木霉T6固态罐发酵产淀粉酶与尾气分析

建立了一个 2L玻璃发酵罐的固态通风培养和尾气检测系统。以天然原料麸皮 2 0 0g为培养基 ,加入 15 0mLMandels营养盐 ,接种量 2 5mL( 2× 10 8孢子 /mL) ,自然pH ,室温下 ,对木霉T6进行培养。通过定时取样测定淀粉酶活力 ,并对尾气CO2 连续测定 ,结果显示 ,菌体CO2 的释放与淀粉酶合成具有相关性 ,且呈同步关系。说明尾气的CO2 含量变化可以作为固态发酵某些产物合成的研究参数。     

康氏木霉固体发酵木聚糖酶条件的研究

通过固体发酵培养,经单因素及正交试验分析,得出康氏木霉发酵产木聚糖酶最优条件组合为：麸皮与玉米芯质量比为2∶8,硫酸铵2.5%,MnSO4 0.50%,料水比1∶1.5（g∶mL）,培养基初始pH自然,培养温度30 ℃,发酵时间6 d。在此条件下,康氏木霉固体发酵木聚糖酶活力达11.98 IU/g。该木聚糖酶水解产物富含2～5个木糖分子的低聚木糖。     

短小芽孢杆菌固态发酵生产木聚糖酶的培养条件优化

采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法研究了短小芽孢杆菌固态发酵生产木聚糖酶的培养条件,确定了利用麸皮作为在主要基质进行固态发酵生产木聚糖酶的适宜条件：pH9、温度35℃、料液比1：2、接种量10％。在500mL三角瓶中固态培养72h左右,木聚糖酶的活力可达4915U／g干曲。     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的筛选及产酶条件研究

从酿造大曲中，筛选诱变出1株木聚糖酶高产菌株U6-5，菌体固态发酵产酶条件研究表明，最佳发酵培养基配方为麸皮50g，花生壳粉30g，玉米芯粉20g，NH4NO3 0．5g，水110mL，接种量3‰，最适发酵温度28℃～30℃，培养26h-28h，木聚糖酶活力达到6105U／g。该木聚糖酶具有较高的耐热性和耐储藏性能。     

木霉T6木聚糖酶液态发酵生产研究

研究了野生型木霉T6菌木聚糖酶的液态发酵条件 ,碳源以质量浓度为 30 g/L的天然材料麦秸为最好 ,以质量浓度为 1g/L的尿素作为氮源有利于木聚糖酶的合成。起始 pH、培养温度及接种量等都对T6菌木聚糖酶的合成有影响。在一定条件下 ,30℃培养 4 5d后木聚糖酶的活力达到 91IU/mL     

青霉菌Y3固态发酵产酶条件的研究

筛选了一株高产木聚糖酶及纤维素酶的青霉菌 (Penicilliumemersonii)Y3 菌株 ,研究了其在固体培养基中的发酵条件。该菌株的最佳培养条件为 :起始pH值为 4 .6 ,发酵温度为 2 9℃ ,每 1g固体培养基中接种量为 1ml孢子悬液 (孢子悬液的浓度为 2 .5× 10 7个 (孢子 ) /ml) ,玉米芯与麦麸比为 7∶3,尿素为氮源 ,发酵 3d。木聚糖酶活力可达 4 2 36U/g ,纤维素酶活力可达 1895U/g。粗酶的最适反应温度为 5 0℃ ,pH值为 5 .0 ,热稳定性在 5 0℃以下。     

3-羟基丙醛耐受菌的筛选与3-羟基丙醛抑菌活力的研究

活化的短乳杆菌用含一定甘油浓度(10 g/L)的平板培养基驯化培养后铺上一层含活化E.coli的培养基,30℃双层平板培养,经7个批次筛选,获得了1株在其周围产生明显抑菌透明圈的短乳杆菌菌落,编号为LB7—6;纯化培养筛选出的短乳杆菌,分别在30℃、37℃下进行二次发酵2～8 h,测定发酵液中3-羟基丙醛(3- HPA)的含量。结果显示,较优化发酵条件为37℃微氧静置发酵6h,在此条件下,3-HPA含量为2.18mg/mL,由此计算得3-HPA总得率为0.147g/g,转化率为19.05%;以10~5个/mL E coil为检测菌,采用比浊法实验,结果表明,发酵所得3-HPA最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为2.18×10~(-3)mg/mL;发酵液40℃保存48 h后测定3—HPA的MIC为2.18×10~0mg/mL,说明所产3-HPA抑菌活力有一定程度的稳定性。     

绿色木霉复合木聚糖酶的固态发酵条件优化

目的研究不同发酵条件对绿色木霉产复合木聚糖酶性能的影响。方法采用固体发酵培养方式,通过改变发酵条件,包括碳源、氮源的种类、浓度及接种量,测定相应条件下发酵产物的酶活性来确定发酵工艺。结果绿色木霉产酶的最佳碳源为玉米芯和麸皮(4∶6);氮源为硫酸铵(4%);接种量为1×107个孢子/g培养基。30℃固体培养70h,发酵后用无菌水(pH5.0)28℃浸提3h测定酶活性。结论在优化的培养条件下,木聚糖酶的最高酶活性达到267U/g。     

木聚糖酶产生菌Gh-5培养基配方及发酵条件的优化

研究培养基组分与发酵工艺条件对试验菌株Gh-5产木聚糖酶的发酵影响,并对木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行初步研究。结果表明,该菌最适发酵产酶培养基组分为甘露糖15 g/L,氯化铵10 g/L,ZnSO4 0.3 g/L,KH2PO4 0.5 g/L;最适发酵条件为温度37 ℃;pH值为8.0;接种量14 %;发酵培养生长周期36 h。木聚糖酶产生菌株Gh-5发酵优化后的酶活力为114.64 U/mL,较优化前38.02 U/mL提高了201.53%。木聚糖酶酶学性质研究结果表明,木聚糖酶酶活最适pH值为8.0;最适温度为65 ℃;Zn2+对木聚糖酶酶活有较好促进作用。     

棘孢木霉液体发酵条件优化

为研究棘孢木霉液体发酵最优条件,以菌丝体干重和孢子数为指标,通过单因素正交实验对棘孢木霉液体发酵培养基进行优化,并测定棘孢木霉的基本成分。实验结果表明最佳发酵条件为:黄豆粉0.25%,KH₂PO₄ 0.3%,MgSO₄ 0.15%,接种量8×106个/mL,装瓶量100 mL/250 mL,蛋白胨1.35%,葡萄糖3.5%,转速160 r/min,温度25 ℃,自然光照,pH7。此发酵条件可使棘孢木霉干重量达到19.453 g/L,孢子数达到4.4812×109个/mL。本研究为棘孢木霉的工业化生产降低成本,缩短发酵周期打下理论基础。     

不同贮藏条件下白菜中亚硝酸盐含量的研究

以室温、冰箱、添加不同量（0g／100mL、2g／100mL、4g/100mL、6g／100mL、8g/100mL）绵白糖发酵为贮藏条件,研究不同贮藏条件、不同时间下,白菜中亚硝酸盐含量的变化,探究适宜贮藏条件。结果表明：室温、冰箱贮藏条件下,白菜中亚硝酸盐含量始终低于ADI值,相同时间下两者差异不显著。发酵条件下,各处理均出现“亚硝峰”,2d时亚硝酸盐含量均高于ADI值;8d时,亚硝酸盐含量均低于ADI值。4g／100mL、6g/100mL、8g,100mL糖添加量发酵条件下,“亚硝峰”比自然发酵、2g／100mL加糖发酵的提前出现,且相同时间下加糖量4g/100mL的亚硝酸盐含量最低。依据亚硝酸盐含量的变化情况表明,短期贮藏（2d内）以冰箱为宜,长期贮藏（多于8d）以发酵为宜,加糖发酵以4g／100mL绵白糖加入量为佳。     

高产木聚糖酶嗜热子囊菌固体发酵条件与酶学性质

以本实验室从土壤中分离筛选到的一株高产木聚糖酶的嗜热子囊菌QS7-2-4为生产菌种,进行固体发酵产木聚糖酶的发酵条件研究,结果表明最佳产酶条件为:玉米芯:麸皮为7:3(w/w);最佳氮源为酵母膏和胰蛋白胨的混合氮源,添加量为1.5%;吐温-80添加量为0.5%,初始pH为7.2,培养基含水量为80%,250mL三角瓶装料量为8g,发酵温度50℃,发酵时间72h,该条件下木聚糖酶产量达27952U/g干基。该酶最适反应温度为75℃,最适反应pH为4.5,在70℃以下具有良好的稳定性,在室温下储藏150d仍然保留87%的活性。     

黑曲霉固态发酵橘皮生产纤维素酶及淀粉酶

以橘皮为原料,以黑曲霉AS3.3928为生产菌株,采用固态发酵法生产纤维素酶和淀粉酶。通过单因素试验考察固态发酵培养基中橘皮含量、培养基含水量、接种量及发酵时间4个因素对纤维素酶和淀粉酶活力的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验最终确定最优产酶条件为：固态发酵培养基中添加16g橘皮,并加入5mL无菌水使培养基初始含水量为64mL/100g,黑曲霉接种量15%,发酵60h。在此发酵条件下所产纤维素酶活力可达1816U/g,淀粉酶活力达196U/g。结果表明,利用黑曲霉固态发酵橘皮,非常有利于纤维素酶和淀粉酶的生产。     

固态发酵中的传感器检测技术

固态发酵(SSF)中各种变量的检测对发酵过程的控制具有重要意义,但由于其培养基来源的多样和复杂性,使得这些参数不易测定。本文综述了固态发酵中采用不同传感器对环境参数(温度、pH、水分含量和水活度)和碳素平衡(生物量、底物浓度、CO2)的检测方法,并对目前固态发酵在线检测中的新技术应用,以及具有应用潜力的检测方法(X射线、磁共振成像技术等)进行了介绍。     

Effect of substrate and fermentation conditions on pectinase and cellulase production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus niger</Emphasis> NCIM 548 in submerged (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF)

The present study deals with the optimization of substrate and fermentation conditions for the production of both pectinase and cellulase by Aspergillus niger NCIM 548 under same fermentation conditions in submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fementation (SSF) using a central composite face centered design of response surface methodology (RSM). As per statistical design, the optimum conditions for maximum production of pectinase (1.64 U/mL in SmF and 179.83 U/g in SSF) and cellulase (0.36 U/mL in SmF and 10.81 U/g in SSF) were, time 126 h, pH 4.6, and carbon source concentration 65 g/L in SmF and were time 156 h, pH 4.80, and moisture content 65% in SSF. The response surface modeling was applied effectively to optimize the production of both pectinase and cellulase by A. niger under same fermentation conditions to make the process cost-effective in both submerged and solid state fermentation using agro industrial wastes as substrate.     

Real-time tracking of CO₂ injected into a subsurface coal fire through high-frequency measurements of the ¹³CO₂ signature

CO? was injected into a coal fire burning at a depth of 15 m in the subsurface in southwestern Colorado, USA. Measurements were made of the 13CO? isotopic signature of gas exhaust from an observation well and two surface fissures. The goal of the test was to determine (1) whether CO? with a distinct isotopic signature could be used as a tracer to identify flow pathways and travel times in a combustion setting where CO? was present in significant quantities in the gases being emitted from the coalbed fire, and (2) to confirm the existence of a self-propagating system of air-intake and combustion gas exhaust that has been previously proposed. CO? was injected in three separate periods. The 13CO? isotopic signature was measured at high frequency (0.5 Hz) before, during, and after the injection periods for gas flowing from fissures over the fire and from gas entering an observation well drilled into the formation just above the fire but near the combustion zone. In two cases, a shift in the isotopic signature of outgassing CO? provided clear evidence that injected CO? had traveled from the injection well to the observation point, while in a third case, no response was seen and the fissure could not be assumed to have a flowpath connected with the injection well. High-frequency measurements of the 13CO? signature of gas in observation wells is identified as a viable technique for tracking CO? injected into subsurface formations in real-time. In addition, a chimney-like coupled air-intake and exhaust outlet system feeding the combustion of the coal seam was confirmed. This can be used to further develop strategies for extinguishing the fire.     

纤维素酶和米根霉同时糖化发酵纤维素为L-乳酸

研究了纤维素原料经机械粉碎、稀酸处理、氨处理、蒸爆水洗处理后 ,用里氏木霉所产纤维素酶和米根霉对其进行同时糖化发酵生产L 乳酸 ;并与稀酸处理物料分别酶解发酵进行了对比。结果表明 ,实验条件下 ,粉碎处理、稀酸处理、氨处理、蒸爆水洗处理物料的L 乳酸发酵产量分别为 13 4mg/mL、18 1mg/mL、15 5mg/mL和 19 6mg/mL ,与分别酶解发酵相比 ,同时糖化发酵过程周期短。     

Production of feed enzymes from citrus processing waste by solid‐state fermentation with Eupenicillium javanicum

Bingtang sweet orange processing waste was utilised to produce four feed enzymes (Endoglucanase, β‐glucosidase, pectinase and xylanase) by the solid‐state fermentation (SSF) with Eupenicillium javanicum. The factors related with SSF including moisture content, temperature, initial pH, time, carbon source (0.5 g), nitrogen sources (0.05 g), inorganic mineral salts (0.1 g) were investigated separately. The corresponding optimal condition was: moisture content 80% (w/w), temperature 30 °C, natural pH, time 96 h, wheat bran 0.5 g, (NH₄)₂SO₄ 0.05 g or NaNO₃ 0.05 g, CaCl₂ 0.1 g. The L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment results showed that the optimal condition for producing above multiple enzymes was: moisture content 80% (w/w), temperature 30 °C, wheat bran 1 g, (NH₄)₂SO₄ 0.05 g, NaNO₃ 0.05 g, CaCl₂ 0.1 g, fermentation time 96 h and natural pH. Under this condition, the average activity of Endoglucanase (CMCase), β‐glucosidase, pectinase and xylanase by E. javanicum could reach 46.80, 49.64, 51.87 and 106.42 U g^?1, respectively, which was significantly higher than those in single factor experiments. Our present results demonstrated that E. javanicum could also be an effective and useful fungus for multienzyme preparation especially for β‐glucosidase and xylanase from citrus processing wastes.     

不同诱导物对Streptomyces olivaceovirdis E—86产高活性木聚糖酶的研究

研究了不同诱导物对StreptomycesolivaceovirdisE— 86产高活性木聚糖酶的影响。采用了 3种木聚糖 (桦木木聚糖、水不溶木聚糖和醇不溶木聚糖 )作为碳源进行发酵。在培养液中最适含量桦木木聚糖和水不溶木聚糖是 1 5 % ,醇不溶木聚糖 2 0 % ;产生的木聚糖酶酶活不同 ,水不溶木聚糖产酶酶活是桦木木聚糖的 3倍 ,是醇不溶木聚糖 4倍 ;发酵时间对酶活量和pH有很大影响