Fe3+掺杂TiO2纳米粉体的制备及性能

为了研究Fe3+掺杂TiO2纳米粉体的制备工艺及性能,选取Fe3+掺杂量、浓硝酸、冰醋酸、煅烧温度等因素设计正交实验,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe3+掺杂TiO2纳米粉体,通过拉曼光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜等检测技术对粉体性能进行表征。结果表明,与溶胶-凝胶法制备的纯TiO2纳米粉体相对比,Fe3+掺杂TiO2纳米粉体的X射线衍射峰强度降低,晶粒细化,拉曼光谱谱峰宽化、蓝移;对甲基橙溶液的降解实验表明Fe3+掺杂TiO2纳米粉体光催化活性明显提高。     

纳米粉体材料的研究及应用

介绍了纳米粉体材料的基本制备方法及其技术特点,着重阐述了纳米粉体材料制备中的溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、模板合成法和沉淀法的最新研究状况,结合最新的文献论述了纳米粉体材料的几种典型的表征方法,对纳米粉体材料的应用领域及其发展前景进行了总结,并讨论了目前纳米粉体制备技术中存在的问题.     

ZAO纳米粉体的制备及其在红外隐身中的应用研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了铝掺杂氧化锌(ZAO)纳米粉体.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了Al2O3掺杂对ZnO物相结构和晶粒度的影响,结果表明,Al离子的掺杂并没改变ZnO的晶体结构,Al抖对Zn2 的替位掺杂使晶格发生畸变,衍射角偏离,随Al离子掺杂浓度的增加,晶体的平均粒径减小.对ZAO纳米粉体样品的红外吸收特性分析表明:随Al离子掺杂浓度的增加,红外吸收出现蓝移.理论分析得出适当调节ZAO栽流子浓度可以制备低红外发射率材料.     

纳米ZnO中Al的掺杂及其在水溶液中光催化性能的研究

分别用热物理法制备ZnO、掺Al/Zno和光化学反应沉积制备掺Al/ZnO的纳米粉体材料,采用XRD,TEM等手段研究了ZnO超微粒子结构与形貌.在Al掺杂ZnO纳米晶的水相体系中,通过吸光度、脱色率的测定证实了Al掺杂有效的改善了ZnO对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解性能.Al掺杂ZnO纳米晶较普通氧化锌有更好的光催化活性.效果最好的是热物理法掺Al/ZnO对亚甲基蓝的降解.     

金属掺杂介孔氧化锆的合成与表征

采用直接合成法在非水溶剂中成功合成了分别由锌、镁等元素掺杂改性的介孔氧化锆分子筛,并用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD等方法对其进行表征,还考察了影响合成的一些因素。结果表明,金属元素能够均匀地掺杂于介孔氧化锆的晶体骨架中。金属的掺入增加了介孔材料的热稳定性,但其骨架有所收缩,降低了有序度;络合剂三乙醇胺的加入增加了材料的热稳定性;模板剂P123的使用增加了介孔分子筛的有序度;金属的掺杂使得介孔分子筛制备的固体超强酸的酸位增多,酸度增强。     

电爆炸法制备纳米粉体材料的研究进展

电爆炸方法是制备高纯度纳米粉体材料的新技术,具有能量转化率高、工艺参数调整方便、通用性强的特征。本文分析了电爆炸制备纳米粉体材料的机制,并对近年来国内外在电爆炸法制备纳米粉体材料技术方面的研究进行了评述。在制备非金属纳米材料方面重点阐述了电爆炸法在制备碳纳米材料方面的研究进展,提出了进一步研究的建议。     

氧化物电解池阳极用铁酸镧粉体的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶自蔓延法合成锶掺杂铁酸镧粉体,在此基础上制备锶掺杂铁酸镧与钇稳定的氧化锆的复合材料,并研究该材料应用于固体氧化物电解池阳极的各方面性能。通过X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜等手段,研究该材料的化学稳定性及微观结构。通过动电位扫描研究了该阳极材料的电化学性能。透射电镜分析显示:以该方法制备得到的锶掺杂铁酸镧粉体粒径在20～50nm之间,颗粒形状较为规则。扫描电镜结果显示:经过1200℃、2h的烧结后,复合阳极与电解质结合紧密,阳极材料内部孔隙均匀,钇稳定的氧化锆与锶掺杂铁酸镧两相各自形成连通的网络结构。对锶掺杂铁酸镧-钇稳定的氧化锆阳极复合材料的电化学性能及热循环稳定性进行了研究,结果显示复合阳极表现出较高的电催化活性以及较好的耐热循环稳定性。     

低温煅烧溶胶-凝胶法制备BaTiO3基纳米粉体

实验着重研究了凝胶煅烧工艺制度对通过柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备复合掺杂的BaTiO3基粉体,制备纳米粉体的影响.最终确定了600℃为最佳煅烧温度,在此低温下煅烧干凝胶,并保温1h,再经二次掺杂混磨得到了晶粒细小、分散性好、低团聚的BaTiO3基纳米粉体.     

N掺杂介孔TiO_2纳米粉体的制备

以聚乙二醇400为表面活性剂、二乙醇胺为抑制剂,采用蒸发诱导自组装法(EISA)制备了介孔TiO2纳米粉体,并利用尿素为掺杂剂通过固相反应制备出高活性N掺杂介孔TiO2纳米粉体.利用XRD、FE-SEM、TG-DSC等方法对粉体的物相和形貌进行分析表征.结果表明,合成的粉体尺寸分布均匀、纯度高、具有均匀分布的介孔网状结构;N掺杂使介孔TiO2纳米粉体的UV-Vis光吸收曲线产生红移.     

锑掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉体的改性及在涂料中的应用

利用硅烷偶联剂、醇、油酸钠及自制高分子表面活性剂对锑掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉体(ATO)进行表面处理,研究了不同改性剂对粉体分散性的影响.以改性纳米ATO分散浆料和水性聚氨酯为原料,采用共混法制备了纳米复合涂料,并对其隔热性及基本性能进行测试.TEM及离心实验表明,ATO粉体经自制高分子表面活性剂或硅烷偶联剂改性后,分散性明显提高.性能测试表明:ATO粉体的加入能显著提高涂膜硬度及隔热性.     

Zirconia nanoceramic via redispersion of highly agglomerated nanopowder and spark plasma sintering

A 2.7 mol% yttria stabilizing tetragonal zirconia (2.7Y-TZP) nanopowder was synthesized and stored for five years. Humidity and unsatisfactory storage conditions gradually caused heavy agglomeration. Within a few months, 2.7Y-TZP nanopowder became useless for any technological application. A bead-milling deagglomeration technique was applied to recover the heavily agglomerated yttria-stabilized zirconia nanopowder. Low-temperature sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS) were performed, resulting in fully dense nanostructured ceramics. Compacts formed with heavily agglomerated powder present low sinterability and poor mechanical properties. Bead-milling suspension formed compacts exhibit mechanical properties in the range of the values reported for nanostructured zirconia. This observation confirms the effectiveness of bead-milling in the deagglomeration of highly agglomerated nanopowders. The high value of Vickers hardness of 13.6 GPa demonstrates the success of the processing technique for recovering long-time-stored oxide nanopowders.     

燃料电池YSZ薄膜凝胶-流延成型的制备研究

结合流延法和凝胶法的优点,形成了水溶液丙烯酰胺体系的凝胶－流延成型方法。以固相含量为５４ｖｏｌ％的ＹＳＺ 体为浆料,利用此方法制备了厚度小、致密度高、气孔少的固体电解质ＺｒＯ２薄片,并从粉体特性、分散剂和ｐＨ值对悬浮体性能的影响、素坯及烧结体密度等多角度探讨了工艺的特点。研究表明与干压法、流延法相比,用凝胶－流延成型的薄片成型的薄片致密度高,气孔少、适合制备固体电解质ＹＳＺ薄膜。     

氧化锆前驱体草酸氧锆的制备和表征

氧化锆膜是目前研究和应用得最多的无机陶瓷膜之一，本文报道了一种制备氧化锆膜前驱体的方法，并用ＸＲＤ、ＴＧＡ，ＤＴＡ和ＳＥＭ等手段鉴定描述了这各前驱体的粉体特征及其在热处理过程中怕发生的成分，相态变化，实验表明用这种方法制备的草酸氧锆干凝胶具有触变的特性，是制备氧化锆膜的一种经济实用的前驱体。     

水热介质pH值对纳米(Ce)ZrO_2晶粒制备的影响

用水热法制得纳米 (Ce)ZrO2 粉体 ,其晶粒粒度为 3～ 7nm ,而且为单一分散。用XRD、TEM分析了水热媒介pH值对粒度、m相含量、晶粒形貌的影响关系。结果表明 :水热煤介 pH值增大 ,ZrO2 晶粒也增大 ;pH值减小至酸性时 ,ZrO2 晶粒中出现部分m相 ,且晶粒易团聚     

水热介质pH值对纳米(Ce)ZrO2晶粒制备的影响

用水热法制得纳米 (Ce)ZrO2 粉体 ,其晶粒粒度为 3～ 7nm ,而且为单一分散。用XRD、TEM分析了水热媒介pH值对粒度、m相含量、晶粒形貌的影响关系。结果表明 :水热煤介 pH值增大 ,ZrO2 晶粒也增大 ;pH值减小至酸性时 ,ZrO2 晶粒中出现部分m相 ,且晶粒易团聚     

纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体的低温制备及反应机理研究

采用引入有机添加剂的低温超强碱法制备出纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体.采用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜对粉体物相组成和微观结构进行了分析.结果表明,有机添加剂-低温超强碱法在反应初期氧化锆晶核就已经形成,这与普通的湿化学法显著不同;同时有机添加剂的引入,在反应开始就减少了粉体的团聚,利于获得分散性好的高质量粉体;所制备的粉体具有粒度小、粒度均匀和分散性好等特点;该方法具有低温高效节能的特点.     

Yttria Tetragonal Zirconia Biomaterials:Kinetic Investigation

The low temperature aging behavior of polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia was investigated to explore the effects on phase transformation occurring during the process.XRD analysis was conducted for the phase identification and the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation was determined.The aging of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals doped with 3 mol% Y2O3 triggers tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation on the surface of the specimen only,while the penetration inside the bulk of the specimen is very limited.A slight decrease in the mechanical properties was also observed after aging for 40 h.The transformation kinetics show a nucleation and growth mechanism on the specimen surface to be dominant in the low temperature aging in water environment.     

Preparation of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Ceramics for Optical Ferrule

Yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics are considered to be one of the most important ceramic materials for use in structural applications, because of the high strength and toughness of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals. In this work, in order to prepare dense and compact yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia body after sintering at 1400°C, we used various raw materials with different particle properties, such as crystallinity, particle size distribution, and particle shape. Crystallinity and tetragonal percentage of the sintered samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Microstructure of the sintered samples was evaluated by field emission-scanning electron microscopy.     

Preparation and thermal evolution of sol-gel derived transparent ZrO2 and MgO-ZrO2 gel monolith

Transparent gel monoliths of pure and MgO-doped zirconia having dopant concentrations in the range 0 to 15 mol % were prepared by chemical polymerization of zirconium n-propoxide and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate using 2-methoxy ethanol as solvent. The thermal evolution of amorphous gels was studied by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The crystallization of pure and doped zirconia gels occurred in the temperature range 360 to 450° C. The first crystalline phase to appear is tetragonal for pure and 2 mol % doped zirconia, and cubic for 3 to 15 mol % doped samples. Both crystallization and decomposition temperatures are found to increase with increasing dopant concentration, approaching a saturation value for 10 mol % doped samples. It has been established that the transformation of the cubic to the monoclinic phase takes place via a metastable tetragonal phase. A linear relationship between the lattice parameter of cubic zirconia and MgO concentration has been established. X-ray diffraction studies have also revealed that the entire amount of MgO used in preparing doped zirconia gels remains in a single MgO-ZrO₂ crystalline phase formed initially by thermal treatment.[/p]     

Short- and Long-Range Order in Ytterbium-Doped Zirconia

Inorganic Materials - Raman spectra of zirconia doped with 10, 20, and 25% ytterbia have been measured using light sources with wavelengths of 785 and 532 nm. A number of bands have been shown to...