取向硅钢薄带形变再结晶组织及织构演变

利用背散射电子衍射微织构分析技术及X射线衍射织构分析技术,结合对取向硅钢薄带再结晶各阶段退火板磁性能的分析,系统研究了其形变再结晶过程中的组织及织构演变.结果表明,薄带内原始高斯晶粒取向发生绕TD轴向{111}〈112〉的转变,同时晶粒取向还表现出绕RD轴的附加转动,这种附加转动及其导致的表层微弱立方形变组织可为再结晶立方织构的形成提供核心.退火各阶段样品磁性能的变化对应了{110}-{100}〈001〉有益织构及其他织构的强弱转变以及再结晶晶粒不均匀程度的变化,综合织构类型及晶粒尺寸的变化推断发生了二次及三次再结晶过程.升温过程再结晶织构演变主要体现了织构诱发机制,也即与基体存在绕〈001〉轴取向关系的晶粒长大优势结合高斯织构的抑制效应发挥作用;而在高温长时间保温后三次再结晶过程,{110}低表面能诱发异常长大发挥主要作用使得最终得到锋锐的高斯织构.     

Correlation Between Pre-annealing Temperature and {110}〈001〉 Annealing Texture in C- and Al-Free Fe-3 Pct Si-0.1 Pct Mn-0.002 Pct S Electrical Steel

In C- and Al-free electrical steel, the increase in primary grain size with increasing pre-annealing temperature causes the transition in annealing texture after final annealing from {110} + {100} to {110}. The strip pre-annealed at 1073 K (800 °C) shows a low magnetic induction B₈(T) of 1.784 T after final annealing. The strip pre-annealed at 1223 K (950 °C) shows a sharp {110}〈001〉 Goss texture, producing a high magnetic induction B₈(T) of 1.914 T comparable to that of the conventional electrical steels.     

薄带连铸取向Fe-6.5％Si钢形变热处理过程组织演化

设计并利用双辊薄带连铸工艺制备出取向Fe- 6. 5%Si钢铸带,研究了热处理工艺对铸态、形变和初次再结晶组织、织构及析出物的影响规律。结果表明,铸带退火可以促进铸态组织中的柱状晶长大,同时增加200nm以下MnS- AlN或MnS- NbN复合析出物的面密度。随着铸带退火温度升高,冷轧组织中变形带宽度以及带内剪切带长度增加,初次再结晶织构中{111}〈112〉组分增强,{110}〈001〉晶粒所占比例增大。铸带退火有助于改善冷轧板高温退火过程中的二次再结晶行为,提升产品磁性能。     

Breakdown of primary grain boundary inhibition in 3 pct si-fe sheet

Grain boundary inhibition in 11-mil cold rolled decarburized 3 pct Si-Fe sheet was observed to break down by isothermal annealing at temperatures in excess of 1075°C. Small MnS particles (-r < ~260Å) responsible for inhibiting primary grain growth in this material were observed to undergo complete dissolution within 3 min at temperatures of 1100°C and higher. Calculated dissolution rates were in good agreement with this observation. The dissolution of these particles produced appreciable primary grain growth during the early stages of (110)[00l] secondary recrystallization which was responsible for an overall reduction in the volume percent of (H0)[00l] grains produced on prolonged isothermal annealing at temperatures above 1075°C.     

退火工艺对3.15 % Si冷轧无取向硅钢组织和织构的影响

试验研究了退火温度（850~950℃）和时间（5~18 min）对2.3 mm热轧硅钢板（/%:0.036C,3.15Si,0.21Mn,0.005P,0.007S,0.032Al）6道次轧制的0.35 mm冷轧板组织和织构的影响。结果表明,退火温度越高,晶粒平均尺寸越大,900℃5 min退火时平均晶粒尺寸41.39μm,试样织构主要集中在γ取向线上的{111}＜112＞;织构组分和{111}＜110＞;织构组分;900℃18 min退火时平均晶粒尺寸为48.08μm,试样的{111}面织构和{112}面织构密度都明显减弱,{001}面织构增强,磁性能较优。     

Formation of inhibitor nanoparticles in the production of highly permeable anisotropic electrical steel

Improvement in the magnetic characteristics of anisotropic electrical steel by the acquired-inhibitor method is considered. This method of forming inhibitor nanoparticles facilitates selective grain growth and the formation of polycrystalline structure with ribbed (110)[001] texture (Goss texture). The formation of improved texture involves the creation, monitoring, and control of inhibitor nanoparticles.     

THE PRODUCTION OF SILICON-IRON MAGNETIC STRIP WITH THE (110) [001] TEXTURE,BY COLD ROLLING FROM SINTERED COMPACTS

Abstract

It is shown that secondary recrystallization and development of the (110) [001] texture in 3¼% silicon-iron strip can be obtained by control of the oxygen content of the hydrogen sintering atmosphere. The conditions required are described.

The sintered compact is then cold rolled according to a schedule used for rolling grain-oriented silicon-iron from a cast ingot.

It is found that the temperature of secondary recrystallization is higher than that for conventionally made strip.

It is suggested that a critical amount of silicon is oxidized to silica during sintering and that this silica acts as a dispersed phase in the inhibition-dependent mechanism known to be responsible for secondary recrystallization.

In an appendix, an account is given of a short X-ray method for checking the texture of the silicon-iron strip.     

初次再结晶退火对模拟CSP含Cu Hi-B硅钢组织和织构的影响

在实验室用模拟CSP工艺试制Hi-B高磁感取向硅钢薄板（/%:0.07C,3.02Si,0.13Mn,0.020P,0.006S,0.21Cu,0.025Cr,0.016A1,0.004Sn）,该钢经25kg真空感应炉熔炼,铸成41 mm×120 mm板坯-热轧成2mm板-1 120℃常化-冷轧成0.27mm薄板。研究了830~870℃,3~7min退火对再结晶组织和织构的影响。结果表明,0.27mm含Cu Hi-B高磁感取向硅钢板的合适退火工艺为830℃ 5 min,其平均晶粒尺寸为15.6μm,不利织构{111}〈110〉和{001}〈110〉含量较低,有利织构{111}〈112〉分布合理,有利于在二次再结晶退火过程形成良好的高斯组织。     

Elastic wave velocities in various alloy strips

The zeroth order plate mode shear wave velocity has been measured in thin strip specimens of Oriented Electrical Steel, Elinvar-Extra, and RMI 464 titanium alloy as a function of the angle between the propagation direction and the rolling direction. Also, the plane wave shear and longitudinal velocities have been measured along the normal to the rolling plane. The results in the Oriented Electrical Steel agree with the known (110)[001] texture. In the Elinvar-Extra there is a texture indistinguishable elastically from (100)[Oil], or partial (100)[011] superimposed on a random background. Different annealing temperatures following cold-rolling yield different degrees of anisotropy and different dependences (1/G)(dG/dT) of the shear modulus upon ambient temperature. At an annealing temperature of about 850‡C, (1/G)(dG/dT) evaluated near room temperature changes from positive to negative, and anisotropy becomes minimum. In the RMI 464 titanium alloy, the shear velocity anisotropy was only 1 pct in the rolling plane. Formerly with Bell Telephone Laboratories, Allen town, Pa.     

冷轧取向电工钢生产技术的进展

介绍了(%)0.03～0.05C、2.80～3.40Si冷轧取向电工钢的主要进展:(1)通过织构度改善、厚度减薄和细化磁畴技术显著改善磁性能;(2)二次再结晶织构选择性生长和高斯织构形成的机理研究;(3)板坯低温加热技术和短流程生产等工艺技术。     

铁素体不锈钢铸轧薄带凝固组织对冷轧退火带晶粒簇的影响

 研究了Cr17铁素体不锈钢铸轧薄带凝固组织对其冷轧退火带晶粒簇、成形性和皱折特性的影响。利用电子背散射衍射技术对Cr17铁素体不锈钢铸轧薄带及相应的冷轧退火带进行了显微织构分析。结果表明：①Cr17铁素体不锈钢铸轧薄带冷轧退火带的晶粒簇依赖于初始铸轧薄带的凝固组织类型;②柱状晶组织的铸轧薄带具有显著的{001}∥ND晶体取向特征,而等轴晶组织的铸轧薄带晶体取向随机、分散;③等轴晶组织铸轧薄带比柱状晶组织铸轧薄带的冷轧退火带具有更少的{001}<110>晶粒簇和更多的{111}<112>、{111}<110>晶粒簇;④铸轧薄带的等轴晶组织比柱状晶组织有利于提高冷轧退火带的成形和抗皱性能。     

The role of niobium as microalloying element in electrical sheet

The processing route of grain oriented electrical sheet was simulated by laboratory trials. Besides MnS, the effect of AIN and NbC as an inhibitor phase in 3 % silicon steel was also investigated. In the hot strip material the niobium microalloyed steel showed the highest volume fraction of the {110}<001> Goss texture at 0.3 to 0.4 mm below the surface. This superiority was maintained after cold rolling and annealing after both, one step or two step cold reduction schedules. A volume fraction of the Goss texture of more than 80 % is typical for this steel concept. It can be explained by the solubility product of NbC, which guarantees grain size control during the primary recrystallisation processes and allows the Goss texture component to grow during secondary recrystallisation, which usually follows a steel decarburisation. Consistent with the highest volume fraction of Goss texture, the core losses are lowest in the sheet using NbC as an inhibitor phase.     

退火温度对超薄取向硅钢织构及磁性能的影响

 为了研究中/高频用超薄取向硅钢制备工艺中退火温度对组织、织构及磁性能的影响,以商用0.27 mm规格无底层取向硅钢成品板为原料采用初次再结晶法制备了0.08 mm厚的超薄取向硅钢。系统研究了800~1 000 ℃温度范围内退火对超薄取向硅钢退火组织、织构及磁性能的影响。结果表明,过渡带中的η取向({0kl}<100>)与相邻形变基体呈大角度取向差晶界,再结晶开始时,η取向组分优先在过渡带边界“弓出”形核;随着退火温度升高,再结晶平均晶粒尺寸增大,{114}<481>等非η取向晶粒尺寸优势愈发明显,η组分体积占比降低,晶粒尺寸均匀性变差;稍低温退火时超薄取向硅钢综合磁性能较好,退火温度为800 ℃时,磁感应强度B₈₀₀=1.82 T,铁损P_1.5/400=11.66 W/kg,获得本试验条件下最佳综合中频磁性能。     

铜含量对TSCR工艺生产取向硅钢热轧织构的影响

 取向硅钢热轧板中织构梯度对发展完善的二次再结晶十分关键,通过添加Cu可以显著降低取向硅钢板坯加热温度,从而影响热轧板织构分布。本文利用X射线衍射仪,分析了实验室模拟薄板坯连铸连轧（TSCR）工艺的3种不同Cu含量的取向硅钢热轧板织构。结果表明：不同Cu含量热轧板表面到厚度1/4处均为弱的热轧织构,热轧板心部主要为{100}面织构;Cu含量约在0.4%时,热轧板次表层的{110}<001>织构比例最高,而热轧板心部的{100}<110>织构比例最低;Cu含量对热轧织构中{114}<110>和{001}<100>织构发展有显著影响。     

Effect of aluminum nitride formation on the recrystallization of Fe-0.06 pct Al single crystals

Single crystals of Fe-0.06 pct Al containing i) less than 0.001 pct N and, ii) 0.008 pct N were cold-rolled 70 pct and annealed under simulated box-annealing conditions. Crystals having (111) [άrc211] and (001) [110] stable-end orientations after rolling were investigated. Optical and electron microscopy, both replication and thin-foil techniques, and X-ray transmission experiments were used to follow recrystallization behavior, aluminum nitride precipitation behavior, and texture development during annealing. In the (111) [άrc211] Fe-0.06 pct Al crystals the presence of nitrogen had no obvious effect on the recovered structure but did retard the start of recrystallization. Once recrystallization started, however, it proceeded at least as rapidly in the nitrogen-containing crystals as in the nitrogen-free crystals. Recrystallization was complete in these crystals before the detection of A1N precipitates by electron microscopy. The recrystallization texture of both the nitrogen-free and nitrogen-doped crystals was predominantly (110) [001], the normal recrystallization for crystals having a (111) [211] as-rolled orientation. The (001) [110] crystals did not recrystallize during annealing. In these crystals, however, the presence of nitrogen had a marked effect on recovery characteristics. Low-angle boundary cell formation was retarded to much higher temperatures and occurred only after the aluminum nitride precipitate, which formed at temperatures in excess of 1100°F, had begun to coarsen. The implication of these single-crystal results for texture development in box-annealed aluminum-killed sheet steels is discussed. It is proposed that in aluminum-killed steels the first components to recrystallize, the (lll)-oriented grains, grow at an “uninhibited” rate during their last stage of recrystallization (new grain growth), whereas, in as-rolled grains of other orientations recovery and new grain nucleation proceed at a retarded rate. This results in a larger volume of (lll)-oriented grains in box-annealed aluminum-killed steel as compared with other sheet grades not containing aluminum.     

低温加热取向硅钢组织与织构演变研究

采用OM、EBSD、XRD分析研究了含Cu低温加热取向硅钢组织、织构的演变特征,研究结果表明：热轧板中存在铁素体层和珠光体层彼此交替的带状组织,且显微组织在厚度方向上分布不均匀,热轧板中{001}〈110〉、{112}〈110〉织构以及{110}〈001〉织构在板厚方向上分布不均匀;经过冷轧后,铁素体晶粒被严重拉长,形成了沿轧向伸长的纤维状组织,冷轧板织构类型主要是α织构和γ织构;脱碳时基体发生回复再结晶,显微组织为单一的铁素体等轴晶粒,织构主要为γ织构;二次冷轧板经渗氮后织构仅从强度上有所降低,其织构类型变化不明显。成品二次再结晶组织发展比较完善,晶粒尺寸约为10~20 mm。织构类型为锋锐的Goss织构。成品磁感B800达到了1.926 T,铁损P1.7/50为1.047 W/kg。     

Recrystallization in oxide-dispersion strengthened mechanically alloyed sheet steel

Systematic annealing at temperatures between 1300 °C and 1380 °C was applied to sheets of INCOLOY MA-956, an oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS), mechanically alloyed, iron-base steel containing (in mass percent) 20.8Cr, 5.0A1, 0.5Y₂O₃, and 0.5Ti. The billets, comprised of hot isostatically pressed (“hipped”), mechanically alloyed powder, were hot- and cold-rolled to produce a 0.5-mm-thick sheet with a strong (100)«110» deformation texture. Light and transmission electron microscopy established that recrystallization initiated by nucleation at the sheet centerline. Initial rapid growth of the centerline-nucleated grains, designated stage I, resulted in plate-shaped grains oriented parallel to the rolling plane at the sheet centerline. Subsequent growth, designated stage II, was developed by planar growth fronts through the sheet thickness at a slower rate. The final product was a very coarse grain structure, sometimes with only a single grain through the sheet thickness. The recrystallization kinetics were typified by an incubation time, a temperature dependance characterized by an activation energy of 506 kJ/mole, and a decreasing rate of boundary migration with increasing time at temperature. The microstructural evolution is discussed in terms of the influences of deformation texture, residual stress, dislocation substructure, and oxide dispersion on the recrystallization process.     

Transmission Kossel study of the formation of (110) [001] grains after an intermediate annealing in grain oriented silicon steel containing a small amount of Mo

The transmission Kossel (TK) technique was applied in an attempt to elucidate the formation of (110) [001] grains in the recrystallized texture of high induction and low core loss grain oriented silicon steel containing a small amount of Mo after an intermediate annealing. Prior to the detailed TK examination, the etch pit technique was also used for seeking the representative areas of (110) [001] grains. The average matrix grain size of an intermediate annealed steel containing a small amount of Mo is slightly smaller than that with no Mo. The formation of (110) [001] grains in the vicinity of the steel surface is also strengthened due to the addition of Mo. The diameters of single (110) [001] grains are comparable to or slightly larger than those of other matrix grains, but those of the colonized (110) [001] grains occupy extremely large areas (about 40 pet at the maximum area). The areal fraction of (110) [001] grains of the intermediate annealed sheets containing a small amount of Mo is approximately 1 to 5 times as large as that with the conventional inhibitors such as MnSe and Sb. The colonies of (110) [001] grains formed during an intermediate annealing are compatible with the volume fraction inherited from small and well-defined (110) [001] areas with the sharpened TK patterns in the hotrolled sheet containing a small amount of Mo. It is believed that the preferential formation of (110) [001] grains during an intermediate annealing is inherited by the structure memory from the original hot-rolled texture, and it is noticeably strengthened with the addition of Mo.     

晶粒取向纯铁研究现状及技术分析

 晶粒取向纯铁是一种具有(110)[001]织构的电磁纯铁,因具有高饱和磁感应强度、低矫顽力的直流磁性,常被用于制作磁屏蔽、电磁铁,特别是高磁场下工作的变压器和电机。总结了国内外研究及生产晶粒取向纯铁的技术情况,分析了不同研究者及生产厂家的生产技术特点。综合目前关于晶粒取向纯铁的报道,其磁感应强度[B800＝]1.80～1.91 T,仅新日铁的几篇专利[B800]达到1.92～2.03 T,相比纯铁的饱和磁感应强度2.16 T（纯铁理论饱和磁感应强度值）仍有较大的提升空间。同时,缺乏关于晶粒取向纯铁二次再结晶行为和抑制剂控制的系统研究。     

铌对低温取向硅钢初次再结晶行为的影响

以含铌取向硅钢铸坯低温加热制备高磁感取向硅钢为研究目标,通过研究铌对低温取向硅钢初次再结晶行为的影响,达到获得有利于二次再结晶发展的初次再结晶组织目的,采用OM和EBSD技术主要对比了 0.055％铌和不含铌对低温取向硅钢中间退火板的初次再结晶组织、织构和晶界特征的影响.结果表明,铌的加入,使硅钢基体中形成了细小弥散的...