Numerical analysis of aerodynamic noise radiated from cross flow fan

The flow field in a cross flow fan was simulated by solving the 2-D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The calculated pressure fluctuations of the blades, the vortex wall, and the rear wall were then used as noise sources to calculate the sound field. The Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation was employed to predict the noise field caused by these sources. The predictions show that the rear wall and the vortex wall sources contribute significantly to the total noise and that both the predicted aerodynamic performance and noise agree well with the experimental results. __________ Translated from J Tsinghua Univ (Sci & Tech), 2007, 47(2): 236–239 [译自: 清华大学学报(自然科学版)]     

Numerical optimization for fluid flow in turboexpander wheel of helium liquefaction plant

A radial turbine is one of the vital components of a helium liquefaction plant. The design of a turbine becomes critical due to its compact size and high-speed configuration. In this study, numerical optimization has been performed for the three-dimensional steady flow of helium gas in the radial inflow turbine of a helium liquefaction plant at a nominal condition. The mean line design is an appropriate method to obtain the approximate results. The computational fluid dynamics simulation algorithm is adopted in this study to reach the final results and Ansys CFX is used for the simulation. From the analysis, it has been reported that the number of rotor blades was overestimated in the mean line design. Performance parameters like total-to-static efficiency and velocity ratio were also found to be optimum numerically under a preliminary design condition. Finally, power of 1.7 kW was achieved at total-to-static efficiency of 71.4%. The deviation in analytical and numerical results is within $\pm 10\%$ for performance as well as geometric parameters.     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池动态性能数值模拟

建立了正确描述带有热量生成、质量迁移以及电化学反应特性的三维变参数燃料电池动态数学模型,并采用数值模拟方法,对燃料电池温度、速度分布等性能进行预报。通过实验研究,获取燃料电池发电系统输出性能以及温度分布等实验数据,并将数值计算结果与实验结果进行对比分析,验证了数值模拟的准确性,证明了采用的数学模型具有较高的可靠性。     

Evaluation of four numerical wind flow models for wind resource mapping

A wide range of numerical wind flow models are available to simulate atmospheric flows. For wind resource mapping, the traditional approach has been to rely on linear Jackson–Hunt type wind flow models. Mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models coupled to linear wind flow models have been in use since the end of the 1990s. In the last few years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, in particular Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models, have entered the mainstream, whereas more advanced CFD models such as large‐eddy simulations (LES) have been explored in research but remain computationally intensive. The present study aims to evaluate the ability of four numerical models to predict the variation in mean wind speed across sites with a wide range of terrain complexities, surface characteristics and wind climates. The four are (1) Jackson–Hunt type model, (2) CFD/RANS model, (3) coupled NWP and mass‐consistent model and (4) coupled NWP and LES model. The wind flow model predictions are compared against high‐quality observations from a total of 26 meteorological masts in four project areas. The coupled NWP model and NWP‐LES model produced the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) as measured between the predicted and observed mean wind speeds. The RMSE for the linear Jackson‐Hunt type model was 29% greater than the coupled NWP models and for the RANS model 58% greater than the coupled NWP models. The key advantage of the coupled NWP models appears to be their ability to simulate the unsteadiness of the flow as well as phenomena due to atmospheric stability and other thermal effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

向心透平内部流动的数值分析及叶轮的改进设计

本文对一微型燃气轮机向心透平内部的三维流场进行了数值研究。在流场模拟的基础上对原结构的内部流场进行了分析探讨,指出原设计中可以改进的地方并成功的对叶轮进行了改进设计,使向心式透平效率提高了二点几个百分点。     

低马赫数射流噪声的数值计算研究

针对抗性消声器中扩张结构和尾管引起的射流噪声问题,建立了低马赫数射流噪声有限元分析模型.基于双方程k-ε紊流模型理论对射流速度场进行了计算,发现喷射流的势核周围形成一段湍化程度极高的气流.采用Lighthill-Curle声学理论预测了射流噪声,并通过试验对比验证了模型和数值计算方法的正确性.研究表明,喷射噪声主要集中在势核周围,说明势核是引起射流噪声的主要原因.通过对指向性的研究表明,低马赫数射流最大噪声主要分布范围为15°～60°.     

会议室空调气流组织形式的数值模拟研究

办公区里的会议室为重要工作场所,其环境质量的优劣直接影响工作的效率。以计算流体力学和传热学为基础,利用CFD软件对室内混合通风与置换通风两种气流组织进行数值模拟。结果表明:在温度场、速度场、温度效率及人体热舒适性等方面,置换通风均优于混合通风方式。     

不同悬板孔口面积占比条件下的排沙漏斗数值模拟研究

针对尼泊尔上马相迪水电站排沙漏斗极易形成泥沙落淤悬板的问题,提出在排沙漏斗悬板上布设圆形孔洞的解决方案,并选用大涡模拟模型,采用流体体积分数法与离散相轨道颗粒模型相结合的方法,对排沙漏斗悬板有效传质区开孔率Φ为0、1.423%、2.049%、3.192%、4.610%的排沙漏斗分别进行水气沙三相数值模拟。结果表明,在悬板两端布设圆形孔洞可有效减少悬板上的泥沙淤积量,当悬板有效传质区开孔率为3.192%时,排沙漏斗典型断面含沙量与合速度值具有良好的分布规律,从而形成稳定的空气涡,提高泥沙排除效率。研究结果对于指导同类工程进行悬板沙害处理提供了参考依据。     

Numerical modelling of air temperature and velocity in a forced ventilation piggery

IntroductionPigs are reared under more intensive conditions thanother fanned animals because of their unique nature.Their growth vales with their living environment andthey are very responsive to the climatic variationll'2'31.Therefore, they are subjected to intensive environmentcontrol and management for higher productivity. Mostprevious research conducted to predict the thermalconditions inside a piggery, whether steady or transientwas based on the one-dimensional heat balance. Someexamples…     

静止介质中点声源远场噪声的数值预测

采用Kirchhoff方法计算点声源的远场气动噪声。Kirchhoff积分面为包围点声源的固定圆柱面,采用理论解析法得到圆柱面上的近场气动流场解,然后根据Kirchhoff积分公式求解远场声压信息。详细论述了将Kirchhoff积分公式程序化的循环累加法;并着重分析了不同积分面及其网格划分对积分精度的影响。     

LES analysis of flow and turbulent mixing in an unsteady jet

The flow and mixing process of unsteady jets are fundamentally analyzed by large eddy simulations. The effects of nozzle velocity and turbulence intensity on the turbulent eddy structure and mixing process between the nozzle fluid and ambient fluid were investigated. The results show that a toroidal‐shaped vortex, which emerges around the jet tip, primarily accelerates the entraining flow. Also, increasing the turbulence intensity in the nozzle encourages mixing in the jet without changing the jet‐contour. Furthermore, when the rise‐up time of the initial nozzle velocity is elongated, turbulent mixing is suppressed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 303–313, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20158     

1 000 MW机组静电除尘器对粉尘颗粒脱除的数值研究

基于计算流体动力学软件FLUENT,对某电厂1 000 MW机组的电除尘器(ESP)流场、电晕电场和颗粒运动场进行三维数值模拟,其中流场的模拟采用k-ε双方程,电晕电场采用有限体积法,颗粒相运动采用拉格朗日方法,数值计算采用SIMPLE算法,在验证该数值模拟结果合理的前提下,模拟了出口压力、烟气流速、粉尘浓度及粉尘粒径对电除尘器除尘效率的影响。结果表明:粉尘脱除效率随出口压力绝对值的减小而增大,且当出口压力维持在-3 000 Pa～3 500 Pa时,电除尘器运行稳定;在较高的烟气流速下飞灰颗粒所受惯性力增大,克服电场力逃逸收尘板捕获的能力增强,使得电除尘器收尘效率降低;当烟气粉尘浓度维持在30 g/m~3时,电除尘效率最高;粉尘粒径越大,电除尘器收尘效率越高,但增长速率减缓。     

幂律流体连续运动平板边界层的数值研究

利用数值模拟方法研究了幂律流体在连续运动平板上的层流边界层问题。利用相似变换理论推导出无量纲剪切力的计算公式,数值求解了不同幂律指数n的流体在不同运动参数ξ的连续运动平板上的层流边界层流场,分析了各个参数对边界层速度分布和剪切力大小的影响。结果表明,边界层偏微分方程组的数值解与经过相似变换求得的非线性常微分方程的数值解吻合得很好,这既说明对幂律流体连续运动平板上的层流边界层问题的研究是有效且可靠的,同时也证明了连续运动平板问题存在相似解。     

Aerofoil trailing‐edge noise prediction models for wind turbine applications

This paper proposes a modified TNO model for the prediction of aerofoil trailing‐edge noise for wind turbine applications. The capabilities of the current modified model and four variants of the TNO model are analysed through a comprehensive study which includes 10 aerofoils and involves two different wind tunnels. The Reynolds numbers considered are between 1.13 and 3.41 million, and the effective angles of attack are between ?2.20° and 13.58°. The merit of a model is assessed by comparing two aspects of the numerically predicted and the experimentally measured sound pressure level spectra: the sound pressure level difference between two different aerofoils at similar lift coefficients within a certain frequency range (referred to as the delta noise); and the closeness in terms of spectral magnitude and shape of the predicted and measured sound pressure level spectra. The current modified model is developed by deriving new formulations for the computation of the wall pressure fluctuation spectrum. This is achieved by using the approximate ratio of the normal Reynolds stress components for an anisotropic flow over a flat plate to estimate the vertical Reynolds stress component, and by introducing new stretching factors to take the effects of turbulent flow anisotropy into account. Compared with the four TNO model variants tested, the current modified model has strong delta noise prediction ability, and is able to predict sound pressure level spectra that are more consistent and closer to measurements for the vast majority of aerofoils and flow conditions tested in the two wind tunnels. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fluent数值模拟重力坝坝基渗流场的准确性分析

为探明程序中多孔介质模型求解重力坝坝基渗流场问题的准确性,采用基于有限体积法的Fluent 数值模拟程序求解坝基渗流场,以半无限深简单地下轮廓线的二维稳定有压渗流场为例,不考虑多物理 场耦合时,基于渗流理论,采用理论求解法计算渗流场各测点表征量的精确解,并与Fluent后处理程序 输出的相应测点同一表征量的数值模拟结果进行了比较。结果表明,基于有限体积法的数值模拟结果与 理论解相比误差在3%以内,可满足工程精度要求。     

反渗透海水淡化旋转式压力能回收装置中液柱活塞的数值模拟研究

旋转式压力能回收装置通过高低压流体直接接触实现能量的交换,而海水浓度变化甚微,实现这一过程的关键是在转子孔道内形成液柱活塞。建立了带有转动影响的二维数学模型,利用计算流体软件对液柱活塞进行模拟．从而分析了液柱活塞的形成过程及其特点。最后,通过线形回归的方法得到关于容积效率的经验公式。探索对装置设计起指导意义的规律。     

超临界喷雾中涡的演化过程数值研究

针对Sandia国家实验室关于正十二烷喷雾的试验数据,基于开源软件平台OpenFoam,采用大涡模拟方法对以正十二烷为燃料喷入超临界和亚临界环境中的喷雾过程进行了三维数值模拟。该喷雾模型使用Peng–Robinson状态方程及真实流体的热物性和输运系数计算方法。将计算得到的喷雾贯穿距和燃油质量分数与试验结果进行对比,证明所构建的喷雾模型能准确地捕捉超临界状态下喷雾的特征。通过对超临界和亚临界两种环境下喷雾过程的比较,重点研究了不同环境下燃油扩散混合过程的差异和涡的演化过程。计算结果表明,超临界环境下的射流扩散率和扩散角度均大于亚临界,在超临界环境下燃油射流与环境气体间的扩散混合效率更高。射流在超临界状态下会加速涡的形成,从而促进射流与周围气体的混合。射流与周围气体间的速度梯度是决定高速射流中涡演化过程的主要因素。超临界环境下大密度梯度的存在会使斜压转矩增大,从而促进涡的发展,密度梯度对射流发展有着重要影响。     

Numerical simulation of air flow field in high-pressure fan with splitter blades

For a deeper understanding of the flow characteristics in the high-pressure centrifugal blower of a fan of Model 9–26 with splitter blades, a three dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation of air flows in the fan was conducted with FLUENT software. The standard k-ε turbulent model and unstructured grids were used. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results showed that the performance of a fan could be improved by adding the splitter blades in the channel among the leaf blades. Under operational conditions, with the presence of splitter blades, the air flow rate of the fan increased about 5% and the total pressure at the outlet of the fan increased about 10% on average. It was also found that the length of the splitter blades affected the air flow and pressure drop. There is an optimal value for the length. The simulation results provide helpful information for improving the fan performance. __________ Translated from Fluid Machinery, 2007, 35(10): 29–32 [译自:流体机械]     

Numerical analysis of heat transfer under a radiant warmer

The main objective of this paper is to present numerical modeling and assessment of heat transfer in neonatology. In the present study, numerical simulation is performed over a simplified infant model with specific boundary conditions in a closed chamber. The proposed approach is based on three‐dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to capture the combined effect of air flow and heat transfer phenomena: natural convection and radiation heat transfer taking place around an infant and radiant lamp. A 3D model is numerically investigated using the commercial CFD package StarCCM+. The results presented are compared and found to be in qualitative agreement with the results available in the literature and published measurement data.     

列车车厢内火灾烟气运动的数值模拟研究

使用大涡模拟和Smagorinsky亚格子尺度模型，以及简单化学快速反应燃烧模型，对列车车厢内火灾现象进行了数值模拟。由于热烟气的弱可压缩性，采用了适合于低马赫数形式的三维非稳态Navier—Stokes方程的近似形式数值研究烟气的输运过程。通过对不同释热率情况下火灾过程的研究，初步探讨了车厢内火灾发展、烟气运动和温度分布规律。采用的研究方法和所得结论对于列车火灾的防护设计和安全管理方面有一定指导意义。