Energy output estimation for small-scale wind power generators using Weibull-representative wind data

Estimation of energy output for small-scale wind power generators is the subject of this article. Monthly wind energy production is estimated using the Weibull-representative wind data for a total of 96 months, from 5 different locations in the world. The Weibull parameters are determined based on the wind distribution statistics calculated from the measured data, using the gamma function. The wind data in relative frequency format is obtained from these calculated Weibull parameters. The wind speed data in time-series format and the Weibull-representative wind speed data are used to calculate the wind energy output of a specific wind turbine. The monthly energy outputs calculated from the time-series and the Weibull-representative data are compared. It is shown that the Weibull-representative data estimate the wind energy output very accurately. The overall error in estimation of monthly energy outputs for the total 96 months is 2.79%.     

Dynamic wind response of tall buildings using artificial neural network

This paper presents an alternative approach for predicting the dynamic wind response of tall buildings using artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model was developed, trained, and validated based on the data generated in the context of Indian Wind Code (IWC), IS 875 (Part 3):2015. According to the IWC, dynamic wind responses can be calculated for a specific configuration of buildings. The dynamic wind loads and their corresponding responses of structures other than the specified configurations in IWC have to be estimated by wind tunnel tests or computational techniques, which are expensive and time intensive. Alternatively, ANN is an efficient and economical computational analysis tool that can be implemented to estimate the dynamic wind response of a building. In this paper, ANN models were developed to predict base shear and base bending moment of a tall building in along‐ and across‐wind direction by giving the input as the configuration of the building, wind velocity, and terrain category. Multilayer perceptron ANN models with back‐propagation training algorithm was adopted. On comparison of results, it was found that the predicted values obtained from the ANN models and the calculated responses acquired using IWC standards are almost similar. Using the best fit model of ANN, an extensive parametric study was performed to predict the dynamic wind response of tall buildings for the configurations on which IWC is silent. Based on the results obtained from this study, design charts are developed for the prediction of dynamic wind response of tall buildings.     

基于CPTu数据的黏性土不排水抗剪强度#br# 神经网络预测

利用人工神经网络模型,建立基于孔压静力触探（CPTu）现场测试数据的黏性土不排水抗剪强度的预测方法。为建立和验证人工神经网络模型,在3个场地开展CPTu和十字板剪切现场测试,共取得33个测孔的CPTu试验数据和相对应的不排水抗剪强度实测值。通过对比分析不同输入向量、不同网络隐层数、不同神经元数及不同改进算法对人工神经网络模型性能的影响,确定人工神经网络模型的具体形式。通过对训练组数据开展机器学习,所建立的人工神经网络模型能够有效地基于CPTu获得的端阻力和孔隙水压力现场测试数据对黏土不排水抗剪强度进行预测,预测结果与十字板剪切试验实测结果非常接近。与传统用于估算不排水强度的经验关系相比,采用人工神经网络模型预测结果与实测结果相关性显著提高、误差明显降低。     

Prediction of bed load sediments using different artificial neural network models

Modeling and prediction of bed loads is an important but difficult issue in river engineering. The introduced empirical equations due to restricted applicability even in similar conditions provide different accuracies with each other and measured data. In this paper, three different artificial neural networks (ANNs) including multilayer percepterons, radial based function (RBF), and generalized feed forward neural network using five dominant parameters of bed load transport formulas for the Main Fork Red River in Idaho-USA were developed. The optimum models were found through 102 data sets of flow discharge, flow velocity, water surface slopes, flow depth, and mean grain size. The deficiency of empirical equations for this river by conducted comparison between measured and predicted values was approved where the ANN models presented more consistence and closer estimation to observed data. The coefficient of determination between measured and predicted values for empirical equations varied from 0.10 to 0.21 against the 0.93 to 0.98 in ANN models. The accuracy performance of all models was evaluated and interpreted using different statistical error criteria, analytical graphs and confusion matrixes. Although the ANN models predicted compatible outputs but the RBF with 79% correct classification rate corresponding to 0.191 network error was outperform than others.     

Construction equipment productivity estimation using artificial neural network model

Estimating equipment production rates is both an art and a science. An accurate prediction of the productivity of earthmoving equipment is critical for accurate construction planning and project control. Owing to the unique work requirements and changeable environment of each construction project, the influences of job and management factors on operation productivity are often very complex. Hence, construction productivity estimation, even for an operation with well‐known equipment and work methods, can be challenging. This study develops and compares two methods for estimating construction productivity of dozer operations (the transformed regression analysis, and a non‐linear analysis using neural network model). It is the hypothesis of this study that the proposed neural networks model may improve productivity estimation models because of the neural network's inherent ability to capture non‐linearity and the complexity of the changeable environment of each construction project. The comparison of results suggests that the non‐linear artificial neural network (ANN) has the potential to improve the equipment productivity estimation model.     

Application of artificial neural network for performance evaluation of vertical axis wind turbine rotor

In the present paper, artificial neural network (ANN) modelling has been performed for evaluating power coefficient (C_p) and torque coefficient (C_t) of a combined three-bucket-Savonius and three-bladed-Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine rotor, which has got potential for power generation in a small-scale manner, especially in low wind speed conditions. However, detailed experimental work on the rotor for evaluating its performance parameters is either scarce or too costly and time consuming to carry out. In this work, a new ANN modelling method is adopted to map the input–output parameters using very small training data sets, selected from past experimental results of the rotor. The trained ANN models are used to predict the performance data, which are obtained within acceptable error limits. Furthermore, to evaluate the fit values and estimate the variance of the predicted data by the ANN models, linear regression equations are fitted to the experimental and predicted results, which shows that R-squared (R²) values are obtained close to unity meaning good fitting of the data. Moreover, the results of ANN modelling are also compared with that of radial basis function (RBF) networks, which also show a good agreement between ANN predicted data and RBF network data. The present ANN models can be exploited to extract more performance data within a given range of input data.     

Prediction of roadheader performance by artificial neural network

Performance prediction of the roadheaders is one of the main subjects in determining the economics of the underground excavation projects. During the last decades, researchers have focused on developing performance prediction models for roadheaders. In the first stage of this study, the performance of a roadheader used in Kucuksu sewage tunnel (Istanbul) was recorded in detail and the instantaneous cutting rate (ICR) of the machine was determined. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and rock quality designation (RQD) are used as input parameters in previously developed empirical models in order to point out the efficiency of these models, and the relationships between measured and predicted ICR for different encountered formations. In the second stage of the study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique is used for predicting of the ICR of the roadheader. A data set including UCS, RQD, and measured ICR are established. It is traced that a neural network with two inputs (RQD and UCS) and one hidden layer can be sufficient for the estimation of ICR. In addition, it is determined that increase in number of neurons in hidden layer has positive optimizing on the performance of the ANN and a hidden layer larger than 10 neurons does not have a significant effect on optimizing the performance of the neural network. Furthermore, probability of memorizing is being recognized in this situation. Based on this study, it is concluded that the prediction capacity of ANN is better than the empirical models developed previously.     

Prediction of blast-induced ground vibration using artificial neural network

An attempt has been made to evaluate and predict the blast-induced ground vibration and frequency by incorporating rock properties, blast design and explosive parameters using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. A three-layer, feed-forward back-propagation neural network having 15 hidden neurons, 10 input parameters and two output parameters were trained using 154 experimental and monitored blast records from one of the major producing surface coal mines in India. Twenty new blast data sets were used for the validation and comparison of the peak particle velocity (PPV) and frequency by ANN and other predictors. To develop more confidence in the proposed method, same data sets have also been used for the prediction of PPV by commonly used vibration predictors as well as by multivariate regression analysis (MVRA). Results were compared based on correlation and mean absolute error (MAE) between monitored and predicted values of PPV and frequency.     

基于模糊神经网络的规则巨型框架结构风荷载特性预测与研究

应用模糊神经网络方法,结合规则的巨型框架结构的风洞试验,成功地预测了表面有凸出梁柱的规则巨型框架结构的风压分布特性.结果表明,采用该方法可以综合考虑各因素的影响,并能有效、简捷地处理常规方法难以解决的问题.     

基于人工神经网络的复合地基沉降预测

利用人工神经网络强大的非线性映射和学习能力,提出了基于人工神经网络的复合地基沉降预测新方法.该方法利用实测资料直接建模,避免了传统方法计算过程中各种人为因素的干扰,所建立的模型预测精度高、简便易行,因此具有广泛的工程实用价值.     

基于MATLAB BP神经网络的岩溶渗漏污染预测一例

本文以摆纪磷石膏堆场为研究对象,采用了地下水物质迁移模型中的"黑箱"模型,即运用MATLAB的BP神经网络建立磷石膏堆场岩溶渗漏污染预测模型,实现了人工神经网络对堆场岩溶渗漏污染的预测。在岩溶渗漏管道为单一管道类型时,模型预测值基本与实测值吻合,误差较小,效果较为理想。但对复杂的岩溶渗漏管道类型,虽然能大致反映出污染物浓度变化的趋势,但模型精度不够,误差较大,因此还需进一步收集数据进行模型的优化,使其达到理想的预测效果。     

应用人工神经网络预测建筑物空调负荷

用VB编制了人工神经网络的通用BP算法程序。根据西安参考年气象参数，采用动态模拟程序计算了菜办公楼4月至9月逐时冷负荷，结果显示利用神经网络的预测值与计算值吻合。     

Prediction of blast-induced ground vibration using artificial neural networks

Blasting is still being considered to be one the most important applicable alternatives for conventional tunneling. Ground vibration generated due to blasting is an undesirable phenomenon which is harmful for the nearby habitants and dwellings and should be prevented. In this paper, an attempt has been made to predict blast-induced ground vibration using artificial neural network (ANN) in the Siahbisheh project, Iran. To construct the model maximum charge per delay, distance from blasting face to the monitoring point, stemming and hole depth are taken as input parameters, whereas, peak particle velocity (PPV) is considered as an output parameter. A database consisting of 182 datasets was collected at different strategic and vulnerable locations in and around the project. From the prepared database, 162 datasets were used for the training and testing of the network, whereas 20 randomly selected datasets were used for the validation of the ANN model. A four layer feed-forward back-propagation neural network with topology 4-10-5-1 was found to be optimum. To compare performance of the ANN model with empirical predictors as well as regression analysis, the same database was applied. Superiority of the proposed ANN model over empirical predictors and statistical model was examined by calculating coefficient of determination for predicted and measured PPV. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to get the influence of each parameter on PPV. It was found that distance from blasting face is the most effective and stemming is the least effective parameter on the PPV.     

BP人工神经网络在混凝土耐久性评价上的应用

混凝土耐久性评价与预测一直是学术界与工程界的研究热点,常规的预测模型主要基于某几项指标,形式因个人的理解不同而各异.一种仿生模型--人工神经网络则能很好地解决这个难题,试验尝试用BP人工神经网络对多种配后比的混凝土进行耐久性评价与预测,结果表明此模型的可靠度很高,可以用以优化混凝土的配合比设计.     

岩爆预测的人工神经网络模型

选取岩石抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性能量指数和洞壁最大切向应力作为岩爆预测的评判指标 ,建立了岩爆预测的神经网络模型 ,对岩爆的发生及其烈度进行预测。实例计算表明 ,用人工神经网络方法进行岩爆预测是可行有效的     

Prediction of effective thermal conductivity of moist porous materials using artificial neural network approach

An artificial neural networks (ANNs) approach is presented for the prediction of effective thermal conductivity of porous systems filled with different liquids. ANN models are based on feedforward backpropagation network with training functions: Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), conjugate gradient with Fletcher–Reeves updates (CGF), one-step secant (OSS), conjugates gradient with Powell–Beale restarts (CGB), Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfrab and Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton (BFG), conjugates gradient with Polak–Ribiere updates (CGP). Training algorithm for neurons and hidden layers for different feedforward backpropagation networks at the uniform threshold function TANSIG-PURELIN are used and run for 1000 epochs. The complex structure encountered in moist porous materials, along with the differences in thermal conductivity of the constituents makes it difficult to predict the effective thermal conductivity accurately. For this reason, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been utilized in this field. The resultant predictions of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of moist porous materials by the different models of ANN agree well with the available experimental data.     

Prediction of contamination potential of groundwater arsenic in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand using artificial neural network

The arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater has increasingly been recognized as a major global issue of concern. As groundwater resources are one of most important freshwater sources for water supplies in Southeast Asian countries, it is important to investigate the spatial distribution of As contamination and evaluate the health risk of As for these countries. The detection of As contamination in groundwater resources, however, can create a substantial labor and cost burden for Southeast Asian countries. Therefore, modeling approaches for As concentration using conventional on-site measurement data can be an alternative to quantify the As contamination. The objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive performance of four different models; specifically, multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), artificial neural network (ANN), and the combination of principal components and an artificial neural network (PC-ANN) in the prediction of As concentration, and to provide assessment tools for Southeast Asian countries including Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. The modeling results show that the prediction accuracy of PC-ANN (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients: 0.98 (traning step) and 0.71 (validation step)) is superior among the four different models. This finding can be explained by the fact that the PC-ANN not only solves the problem of collinearity of input variables, but also reflects the presence of high variability in observed As concentrations. We expect that the model developed in this work can be used to predict As concentrations using conventional water quality data obtained from on-site measurements, and can further provide reliable and predictive information for public health management policies.     

大跨度煤棚主体结构设计风荷载的神经网络建模研究及应用

风荷载是大跨度煤棚结构设计中的主要控制荷载。随着结构抗风研究尤其是风洞试验数据的积累,结合数据挖掘进行结构智能化抗风设计是一种趋势。基于701组工况4581个柱面及球面屋盖风洞试验样本进行数据挖掘和统计分析,建立了脉动风荷载参数的广义回归神经网络预测模型;通过对12480个工况的单、双层柱面及球面网壳结构进行参数化风振响应分析,总结了等效静风荷载的经验表达式;建立了基于人工神经网络预测气动风荷载的主体结构等效静风荷载的抗风设计基本框架,并通过国内某超大跨度干煤棚张弦结构进行了有效性验证。结果表明：采用本文提出的风荷载数据库预测与等效静风荷载方法效率较高,且能够在一定程度包络风振响应分析结果,可用于结构初步设计阶段对主体结构设计风荷载快速预估。     

基于BP神经网络的管网维修管径预测分析

以MH水司2004-2012年供水管网维修数据作为研究对象,以BP神经网络模型为研究方法,构建了MH水司供水管网维修的预测模型,对供水管网中待维修管道和管件的管径分布作了短期趋势预测。预测结果表明,该模型的预测精度较高,平均偏差最大为0．0054,均方差最大为0．0077;并给出了DN≤50、50〈DN≤100、100〈DN≤150、150〈DN≤200、200〈DN≤300、300〈DN≤500、500〈DN≤800和800〈DN≤1600的管道维修数量在历年和年内管道维修记录统计分析结果中的变化规律。     

On the estimation of wind speed in urban canyons for ventilation purposes—Part 1: Coupling between the undisturbed wind speed and the canyon wind

The present paper presents a computational methodology to calculate the wind speed in canyons when there is a coupling between the undisturbed wind speed and the airflow inside the canyon. This can happen when the undisturbed wind speed above the canyon exceeds a threshold values, i.e. 4 m/sec. The proposed algorithms are presented in details. Experimental data collected through extensive monitoring in four urban canyons in Athens Greece, are used to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. A very good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical is found for most of the cases. The proposed model can be used to calculate the wind speed in canyons for natural ventilation purposes or for any other type of studies where the wind speed is required.