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Purvis OW Dubbin W Chimonides PD Jones GC Read H 《The Science of the total environment》2008,390(2-3):558-568
Understanding how biodiversity is influenced by changing atmospheric conditions is important for conservation, public policy and environmental health. In a recent study, an impact on two of the most abundant lichens in Europe (Parmelia sulcata and Hypogymnia physodes) was recorded at Burnham Beeches lying 40 km west of London (UK) during unusual atmospheric conditions whilst other species remained unaffected. Bark and soil chemistry also influence lichen vitality and community composition. Correlations between element concentrations and element ratios in different samples help understand element cycling. To study this further, the multi-element content of the lichen P. sulcata and bark sampled in 2000 from 16 oak (Quercus robur) trees at Burnham Beeches was compared with the same elements determined in 24 surface soils sampled in 2005 from beneath the same trees. Soil pH ranged from 4.1 to 6.7. Highly significant correlations (p<0.001) for Mn/Ca ratios in lichen versus bark, soil versus bark and soil versus lichen samples confirmed cycling via the soil-tree-lichen system. Similar Mn/Ca ratios were reported in coniferous forests where high Mn concentrations were shown to limit epiphytic lichen abundance. Soil acidification influences element bioavailability and bark chemistry in Burnham Beeches with implications for lichen diversity and health. Recovery was recorded in P. sulcata, including regeneration within monitoring quadrats. Biological systems are well known to be influenced by pollution episodes. 相似文献
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基于公路建设项目可行性研究报告及公路建设项目组成,分析了各组成部分的占地情况,探讨了其占地面积统计计算方法,为合理、准确的统计计算公路建设项目水土保持方案永久占地面积提供参考。 相似文献
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软土地区基坑支护方案 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
结合工程实例,详细的阐述了在软土地区采用止水帷幕结合锚喷支护结构形式进行深基坑支护的设计及质量控制要点,为今后类似基坑支护设计提供了工程经验。 相似文献
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Trace metal contamination in urban aquatic ecosystems in Hawaii is a significant problem, especially in terms of Cu, Pb, and Zn. These trace metals are linked to automobile usage. An in-depth study was designed to determine the influence of road sediments and storm sewers on bioavailable (0.5 M HCl) trace metal concentrations in bed sediments of Nuuanu stream, Oahu. Lead was the most enriched trace metal in the watershed. Compared to baseline Pb concentrations of <3 mg/kg, road sediments averaged 186 mg/kg, with a maximum value of 3140 mg/kg. Stream bed sediments had average Pb values of 122 mg/kg, with a maximum of 323 mg/kg. Al-normalized enrichment ratios (ERs) for the <63 microm fraction indicated that the watershed was significantly polluted in the lower, urbanized reaches, with maximum ER values of 560 and 94 for Pb in road sediments and stream sediments, respectively. Median ER values for Cu, Pb, and Zn in stream sediments were 2, 36, and 5, respectively. Rainfall events prior to sediment sampling masked any influence that storm sewer outlets might have had on the localized spatial distribution of metals associated with bed sediments. However, there was a general pattern of increasing trace metal concentrations downstream as the fluvial network traversed residential areas and commercial, highly trafficked areas in the lower portions of the watershed. 相似文献
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根据有关的研究成果和工程实践经验,分析了广东地区软土工程特性,提出了基坑设计的一般原则,探讨了软土基坑支护的一些问题,并简单介绍了几个基坑的设计概况,以积累软土地区基坑设计经验,保证工程施工的顺利进行。 相似文献
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介绍了某高层建筑由于施工管理安排不当,致使裙楼顶部与主楼悬挑部分发生碰撞接触的工程事故,经过对事故原因分析论证及方案比选,提出了切实可行的简便处理方案,实际观察表明,该方案达到了预期效果。 相似文献
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介绍了盾构始发及到达加固区的土体加固方法,阐述了搅拌桩和旋喷桩水平注浆的施工工艺,提出了质量控制措施,以积累土体加固施工经验,保证工程施工的顺利进行。 相似文献
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通过深入分析造成盐渍土公路相关构筑物损坏的机理,研究了各种损坏的处治措施及效能,详细阐述了盐渍土地区结构物施工方法,从该工程的施工质量安全等方面来看,均达到了比较理想的效果,为今后同类工程的施工积累了经验。 相似文献
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华东地区土壤及土沙混合物导热系数的实验研究 总被引:19,自引:3,他引:16
在不同含水率、不同密度条件下,利用探针法对土壤及不同比例的土沙混合物的导热系数作了实验研究,分析了影响土壤换热能力的因素,得到了便于工程使用的土壤及土沙混合物导热系数的实验关联式。 相似文献
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针对西北严寒地区,以水泥、粉煤灰、陶粒、烧过后的牛粪灰等为主要原料,采用砌块的立方体抗压强度、导热系数、抗冻能力3个指标作为主要考核对象,试制了一种自保温砌块.该自保温砌块强度达到了A7.5级,而其导热系数能够满足A5.0级的要求,冻融循环后的强度达6.58 MPa,冻融后的质量损失率为2.56%,远小于标准要求. 相似文献
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盐渍土地区修筑的高等级公路日益增多,对勘察设计、施工提出了更高的要求,在结合盐渍土研究成果和相关经验的基础上,对位于强烈干旱地区的高速公路盐渍土路基,在基底处理、路基填料选用、隔断层设置及路基沉降与应力测试等方面进行了探索。 相似文献
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介绍了膨胀土的膨胀收缩成因及对建筑的危害,结合膨胀土的地基勘察评价,阐述了膨胀土的常规处理方法,并通过实例论述了膨胀土的处理措施,以确保建筑物的使用安全。 相似文献