2124铝合金时效成形模具型面修正有限元分析及试验验证

对2124铝合金整体壁板时效成形过程进行了有限元模拟,应用基于传递函数的模具型面修正算法建立了一种模具型面回弹修正方法。以网格状整体壁板为例,以设计零件外形为初始模具型面对整体壁板模具型面进行了有限元分析回弹补偿修正。结果表明,有限元分析迭代9次后试验零件外形与设计零件外形最大误差为0.176 mm,继续迭代,误差稳定在0.17 mm左右。把得到的模具型面作为试验模具型面,进行时效成形试验验证。结果表明,成形零件误差为0.487 mm,满足设计要求,表明该方法可行。     

基于小波变换闭环控制的时效成形回弹补偿

时效成形零件回弹较大且不易控制,为提高成形精度,文章提出了基于小波变换的回弹补偿方法,并详细阐述该算法的原理及其实现。将该方法应用于复杂壁板零件进行仿真迭代补偿,其偏差均在0.48mm以内,满足零件设计要求。采用"双井字"实验零件对方法进行验证,最大偏差为0.484mm,满足工程应用要求,证明提出的基于小波的补偿算法对于时效成形模具型面补偿可行。     

基于传递函数的时效成形模具修正算法

提出一种基于传递函数的时效成形模具修正算法,由时效成形闭环控制系统推理,得出模具修正的传递函数公式,在构建具有多个功能单元的实验系统基础上,设计出适用于时效成形模具型面修正的工作流程。针对变曲率T型试件,设计加工3套曲率相近的成形模具,进行时效成形并检测,依据检测数据反求实验模具型面,与设计的模具形状相比,误差分布均处于误差允许范围,证明基于传递函数的模具修正算法可用于变曲率模具型面预测修正;对尺寸为700mm×800mm整体壁板的时效成形模具型面进行两次修正,检测结果均满足精度要求,证明该文的模具修正算法可用于复杂型面整体壁板时效成形模具的型面预测修正。     

基于MATLAB的ABAQUS二次开发(下)——在时效成形回弹补偿中的应用

为验证MATLAB在ABAQUS二次开发中的应用,使用MATLAB编程对T型梁的网格划分进行优化,并且反分析模型的材料参数,计算得到了回弹补偿方程。提出一种基于平面曲线基本方程的几何回弹补偿方法,结合回弹补偿方程,对壁板的时效成形模具型面进行初步的回弹补偿。利用所开发的程序,以几何回弹补偿型面为初始值,对模具型面进行迭代补偿。仿真结果显示,壁板成形后的外形和设计外形的偏差在0.8mm以内。证明了MATLAB在ABAQUS二次开发中的有效性。     

7050铝合金时效成形有限元模拟及回弹分析

针对7050铝合金建立蠕变时效本构模型,对ABAQUS软件进行二次开发,将本构模型嵌入到时效成形有限元模型中,通过模拟与试验验证了有限元模型的正确性。通过有限元模拟,对复杂壁板中的高筋整体壁板、变厚度壁板和球型面模具成形回弹进行分析和预测,获得了回弹的影响规律,为模具型面修正提供了可靠依据。     

基于ABAQUS的筋板件时效成形型面回弹补偿算法

基于回弹预测与控制的模具型面补偿,是时效成形工艺研究亟待解决的关键问题。该文根据回弹补偿原理,提出了基于零件形状虚拟迭代修复的时效成形模具型面回弹补偿修正算法的思路。以2A12铝合金筋板件蠕变时效成形过程为研究对象,利用ABAQUS有限元分析平台,在筋板件时效成形及回弹模拟分析的基础上,实现了该过程模具型面的回弹补偿优化设计。研究结果表明,提出的型面补偿算法具有良好的收敛性,数值模拟结果验证了该算法的可行性。     

壁板结构对时效成形回弹影响的研究

时效成形因具有诸多优点在航空领域中应用越来越广泛,尤其适合于飞机网格状整体壁板的加工制造.本文的主要目的是采用正交试验综合研究整体壁板结构因素及模具曲率半径对时效成形回弹的影响.并以筋条高度、凸台高度、凹槽深度、预弯半径为回归变量,以成形效率为响应,建立回归模型.由于考虑到壁板结构因素的影响,该模型可提高回弹预测精度.     

3D复杂形状板料冲压成形回弹误差补偿方法及其实验验证

针对冲压件回弹误差,建立了3D复杂形状板料冲压成形精度闭环控制系统。以回弹误差为控制目标,以线性闭环控制系统、空间Fourier变换和频域传递函数为理论基础,基于模具实验迭代,建立了模具回弹误差补偿修正算法。该算法接收模具和冲压件的激光扫描测量数据,输出模具型面修正后离散数据。利用提出的频域模具修正算法对回弹现象较为严重的弯曲和浅拉深过程,进行了回弹误差补偿的有效性验证。实验结果表明,该算法可以较好地控制板料冲压成形回弹误差,具有工程使用价值。     

铝合金整体壁板时效成形的补充成形

时效成形在整体壁板的制造中有重要应用。整体壁板的时效成形一般在热压罐中进行,通过对真空袋抽真空达到壁板贴模的目的。真空膜破袋是时效成形工艺的主要事故,分为成形加载过程中的破袋和时效过程中的破袋。该文提出了补充成形概念,即破袋后零件在同一模具下可再次时效成形,不影响零件成形精度。以2124T851铝合金为研究对象,借助商业软件ABAQUS模拟不破袋的时效成形和出现破袋后的补充成形,比较两种成形后零件尺寸偏差;对厚板试件进行补充成形试验验证,观察金相组织变化。通过对T型梁和带筋壁板仿真分析,零件成形最大偏差小于0.05mm,满足工程应用要求;试验表明,厚板试件的金相组织无明显变化,零件偏差在0.15mm以内,补充成形能有效弥补时效成形过程中出现的破袋缺陷。     

2124铝合金非对称带筋壁板时效成形仿真

为预测铝合金壁板的成形与回弹,利用ABQUS软件对铝合金时效成形进行仿真,仿真过程中不同的边界条件对仿真精度影响很大;边界条件的选取与零件的结构及实际工况有关。提出了一种适用于非对称壁板仿真的边界条件,仿真误差小于0.5mm,满足工程应用要求。     

FEM equivalent model for press bend forming of aircraft integral panel

An original plastic equivalent model was proposed to solve the problem of excessive FEM simulation time when designing the press bend forming path and optimizing the process parameters of press bend forming of the integrally stiffened aircraft panels. Based on the in-depth analysis of the mechanics of the bending and springback of the detailed model and the equivalent model of the integral panels, the plastic equivalent model of the virtual material with special initial yield stress and hardening coefficients was constructed. FEM results indicate that the objective of getting the similar contour with the same press bend forming path is achieved with the error less than 6%, and the efficiency of FEM simulation is improved by more than 80%. The plastic equivalent model is valuable and essential for the further research on the press bend forming process of large scale complicated integral panels.     

成形速度及载荷对高强钢板回弹影响的研究

回弹问题一直是高强钢板弯曲成形的难点。本文基于伺服压力机对成形速度、载荷以及滑块行程的可控性,通过控制高强钢板弯曲成形过程中的成形速度、载荷以及滑块的行程位移,在试验的基础上探讨了成形速度及载荷等工艺条件对高强钢板弯曲回弹的影响,并通过ABAQUS有限元软件进行了相关的成形模拟。研究结果表明,随着成形载荷的增大回弹量明显减小,多次折弯可有效减小回弹。另外,成形速度和凸模保压时间对回弹影响不大。因此,在伺服压力机工作环境下,可以通过精确控制成形载荷以及折弯次数来控制高强钢板弯曲回弹量。     

单元尺寸对回弹仿真的影响机理研究

在冲压成形仿真中,单元尺寸对回弹计算结果影响很大,但其影响机理并不清楚。文章在圆底U型件的回弹试验基础上．建立了对于应该试验的只有板料单元尺寸不同的3个仿真模型。在冲压仿真和回弹仿真后,比较了模型中板料上的同一点的应力应变曲线．以及回弹计算结果与试验结果,分析了在模具弯曲部位成形末期不同单元尺寸的板料和弯曲模具表面的接触关系。研究表明,在成形过程中,板料弯曲部位节点的应力在成形过程中已经部分释放,使回弹值减小,此种情况下,为了提高回弹预测精度,板料必须采用较小的单元尺寸;在成形末期板料受到校正力的作用,使回弹计算值进一步减小,在这种情况下,模型中应设置合理的凹凸模间隙。     

多点拉形中回弹的数值模拟

对多点拉形成形蒙皮类零件的成形和回弹过程进行了数值模拟。分析了弹性垫厚度及曲率对回弹和成形精度的影响。结果表明,弹性垫厚度越大,回弹量越大,形状误差也越大;圆柱面件曲率半径越小,回弹量越大,形状误差增加值越大;环面件的曲率半径越大,回弹量越大,对成形件形状误差影响越大;回弹对单曲度成形件的影响比双曲度的成形件的影响要大。     

Characterization of surface defects after flanging of metallic sheets

This paper deals with surface defects of automobile outer panels, which alter significantly the vehicle quality. Such defects occur during springback, after forming or flanging steps, and are characterized by concave depression of small amplitude over the convex shape of the part. The aim of this work is to reproduce at the laboratory scale a surface defect that occurs after flanging on a geometry similar to a door upper corner. A dedicated device has been designed in order to generate small size surface defects during flanging of metallic thin sheets. The outer surface of the sample was digitalized and the spatial geometry of the defect was evaluated from curvature change along 2D profiles. This study shows that the flanging height does not influence significantly the surface defect geometry whereas the flanging radius and the corner radius modify the defect depth. Finite element simulations were also performed to compare numerical depth of the defect with experiments and also to investigate the stress and strain states in the defect area. It was shown that the spatial location of the defect is well predicted but its depth was either over- or under-estimated. Moreover, strains remained very small in the defect area, and a compression state prevailed after flanging, whereas a stress gradient developed through the thickness after springback.     

一种降低飞机蒙皮回弹的装置及工艺

拉伸成形是飞机蒙皮的基本成形方法。结合蒙皮拉伸成形回弹过大的缺陷及影响因素,设计了一种振动辅助拉伸成形装置,分析了施加振动减小回弹的机理并提出了振动辅助拉伸成形的工艺方法。以单曲度蒙皮拉伸成形为例,通过数值仿真模拟,分析了施加振动对成形蒙皮零件回弹的影响,结果表明施加振动后回弹量明显减小,最大回弹值由1.44mm降到0.75mm,成形质量显著提高。     

某铝合金汽车发动机罩外板冲压成形工艺

针对铝合金材料弹性模量小、在室温条件下的冲压成形性能较差的问题,以铝合金汽车发动机罩外板为例,基于Autoform软件平台分析其冲压成形过程,通过优化型面结构改进零件的成形质量,研究了冲压工艺参数对零件减薄率和回弹的影响规律。结果表明:当采用小的压边力时,板料的减薄较小;在一定范围内,随着压边力的增大,零件的回弹有所减小。最终通过对模具进行型面补偿并结合适当的工艺参数调整,有效地减小了零件回弹。基于结果进行了发动机罩外板的冲压试验,通过模具调试使制件达到生产要求。     

Springback behaviour in bending of ultra-high-strength steel sheets using CNC servo press

The springback behaviour of ultra-high-strength steel sheets in bending was investigated under controlled conditions using a CNC servo press. Although the ultra-high-strength steel sheets are attractive in reducing weight of cars, the amount of springback of the ultra-high-strength steel sheets in the forming is very large due to high strength. The CNC servo press has the function of accurately controlling the motion by two servo motors. The effects of the material, the finishing reduction in thickness, the forming speed and the holding time at the bottom dead centre on the amount of springback in V-shaped bending were examined. The scatter of the springback for the ultra-high-strength steel sheets was improved by using real thickness and not nominal thickness of each individual sheet in the control of the punch stroke. The amount of springback for the ultra-high-strength steel sheet in the V-shaped bending was much larger than that for the mild steel sheet, and the amount was decreased by the finishing reduction in thickness direction because of uniform stress distribution. The effects of the forming speed and the holding time at the bottom dead centre were small. The amount of springback for the steel sheets was almost proportional to the ratio of the tensile strength to the elastic modulus.     

板料成形回弹模拟

本文阐述了板料成形数值模拟中回弹问题的研究历史和发展现状, 总结了回弹模拟的算法, 从成形过程模拟和回弹计算两方面系统分析了影响回弹模拟准确性和收敛性的主要因素及改进方向, 并进一步讨论了模具设计中回弹的补偿算法。