协同图形编辑系统多版本动态属性锁协议研究

在协同CAD系统中,解决设计者之问的冲突检测与消解问题是实现有效并发控制机制的关键。针对协同设计中多个关联对象之间的冲突检测和消解问题,介绍协同多版本相关概念和多版本属性标记锁策略,提出一种解决对象关联操作冲突的多版本动态属性锁并发控制协议,设计实现相应的算法。该协议将多版本和对象标记锁相结合,保证了并发冲突中的用户意愿。最后,分析多版本动态属性共享锁协议的正确性,并通过实例说明协议的可用性。     

协同图形编辑系统多版本动态属性锁协议研究

在协同CAD系统中,解决设计者之间的冲突检测与消解问题是实现有效并发控制机制的关键.针对协同设计中多个关联对象之问的冲突检测和消解问题,介绍协同多版本相关概念和多版本属性标记锁策略,提出一种解决对象关联操作冲突的多版本动态属性锁并发控制协议,设计实现相应的算法.该协议将多版本和对象标记锁相结合,保证了并发冲突中的用户意愿.最后,分析多版本动态属性共享锁协议的正确性,并通过实例说明协议的可用性.     

实时协同设计系统的设计与实现

分析了基于对象的协同设计系统中操作冲突的特点，给出了冲突与相容关系及其基于逻辑时间钟的冲突检测方法和一致性保证算法。在此基础上，讨论了一个实时协同设计系统的设计方面有关的关键技术，并用一个实例验证了系统的效能。     

基于PERT图的冲突检测的研究

冲突是协同设计过程中一个不可避免的实际问题,产生的原因是协同设计环境下不同设计群体之间存在各个方面的差异性。基于以上原因,提出了一种冲突检测模型,并在此基础上提出了冲突的分类和基于PERT图的冲突检测算法,此方法通过组合不同设计者的设计方案PERT图找出他们之间存在的冲突问题,进而进行消解。最后通过实例验证此方法的有效性。     

协同编辑系统中保持共享对象一致性的研究

如何保持共享对象的一致性是实时协同设计中的核心问题。文中介绍了一种新颖的保持共享对象一致性的方法。根据协同图形编辑系统中操作冲突的特点,使用消息驱动机制,配合同步机制和冲突检测与消解机制,使得系统既能保持共享对象的一致性,又满足了实时协同设计中的响应性、因果顺序一致性,并最大限度地保持了用户的操作目的。     

协同编辑系统中保持共享对象一致性的研究

如何保持共享对象的一致性是实时协同设计中的核心问题.文中介绍了一种新颖的保持共享对象一致性的方法.根据协同图形编辑系统中操作冲突的特点,使用消息驱动机制,配合同步机制和冲突检测与消解机制,使得系统既能保持共享对象的一致性,又满足了实时协同设计中的响应性、因果顺序一致性,并最大限度地保持了用户的操作目的.     

协同设计中的并行冲突检测算法

冲突是协同设计的本质,产生的原因是协同设计环境下不同设计群体考虑问题的角度、评价标准和专业知识有所不同。提出了对等式协同设计中操作序列的一致性模型,在操作序列一致性的基础上提出了基于几何级的冲突检测算法,并在此基础上实现了系统设计冲突检测原型系统。     

基于交互式方法的飞行器短期冲突检测模型

为了提高航空器的短期冲突检测的准确性和可靠性,对传统算法与模型进行了研究,在此基础上设计了具有机动检测的交互式UKF算法,提出了短期冲突检测模型。该模型对飞行器的航迹进行了分析,然后对飞行器的冲突域检测、冲突脱离、机动检测和冲突确认进行了讨论,并根据该模型设计了冲突检测算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能够精确、实时的检测飞行器的航迹,克服了传统算法的冲突盲警告和轨迹不变问题,提高了冲突预警的准确性,为管制员提供了可靠的保障。     

实时图案协同设计中冲突问题的研究

在Internet环境中,允许多个用户同时对同一图案的任意绘图区进行设计是图案协同设计系统应满足的基本要求．然而不同设计者在协同设计过程中由于设计意图的不同而引起的操作冲突是不可避免的,因此冲突问题是图案协同设计系统的关键问题之一．着重讨论了冲突的定义,冲突的多种避免方式,提出了高效的冲突检测算法和一种能保护用户协同设计意图的冲突解决方法——基于冲突操作锁定的冲突解决方法．这些方法和算法的实现使得在分布式计算环境下协同设计的冲突问题得到了较完善的解决．     

协同CAD环境下并发控制问题的研究与解决

实时协同设计是CSCW应用的重要领域。文章在研究经典并发控制策略的基础上，重点分析了基于AutoCAD环境的实时协同设计系统的四种冲突类型；通过考虑响应时间和网络流量，提出了解决这些不同类型冲突的方案和并发控制策略，以确保多个用户对于AutoCAD对象的操作实现准实时传递，为实现原型系统打下良好的基础。     

Conflict resolution in collaborative planning dialogs

In a collaborative planning environment in which the agents are autonomous and heterogeneous, it is inevitable that discrepancies in the agents' beliefs result in conflicts during the planning process. In such cases, it is important that the agents engage in collaborative negotiation to resolve the detected conflicts in order to determine what should constitute their shared plan of actions and shared beliefs. This paper presents a plan-based model for conflict detection and resolution in collaborative planning dialogs. Our model specifies how a collaborative system should detect conflicts that arise between the system and its user during the planning process. If the detected conflicts warrant resolution, our model initiates collaborative negotiation in an attempt to resolve the conflicts in the agent's beliefs. In addition, when multiple conflicts arise, our model identifies and addresses the most effective aspect in its pursuit of conflict resolution. Furthermore, by capturing the collaborative planning process in a recursive Propose–Evaluate–Modify cycle of actions, our model is capable of handling embedded negotiation during conflict resolution.     

A negotiation methodology for multidisciplinary collaborative product design

The collaborative design of a complicated mechanical product often involves conflicting multidisciplinary objectives, thus one key problem is conflict resolution and coordination among the different disciplines. Since the characteristics such as cooperative competition, professional dependence, compromise, overall utility and so on exist in multidisciplinary collaborative design (MCD), an effective way to gradually eliminate the conflicts among the multiple disciplines and reach an agreement is the negotiation by which a compromise solution that satisfies all parties is got. By comprehensively analyzing the characteristics in MCD and considering the benefit equilibrium among discipline individuals and team, a negotiation strategy is presented, which maximize the union satisfaction degree of system overall objective under the premise of ensuring the higher satisfaction degree level of each discipline’s local objective. A design action of a discipline is abstractly expressed as a concession in the negotiation strategy, and a negotiation model used for MCD is generated by establishing the relation between concession and satisfaction degree. By the relation between satisfaction degree and objective function, the mapping relationship between satisfaction degree domain and physical domain is built to get the design solution. A negotiation process is planned, and a negotiation system framework is designed to support the negotiation among multiple disciplines and assist the different disciplines rapidly reach a consistent compromise solution. A design example of automotive friction clutch is given to illustrate the proposed method.     

Approximate resolution of asynchronous conflicts among sequential collaborations in dynamic virtual environments

Asynchronous collaboration for a networked virtual environment (NVE) has emerged as a promising area in collaborative computer‐aided design applications. The concept of asynchronous collaboration is a sequential collaboration of temporal processes in an NVE where the participants are not required to be present at the time of the collaboration. Conflicts in asynchronous collaboration occur because the preceding task of a participant can influence the output of the ensuing task of another participant. The conflicted tasks must be modified manually. However, it requires considerable time and effort to resolve conflicts in a sequential collaboration. In this paper, we present an asynchronous collaborative framework that converts the conflict states of the shared objects into approximately resolved states. We develop a novel approximate resolution algorithm using a task‐based modeling mechanism to resolve the asynchronous conflicts with their corresponding tasks. Moreover, we propose a visual relation editor for convenient management. The participants can set flexible relations among shared objects using the proposed visual editor. The proposed approximate resolution approach can significantly reduce the average resolution time and the number of required manual task resolutions in a virtual environment compared to a manual resolution approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于角色和时序式的虚拟协同设计冲突解决机制研究

针对虚拟协同设计中的设计冲突问题,提出了基于角色和时序式的协同设计冲突解决机制。在分析虚拟协同设计环境特点的基础上,根据冲突产生的原因将其划分为不同的种类。对协同设计中的冲突行为进行建模,引入模糊数学中隶属度的概念来表示不同角色的优先级,并通过矩阵运算来确定角色对模型的操作权。介绍了角色的管理及变更机制,在虚拟协同设计环境中得到了应用验证。     

On resolving schematic heterogeneity in multidatabase systems

The objective of a multidatabase system is to provide a single uniform interface to accessing multiple independent databases being managed by multiple independent, and possibly heterogeneous, database systems. One crucial element in the design of a multidatabase system is the design of a data definition language for specifying a schema that represents the integration of the schemas of multiple independent databases. The design of such a language in turn requires a comprehensive classification of the conflicts (i.e., discrepancies) among the schemas of the independent databases and development of techniques for resolving (i.e., homogenizing) all of the conflicts in the classification. An earlier paper provided a comprehensive classification of schematic conflicts that may arise when integrating multiple independent relational database (RDB) schemas into a single multidatabase (MDB) schema. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive classification of techniques for resolving the schematic conflicts that may arise when integrating multiple RDB schemas, or RDB schemas and object-oriented database (OODB) schemas, or multiple OODB schemas. The classification of conflict resolution techniques includes not only those necessary for resolving schematic conflicts identified in the earlier paper, but also additional conflicts that arise when OODBs become part of the databases to be integrated. Most of the conflict resolution techniques discussed in the paper have already been incorporated into SQL/M, a multidatabase language implemented in UniSQL/M, a commercially available multidatabase system from UniSQL, Inc. which integrated SQL-based relational database systems and the UniSQL/X unified relational and object-oriented database system.     

Towards a framework to manage formalised exchanges during collaborative design

New organizational frameworks for companies dealing with product development are required for the new market rules as for the rising pressure and complexity in product and process development. Thus, the new stake is to examine new methods of leading design activities as the cooperative design that deals with the sharing of various interests and resources among various actors, with the aim of reaching a common purpose. The latter lay on the development of products by means of knowledge sharing and interactions with a certain level of coordination between these varied activities. Embedded into the IPPOP research project perspectives, this paper focus on the particular collaborative situation of conflict management occurring during design activities. From an analysis of the conflict management domain, we shall specify a collaborative design framework dedicated to conflict handling thanks to one specification method based on the UML language. The specified solving process is applied on a real-life industrial case: a windmill stator sheet design. The design context of the artefact is exposed and the met conflicts are explained. Extracts of IPPOP demonstrator's graphical user interfaces, illustrating these collaborative aspects of the software application are then presented. They show the ability of the demonstrator to run the conflict solving process and to subscribe relevant actors in this process as well as filers to track pertinent past solutions suitable for the current problem.     

协同设计中的冲突体系及解决方法研究

对冲突在协同设计中所处的时期、层次及冲突属性三个维度进行了分析,并据此构建了一个协同设计冲突体系,在设计理念、应用、系统三个层次上对冲突的表现和导致的后果进行了说明。指出了冲突之间的关系在冲突解决问题上的重要性,在此基础上给出了一个面向冲突体系的冲突解决策略,这一策略能够更好地应对协同设计中冲突的复杂性和动态性,最后给出了关键算法的实现。