工作流建模技术综述及其研究趋势

随着工作流管理系统(业务流程管理系统)的广泛使用,工作流技术受到了越来越多的重视;与此相应,工作流建模技术的研究也受到了人们的重视。由于工作流模型在工作流技术中的核心地位,工作流建模技术得到了广泛的研究,出现了各种各样的建模技术。分析和讨论11种主流的工作流建模技术,并按照提出的分类标准对它们进行分类;对其中的某些建模技术,给出了它们核心的图形化的符号,并利用开源工具画出了它们的工作流模型例子。最后给出了工作流建模技术的研究热点和研究趋势。     

不同的管理侧面

企业和制造资源规划“TEEMS企业和制造资源规划”以MRPII为基本原理,综合吸收JIT、企业资源规划(ERP)、供应链管理(SCM)、价值链管理、APS等管理理论,运用工作流技术,实现企业动态建模。“TEEMS企业和制造资源规划”不仅通过企业内部资源的管理实现物流、资金流、信息流的统一,还将外部资源作为企业的重要资源管理,并与企业内     

基于Pi演算和EECA规则的跨组织工作流建模研究

针对跨组织环境下的工作流形式化建模技术的不足问题,提出了一种基于Pi演算和EECA(Extended-ECA)规则的跨组织工作流建模方法.将ECA规则在时间上进行扩展,解决了ECA规则在描述与时间相关的复杂过程时能力不足问题.利用Pi演算技术,对跨组织的本地工作流的协同方式进行了形式化描述.分析了协同模型及其执行过程,并给出了一个应用实例验证了提出的模型具有较好的柔性,可以有效用于本地工作流间的协同工作,并且适合于对分布式协同环境下的工作流进行建模.     

面向对象的工作流建模工具的设计与实现

在工作流技术和方法的基础上,深入研究了WfMC工作流参考模型、工作流常用建模方法和过程定义语言,采用面向对象的建模方法对工作流进行建模,最后结合实例验证了设计器在处理复杂的工作流过程中具有一定的应用价值,从而为今后工作流的动态执行模型的建立打下了良好的基础.     

基于办公自动化系统的工作流模型与算法设计

随着计算机科学的飞速发展,大多数企事业单位都实施了办公自动化系统(OA)。而工作流技术是实现业务过程管理自动化的核心技术。通过对业务流程建模和业务流程实体的建模分析,设计了基于Petri网办公自动化系统的工作流原型系统。在现有Petri网和WF-net理论的基础上,设计了工作流实现算法,研究并建立了办公自动化系统的精简工作流模型。     

一个结构化的工作流模型建模方法

工作流技术在过去的几年一直是研究领域的一个热点。工作流建模是该技术中的重点。一个定义的很理想的工作流模型可以使得工作流系统有效的运行。因此如何确保工作流模型的正确性和一致性是工作流建模过程中的关键问题。对工作流的建模采用了一种结构化的方法。就象现代结构化编程的工作方式，用以避免建模过程中各种各样的错误。将对该思想的产生、对错误的更正以及对模型的表述进行说明。     

基于Web Service的工作流过程模型研究

工作流管理和WebService都是新兴的技术，正是将这两项技术结合起来运用于工作流过程建模上。首先分析了现有模型的弊端，接着简要介绍了WebService及其核心技术——Web服务流语言(WSFL)，在此基础上提出了一个工作流过程元模型，该模型由流程、活动、活动依赖三部分组成，重点介绍了流程建模的情况，同时也给出了另外两个部分的设计和说明。     

基于Petri网的工作流管理系统的设计与开发

工作流管理技术是一种过程建模和过程管理的核心技术,它可以应用在很多业务管理系统中。本文介绍了工作流的概念、建模方法、模型验证方法和Bossa开源引擎,描述工作流管理系统从建模到实现的具体方法。     

基于Petri网和角色的流程再造研究

该文结合角色和Petri网等相关技术进行工作流过程建模,并以此模型对工作流进行重构优化,包括角色动态分配,过程优化。建模不仅增强了工作流模型的全面性,还提高了工作流模型的柔性,更加适合企业流程再造。     

基于Petri网的工作流过程建模

业务过程建模是整个工作流管理系统的基础,选择一种高效的建模技术对复杂多变的实际业务流程进行形式化表示对构建一个灵活的工作流管理系统起着至关重要的作用。本文利用了Petri网技术给业务过程建模,构造了一个灵活可分析的过程模型：首先介绍了相关的基于Petri网的工作流建模技术,接着描述了Petri网到工作流过程模型执行的映 射,然后给出了一个具体的基于Petri网建模方式的实例,最后利用随机Petri网和概率论的一些知识对该模型进行了时间性能分析。     

面向供应链管理的企业应用集成技术选择模型

供应链信息系统的集成对于提高供应链管理水平至关重要,企业应用集成(EnterpriseApplicationIntegration,EAI)技术的出现对供应链信息系统的集成提供了一个新的解决方案。论文通过对供应链集成系统的分类和EAI技术的分析,提出了选择适用于不同类型系统的EAI技术的模型,通过该模型的应用,减少了企业在选择供应链信息系统集成技术时的不确定性,为有效地集成供应链信息系统提供了切实可行的方法和途径。     

MOD2-SCM: A model-driven product line for software configuration management systems

ContextSoftware Configuration Management (SCM) is the discipline of controlling the evolution of large and complex software systems. Over the years many different SCM systems sharing similar concepts have been implemented from scratch. Since these concepts usually are hard-wired into the respective program code, reuse is hardly possible.ObjectiveOur objective is to create a model-driven product line for SCM systems. By explicitly describing the different concepts using models, reuse can be performed on the modeling level. Since models are executable, the need for manual programming is eliminated. Furthermore, by providing a library of loosely coupled modules, we intend to support flexible composition of SCM systems.MethodWe developed a method and a tool set for model-driven software product line engineering which we applied to the SCM domain. For domain analysis, we applied the FORM method, resulting in a layered feature model for SCM systems. Furthermore, we developed an executable object-oriented domain model which was annotated with features from the feature model. A specific SCM system is configured by selecting features from the feature model and elements of the domain model realizing these features.ResultsDue to the orthogonality of both feature model and domain model, a very large number of SCM systems may be configured. We tested our approach by creating instances of the product line which mimic wide-spread systems such as CVS, GIT, Mercurial, and Subversion.ConclusionThe experiences gained from this project demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to model-driven software product line engineering. Furthermore, our work advances the state of the art in the domain of SCM systems since it support the modular composition of SCM systems at the model rather than the code level.     

Supply chain management information systems capabilities. An exploratory study of electronics manufacturers

Supply Chain Management Information Systems (SCM IS) play an increasingly critical role in the ability of firms to reduce costs and increase the responsiveness of their supply chain. This paper develops an empirically supported model of the organizational capabilities enabled by SCM IS. The model integrates and enriches theoretical and empirical studies of competitive strategy, supply chain management, and interorganizational information systems. Evidence from an exploratory case study of three large firms in the electronics manufacturing industry is examined to build a better-supported theory of SCM IS capabilities. The findings suggest the organizational capabilities enabled by SCM IS can be conceptualized as the level of support provided for: operational efficiency; operational flexibility; internal planning and analysis; and external planning and analysis. The theoretical model furthers an understanding of SCM IS capabilities and is sufficiently developed to permit operationalization for future studies evaluating the effectiveness of SCM IS.     

基于服务协作中间件的动态流程模型

新兴的面向服务体系结构正在加速软件的发展和变化,无法适应动态环境的应用将逐渐失去作用,尤其对那些面临着需求频繁变更的业务流程管理系统而言更是如此.为了响应这种现实需求,基于Web服务和业务流程管理技术,提出了服务协作中间件(service cooperation middleware,简称SCM)模型,探讨了其内部机理与协作流程元模型的形式化.通过引入模型转换,扩充流程状态空间,定义了动态流程模型,动态流程的结构重构和行为自适应可以借助SCM的反射能力得以实现.针对SCM模型,设计了流程虚拟机(prrocess virtual machine,简称PVM),流程在运行时由PVM控制执行.借助于模型驱动机制,业务流程可从设计到运行不断地进行模型变换.由此建立的业务流程能够更灵活、更广泛地适用于各种开放环境,提升企业分布计算.     

基于SOA的汽车SCM设计与实现

为了快速、便捷地实现汽车SCM中各异构实体间的信息交互和信息共享、提高构建汽车SCM的IT基础架构的灵活性、降低企业软件成本,提出了基于SOA的汽车SCM实现模型.充分利用SOA的松耦合性、独立性和与平台无关性等特点,在重用汽车SCM领域现有业务逻辑和数据模型的基础上,对汽车SCM的核心环节进行组织再造和业务流程再造.基于SOA的汽车SCM系统打通了汽车企业信息共享的瓶颈,为满足汽车主机厂JIT供给提供了信息支撑平台,它是在确保汽车企业当前的短期效益与永久改善IT环境之间的一个完美平衡点,是一个面向企业未来的长期策略.     

A SfM-based 3D face reconstruction method robust to self-occlusion by using a shape conversion matrix

This paper presents a 3D face reconstruction method using multiple 2D face images. Structure from motion (SfM) methods, which have been widely used to reconstruct 3D faces, are vulnerable to point correspondence errors caused by self-occlusion. In order to solve this problem, we propose a shape conversion matrix (SCM) which estimates the ground-truth 2D facial feature points (FFPs) from the observed 2D FFPs corrupted by self-occlusion errors. To make the SCM, the training observed 2D FFPs and ground-truth 2D FFPs are collected by using 3D face scans. An observed shape model and a ground-truth shape model are then built to represent the observed 2D FFPs and the ground-truth 2D FFPs, respectively. Finally, the observed shape model parameter is converted to the ground truth shape model parameter via the SCM. By using the SCM, the true locations of the self-occluded FFPs are estimated exactly with simple matrix multiplications. As a result, SfM-based 3D face reconstruction methods combined with the proposed SCM become more robust against point correspondence errors caused by self-occlusion, and the computational cost is significantly reduced. In experiments, the reconstructed 3D facial shape is quantitatively compared with the 3D facial shape obtained from a 3D scanner, and the results show that SfM-based 3D face reconstruction methods with the proposed SCM show a higher accuracy and a faster processing time than SfM-based 3D face reconstruction methods without the SCM.     

A structural equation model for analyzing the impact of ERP on SCM

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management (SCM) represent important information technology investment options for operation or IT managers, and have been acclaimed in the practitioner and academic literature for their potential to improve business performance. The purpose of this article is to provide further insights into the adoption of ERP systems and the impacts on firm competence in SCM. We propose a model featuring ERP benefits to firm competences in supply chain management. We also hypothesize that three constructs of ERP benefits positively impact firm competences in SCM. To clarify the relationships among these constructs, structural equation model (SEM) is conducted to examine the model fit and nine hypotheses. The SEM results clearly demonstrate that there exist close interrelations among the benefits of implementing ERP systems and firm competences in SCM. The data from Taiwanese IT firms was collected through interviewing of experts and surveys. The results provide empirical evidence that the beneficial impacts of ERP on the supply chain do lead to better overall SCM competence. That evidence confirms that operational benefits, business process and management benefits, and strategic IT planning benefits of ERP in turn enhance firm competences of SCM in operational process integration, customer and relationship integration, and planning and control process integration.     

基于XML/RDF的供应链管理商务信息交换

介绍了供应链管理中存在的商务信息交换的问题，分析基于EDI的信息交换存在的不足之处，描述了RDF的概念和数据模型并建立了基于XML／RDF的供应链管理信息交换的模型，最后分析了XML／RDF应用中面临的问题及其应用前景。     

软件配置管理服务模型研究

软件配置管理从最早的文件版本管理发展至今,已经由传统的以配置交付为中心发展为以变更控制支持过程为中心,对软件配置管理的相关内容、概念、功能、重要性做了简要的阐述,着重介绍了软件配置管理服务内容,并通过对软件配置管理及技术现状的分析,提出了即插即用的配置管理服务模型,并对其进行了探讨。     

软件配置管理系统XML数据模型及原型研究

配置管理是软件开发管理中的重要支持活动。配置库管理是软件配置管理的核心任务之一。由于分布式配置库模型和internet的出现,对配置库间数据交换和访问提出了新的需求。该文首先了介绍配置库模型的一般概念及其核心数据组成,并基于XML定义了青鸟配置库数据模型,为同构/异构配置库模型间的数据交换提供支持。随后介绍了青鸟网上配置管理系统(JBCM_WEB)原型,研究了基于XML配置数据互操作和B/S方式的应用。