浸出预处理过程提供了理论依据.     

Pretreatment and thiosulfate leaching of refractory gold-bearing arsenosulfide concentrates

A hydrometallurgical process for refractory gold-bearing arsenosulfide concentrates at ambient temperature and pressure was presented, including fine grinding with intensified alkali-leaching （FGIAL）, enhanced agitation alkali-leaching （EAAL）, thiosulfate leaching and displacement. Experimental results on a refractory gold concentrate showed that the total consumption of NaOH in alkaline leaching is only 41% of those theoretically calculated under the conditions of full oxidization for the same amount of arse- nides and sulfides transformed into arsenates and sulfates, and 72.3% of gold is synchro-dissoluted by thiosulfate self-generated during alkaline leaching. After alkaline leaching, thiosulfate leaching was carried out for 24 h. The dissolution of gold is increased to 91.9% from 4.6% by cyanide without the pretreatment. The displacement of gold by zinc powder in the solution gets to 99.2%. Due to an amount of thiosulfate self-generated during alkaline leaching, the reagent addition in thiosulfate leaching afterwards is lower than the normal.     

Pretreatment of copper-bearing refractory gold ores by bio-heap leaching

The refractory gold ores associated with rich copper and trapped in pyrite and quartz were studied. With conventional technique （all-sliming cyanidation）, the gold recovery rate is only 51.78%. To eliminate the negative effects of copper and pyrite on cyanidation and increase the gold recovery rate, the investigation on bio-heap leaching pretreatment was made, by which Cu would be dissolved and gold would be liberated from pyrite. The experiment adopted mixed bacteria, mainly ThiobaciUus ferrooxidan （named T.fl ）, as the bacterial catalyst for bio-preconditioning and was carried out in a PVC column with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 1.3 m loaded with gold ores. The temperature was controlled between 28 and 30℃, the pH value was kept between 2.0-2.5, and the flux of sprinkling bacterial liquid was maintained 0.80 L/h. After 45-day＇s bio-oxidization, among the samples sizing from 0 to 5 mm, the oxidation rates of Cu, Fe and S were respectively 44.62%, 28.16% and 25.46%, and the gold recovery rate by cyaniding increased to 80.35%. The bio-heap leaching pretreatment can therefore effectively dissolve Cu and liberate gold from pyrite and lead to the increase of gold extraction.     

黄铁矿伴生金回收研究进展

Pyrite is one of the most important minerals bearing gold, and also the major resource of the gold production in China. However, the gold associated with pyrite is reported to be finely disseminated in complex structure, resulting in great recovering difficulty. This article reviews the mineralogical characteristics of gold associated with pyrite, and the research progress of common physical and chemical beneficiation processes for it. The principle of each gold extraction method and its applications in the recovery of gold associated with pyrite were illuminated, the merits and demerits of each method were discussed as well from the aspects of process cost, environmental hazard and gold leaching efficiency, etc. It is pointed out that, for refractory gold associated with pyrite, developing effective pretreatment process and highly selective leaching aids will be the future research directions to improve the gold leaching efficiency.
     

ONE-STEP LEACHING OF SOME REFRACTORY GOLD CONCENTRATECONTAINING ARSENIC AND THEORY ANALYSIS

Withlarge--scaleexploitationoftheeasy--toseparateandextractgoldore,theresourcesarebecomingexhausted,whichpressespeopletoexploitandutilizerefractorygoldore.FeAsSandFeS,aremajorsulfidemineralofgoldcarrier,inwhichgoldismaceratedintheformofmicro--particle.Itisdifficulttoseparategoldtomonomersbyfinegrinding.Thiskindofgoldoreisatypicallyrefractoryore.Furthermore,FeAsSandFeS,,especiallyFeS,,aresuchstablesulfidemineralsthatsomeextremetreatment(suchashigh--temperature,high--pressureandacuteoxidant…     

微生物群落在难降解物质生物降解中的作用

分析了微生物群落在难降解物质生物降解中的重要作用．指出微生物群落可通过协调利用底物、共代谢污染物质、转移中间代谢物质等途径对难降解物质进行降解．但要获得高的去除率需对微生物群落进行优化，提高群落整体代谢活性，一般考虑成功驯化、合适的初级基质、充足的营养物质、有效的微生物群体结构等优化因子．厌氧、厌氧-好氧、限氧产甲烷系统是能对难降解物质进行有效降解的3种生态系统．     

微生物-浮选脱硫的影响因素研究

采用氧化亚铁硫杆菌，通过微生物预处理-浮选联合工艺流程，对高硫煤进行了脱硫试验，重点考察了菌种的诱导驯化、预处理时间、矿浆浓度，pH值等因素对浮选脱硫效果的影响．研究结果表明，微生物-浮选脱硫是一种高效的脱硫方法，菌种的诱导驯化、体系的pH值、矿浆浓度、预处理时间等因素对脱硫效果有着显著的影响．