燃料油植物开发利用现状与发展策略探讨

介绍了国内外燃料油植物开发利用现状及在我国发展燃料油植物资源的重大意义,提出并分析了燃料油植物开发利用过程中的存在问题及今后的发展方向,有待于引起国内外专家的进一步关注和开发研究.     

我国主要木本燃料油植物的研究概况与发展建议

基于能源贮量的不断减少和能源需求量日益增加的现实,开发生物质燃料油是解决我国石化能源短缺的重要途径.本文介绍了木本燃料油植物资源的分布概况,叙述了我国木本燃料油植物的开发利用现状,并对今后发展我国生物质燃料油产业提出一些建议.     

生态能源林——未来生物质燃料油原料基地

为了满足生物质燃料油生产对原料的需要,对中国适合作生物质燃料油原料的主要木本植物资源进行全面普查.提出中国主要生物质燃料油木本植物资源的分布、生长及可利用状况,在资源集中地区建立起主要生物质燃料油木本植物资源基地;进行优良类型的选育并对其生物学特性、经济性状进行研究,建立起良种繁育基地.该项研究不仅在生物质燃料油木本能源植物的研究特别是良种选育上填补了该研究领域的空白,为生物质燃料油生产提供了新的资源,而且对加快生物质燃料油产业化的进程起到明显的促进作用.     

我国食用香料植物的分布

<正>我国幅员辽阔,植物生态环境多样,许多原产于热带地区和欧洲的食用香料,在我国都有引种,且有些产量很大。食用香料植物资源主要有来自印度、斯里兰卡等热带地区的辛香料植物和来自南部欧洲、中亚温     

海南岛能源植物资源及其利用潜力

作者根据在过去近30年的调查研究资料,汇总了海南岛38科67属88种生物能源植物资源的基本情况.对这些能源植物在种子、种仁、果实、树叶或茎/根的含油(或碳氢化合物)部位及含油率,在工业和民用方面的用途进行分析.着重对麻疯树、绿玉树、油楠、硬核、牛角瓜5种有开发价值的种类进行分述,分析了这5个种类在海南岛的生态适应性和作为油料潜在的利用价值.最后,对海南热带地区生物能源的产业发展提出了建议:1)摸清海南岛热带野生生物能源植物资源种类和储量;2)筛选优良种质品系;3)开展栽培技术的研究;4)建立产业化基地.     

板兰香的引种及其资源开发评价

露蔸科露蔸属植物板兰香 (Pandanusamaryfollius)是一种亚洲热带地区的食用调味植物 ,我国未见分布。实验表明板兰香适应我国南部酸性赤红壤 ,但因受温度限制 ,仅适合在我国亚热带南缘至热带区域推广。板兰香的香味成份主要为水溶性物质 ,用 75 %的食用酒精浸提效果较好 ,浸提液可作为新型的香原料     

探索热带地区海绵体建设的方向——以三亚市为例

随着各地海绵城市建设理念的不断深入,城市发展的方向也愈来愈趋向于与生态建设同步。三亚市作为热带沿海城市,在2015年被确立为唯一的"双修""双城"地级市试点城市。它秉持海绵城市建设理念,进行了生态修复、治理内涝、黑臭整治、老城区改造等多项具体措施,取得了一定的成效。本文以三亚市海绵城市建设的相关案例为基础,总结案例经验、分析热带地区海绵体建设的个性和共性,从排涝系统建设、海绵设施植物选型以及河道景观改造提升这三个方面探索热带地区海绵体建设的新方向。     

船舶燃料油发展浅析

分析了国内外船舶燃料油的市场状况和特点，变化趋势，介绍了船舶燃料油的生产方法，条件。以及船舶燃料油的分类方法、质量标准及阐述了中国石化生产船舶燃料油的有利     

热带农作物废弃物制备天然纳米纤维素的研究进展

我国热带地区的农业生产过程中会产生大量的农作物废弃物,其中大部分被直接遗弃在田间,带来了严重的环境问题。热带农作物中含有丰富的纤维素,是制备天然纳米纤维素的重要原料之一。利用热带农作物废弃物制备纳米纤维素的方法有物理法,化学法,生物法等,但都存在一定的缺陷。文章主要介绍利用热带农作物废弃物制备纳米纤维素的研究现状,分析目前的制备工艺的优缺点,为热带农作物及其废弃物的高值化应用提供参考。     

近年燃料油市场回顾与展望

回顾了2004年国内外燃料油的价格走势,阐述了2004年国内燃料油供需形势及消费结构,在此基础上分析了2005年国内外燃料油的价格变化原因,并对未来国内燃料油的需求进行了展望。     

生物质热裂解和化学液化制燃料油技术现状及展望

综述了目前国内、外生物质转化为燃料油的研究状况.重点介绍了生物质热裂解液化、化学液化、生物质与煤共液化所采用的工艺路线和技术现状及制备的液化产物的性质.并详细介绍了对液化产物精制成燃料油所采用的技术路线.指出了目前生物质制备燃料油的技术难点和发展方向.     

Comparative analysis of CO2 and SO2 emissions between combined and conventional cycles with natural gas and fuel oil consumption over the Spanish thermal power plants

The concern over ‘global warming’ and ‘acid rain’, stands out the possibility of re-converting fuel-oil boilers into natural gas, because SO₂ emissions would be almost annulled but also because it would mean a great decreasing of ‘carbon’ in the fuel matrix, reducing also CO₂ emissions. Another important fact is the progressive substitution of conventional power plant schemes for combined cycles, due mainly to their higher efficiency. In this paper, a comparison (in terms of emissions) was carried out between both cycles for natural gas and fuel-oil consumption over a representative Spanish thermal power plant. Finally, a comparison with experimental values has been performed.     

Outlook on fertilizer use efficiency in the tropics

In this paper efficiency of applied fertilizers under tropical conditions is examined. Understanding of the fertilizer efficiency is particularly important for the developing countries mainly because there is need for enhancement of crop yields at a reduced cost. Many of the soil, plant and climatic factors of the tropical regions that contribute to the efficiency of the applied fertilizers have been discussed. Many of the tropical soils are acidic in nature and in these soils efficiency of applied fertilizer is relatively poor, mainly because plant roots are unable to grow and function to their fullest extent in utilizing the soils available nutrients. To enhance yield potentials there is need for understanding of interaction between crop species and soil and climatic variables. Incorporation and adoptation of a suitable application time can greatly enhance efficiency of urea form of nitrogen. Research findings in tropical soils have shown that an initial broadcast application of P and subsequent band treatment is more effective than either method of application alone. Current crop yields in tropical countries are far below the known yield potentials. Such low production potentials are attributed to the lack of suitable crop germplasms and understanding of improved agronomic practices. Intensification of research activities in fertilizer use efficiency in tropical countries is suggested.Senior author formerly was a Research Advisor to EMBRAPA/IICA/World Bank Program in Brazil.     

高压水射流清洗技术在核蒸汽发生器清洗中的应用

介绍了高压水射流清洗技术在核电站的应用特点,以及高压水射流清洗技术在我国各核电站的应用情况,并指出今后高压水射流清洗技术在该领域发展的方向。     

Metabolomics Analyses Reveal Metabolites Affected by Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria in Roots of the Halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (common ice plant) is an edible halophyte. However, if ice plants are used to phytoremediate salinity soil, there are problems of slow initial growth, and a long period before active NaCl uptake occurs under higher salinity conditions. Application of endophytic bacteria may improve the problem, but there remain gaps in our understanding of how endophytic bacteria affect the growth and the biochemical and physiological characteristics of ice plants. The aims of this study were to identify growth-promoting endophytic bacteria from the roots of ice plants and to document the metabolomic response of ice plants after application of selected endophytic bacteria. Two plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria were selected on the basis of their ability to promote ice plant growth. The two strains putatively identified as Microbacterium spp. and Streptomyces spp. significantly promoted ice plant growth, at 2-times and 2.5-times, respectively, compared with the control and also affected the metabolome of ice plants. The strain of Microbacterium spp. resulted in increased contents of metabolites related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and photosynthesis. The effects of salt stress were alleviated in ice plants inoculated with the endobacterial strains, compared with uninoculated plants. A deeper understanding of the complex interplay among plant metabolites will be useful for developing microbe-assisted soil phytoremediation strategies, using Mesembryanthemum species.     

Ocean thermal energy and desalination

In 1881, the French physicist d'Arsonval was the first to suggest the harnessing of the temperature difference between the warm surface layers and cold deep layers of tropical oceans. Since then, several attempts have been made to convert this undepletable supply of thermal potential energy into mechanical energy and, later, into electricity. In recent years, various countries including France have launched thermal energy conversion (OTEC) programmes. Tropical regions with useful temperature differences often lack both conventional energy resources and potable water. In such regions, OTEC plants could be used with advantage for the simultaneous production of power and desalinated seawater.An original seawater distillation scheme using surface water and the cold reject stream from an OTEC cycle is discussed. Power not required for distillation may be exported outside the plant. The combined distillation and OTEC scheme is compared with conventional desalination plant producing both potable water and electricity. The OTEC scheme appears highly flexible and shows considerable economic promise.     

湖南省林木生物质能科研和产业化现状与展望

阐述了湖南省发展林木生物质能的组织管理经验、基础和优势,重点概述和分析了燃料油植物和生物柴油领域的科研和产业化现状.根据湖南省气候和资源特点,提出了湖南省发展生物质能总体规划的设想.总结分析指出,湖南省发展林木生物质能应以生物质原料为基础,重点发展生物柴油为主导产品的生物质液体燃料油(含燃料乙醇)与农林废弃物气化发电和农林废弃物颗粒混煤发电.生物质能资源培育不与人争粮争油,不与粮油作物争地,通过生物技术和常规技术选育出高产、抗旱,耐瘠的专用型能源植物品种.     

对煤矿办电基本方针的认识

为促进我国电力事业的发展，在发电与供电行业应引入公平竞争机制。煤矿办电应从实际出发，采取多种措施如合资、参股等形式，降低电厂造价和发电成本，使电厂具有竞争力。在条件适宜地区发展坑口电站。     

Nitrogen behavior in tropical wetland rice soils. 2. The efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen,priming effect and A-values

Results of tracer pot experiments show that in tropical wetland rice soils, rice plants recovered 50–69% of applied fertilizer N in the first cropping, 7–12% in the second cropping and 1–4% in the third cropping. Recovery of fertilizer N in the presence of incorporated rice straw was decreased to 45–53% (first cropping), 9–12% (second cropping), and 3–5% (third cropping), respectively. Application of fertilizer N resulted in the increase in plant uptake of native soil nitrogen due to priming effect which valued 3–29% of total N uptake by the rice plants. A-values calculated show overestimated amounts of available soil N in relation to plant uptake of native soil N. Perhaps their use in assessing fertilizer requirement in tropical wetland rice soils would be of limited meaning.