Potential of renewable energy system utilisation at decentralised level in the state of Uttarakhand in India

ABSTRACT

Design and implementation of an effective dissemination programme for decentralised renewable energy system necessitate an accurate estimate of its utilisation potential. Hence, in this study, an attempt has been made to develop frameworks to estimate the utilisation potential of decentralised renewable energy systems in the state of Uttarakhand in India. Estimations imply large resource, technical and economic potentials of the domestic solar water heater, solar home system, solar lantern, family size biogas plant and improved biomass cookstove in Uttarakhand. With higher impact on the purchasing power of households, prevailing soft loan scheme has been found to be more appropriate than a capital subsidy for promoting the usage of decentralised renewable energy systems.     

绿色住宅建设中的可再生能源技术

近年绿色建筑和可再生能源技术越来越得到社会和业界的认同,文章从近年来在智能小区建设中常用的太阳能发电、风力发电、太阳导光管照明、太阳能灯具、LED节能灯、太阳能热水、中水回收和雨水收集利用、地源和水源热泵等方面入手,阐述采用可再生能源技术的应用前景及其重要作用.     

复合式能源系统在建筑节能方面的应用效果

以某酒店工程的能源系统为例,通过复合式可再生能源供给,满足酒店运行所需的能源。其中,电力源由地面光伏发电、光伏建筑一体化发电、风光互补发电、市政供电及自备发电机组成;冷热源由高温地热水、太阳能集热、水源热泵及常规锅炉组成。通过酒店智能化弱电系统调配各种能源形式,形成先后利用关系,尽量优先利用免费的可再生能源,减少化石能源的利用,最大限度地降低酒店能耗,使该酒店成为实际意义上的节能低碳建筑。     

Generation of solar irradiation maps for various applications under Algerian clear-sky conditions

The present study deals with drawing solar irradiation maps for Algeria using the r.sun solar clear-sky model. In addition to the mapping of beam and global solar irradiation, the district potentials for concentrating solar power designs, solar photovoltaic technologies and water heater systems are also assessed. The program was developed using C language. The developed program is in the position to calculate the different components of solar irradiation based on the r.sun model. To improve the accuracy of irradiation estimates, we have used one-arc-minute digital elevation model, in order to consider the topography and elevation effects associated with 1.85?km step Linke's turbidity maps as input to the program. The results reveal a high potential of solar irradiation over the entire Algerian territory, especially in the Saharan regions. Further, it was also found that the solar irradiation distribution was influenced by the topography and climatic conditions throughout the country.     

太阳能路灯的设计与应用

本文首先提出可再生能源的利用,接着介绍太阳能路灯的组成,分析了各部分的工作原理、工作特点,介绍简要的设计方法及设计中的几点体会,最后提出太阳能路灯的应用场所,展望太阳能路灯的发展前景。     

光伏建筑一体化技术与工程应用

可持续发展是人类社会的共同追求,太阳能作为清洁、可再生能源,具有巨大的开发利用价值。光伏建筑一体化技术是将光伏发电与建筑完美结合,将光伏组件融合到建筑成为建筑的整体结构的一部分,实现太阳能利用与建筑物的完美结合,体现现代建筑的环保绿色设计理念。     

Controlling power output of solar chimney power plant according to demand

ABSTRACT

The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is a simple solar thermal power plant that is capable of converting solar energy into thermal energy in the solar collector. In the second stage, the generated thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy in the chimney and ultimately into electric energy using a combination of a wind turbine and a generator. The numerical simulations were performed for the geometry of the prototype in Manzanares, Spain. Using computational ?uid dynamics (CFD) techniques; we have simulated a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of a SCPP with the RNG k-ε turbulence. In this model, the discrete ordinates (DO) radiation model was implemented to solve the radiative transfer equation, using a two-band radiation model. The main objective of this work is to explore dynamic control over plant power output. We have presented a technique to control the power output of the solar chimney power plant, in order to deliver power according to specified demand patterns. In order to present this, the reference plant model was modified to include a secondary and tertiary collector roof under the existing main collector. In terms of base load electricity generation, the inclusion of a secondary and tertiary collector roof produces good control over plant output.     

Studies on solar power satellites with down-converter solar cells

The Solar Power Satellite (SPS) is a renewable energy technology potentially capable of meeting the projected worldwide energy demand for future generations. Some general aspects of SPSs are discussed in this paper. It was calculated that a power output of 97.24?MW (almost double the power produced by a typical natural gas plant) could be generated using a theoretical system with solar photovoltaics with a total optimised dimension of 0.18?km². Among the potential problems discussed are the possible effect of microwaves on living organisms and the high capital costs involved in building and launching the satellite into a suitable orbit.     

24V/5A太阳能控制器设计

近年来再生能源技术广受重视,而太阳能发电由于有先进的电力电子技术辅助,已成为极具潜力的再生能源之一。文章介绍了太阳能电池的基本原理和伏安特性,提供了一套小24V/5A太阳能控制器的电路。该电路将太阳能电池阵列与蓄电池直接耦合,采用低功耗的单片机P87LPC767作为控制回路的核心,实时测量蓄电池的端电压,通过脉宽调制控制太阳能电池阵列的充电电压,并通过功率管控制蓄电池与负载的通断,实现对蓄电池的放电保护。     

Renewable energy potential and adoption of renewable portfolio standards

Thirty states have adopted renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) that set targets for renewable energy generation by mandating electric power utilities obtain a minimum percentage of their retail load from renewable sources. To date, a number of studies have consistently found that political and economic factors impact RPS adoption. Studies have also examined the impact of renewable energy potential in a state on the probability of RPS adoption, but results have largely been statistically weak and inconclusive. After controlling for political and economic factors, we estimate that a one standard deviation increase in wind potential is associated with an approximately 4.2 percentage point increase in the probability of having an RPS, and a one standard deviation increase in solar potential is associated with a 6.1 percentage point increase in the probability of having an RPS.     

当今世界太阳能热水器的发展状况

世界能源统计报告资料显示,常规能源可供人类使用的时间非常短暂,能源安全形势非常严峻.为了解决这一问题,从20世纪70年代开始,科学家就开始研究可再生能源的利用,太阳能以其经济、安全等优点,成为可再生能源开发中的重要组成部分.从论述全球常规能源现状,国际太阳能以及中国太阳能热水器的发展现状着手,指出世界太阳能市场正面临一个难得的发展机遇,我们应该把握机遇,不断提高太阳能产品质量及技术水平,使我国真正成为太阳能热利用的强国.     

Analysis and design of a robust controller for a grid-connected photovoltaic power plant

ABSTRACT

Application of renewable energy systems has a drastic impact on the present power system. In particular, solar photovoltaic power generation is expanding exponentially. Hence, in this article analysis and design of a 1 Mega Watt (1?MW) solar power plant has been modelled. The obtained power is given as an input to the voltage source converter, which contently regulates the active and reactive power by controlling the pulse width modulation signals. In this article, robust control schemes were discussed to support the required active and reactive power. Further, a detailed analysis has been presented at various fault conditions and the results are explored.     

现代办公建筑设计中太阳能应用初探

介绍了建筑总平面设计中的太阳能运用及建筑中太阳光线的合理利用,并对太阳能热水及太阳能空调、太阳能发电技术作了探析,通过太阳能的综合利用,从而达到改善办公环境、节约能源的目的。     

现代城市建筑中太阳能技术的应用

在环境问题日益凸现的今天,太阳能作为一种可再生的清洁能源被人们誉为21世纪最有希望的能源.当前太阳能最具潜力的发展领域就是在建筑中的利用.现代城市建筑中太阳能技术的应用已经成为建筑节能领域的技术热点.针对我国目前太阳能在建筑上的利用现状,分析了建筑一体化的太阳能热水系统和太阳能光伏系统.     

太阳能光伏发电路灯照明工程设计方法探析

太阳能光伏发电是近年来新兴的环保、节能、清洁的可再生能源,开发利用太阳能对于解决能源紧缺、环境污染问题至关重要.就如何利用太阳能光伏发电解决路灯照明设计问题作了重点介绍,依据国家有关规范、标准,按照设计流程逐步介绍了系统构成,设计方法,经验数据、计算公式等内容,旨在有助于推动规模化太阳能光伏发电照明方面的开发利用,以获取更多、更好的经济、社会、环境效益.     

太阳能利用及太阳能与风力发电联合供热系统

为了利用太阳能与风能解决建筑能源供应问题,实现建筑节能和环境保护,提出综合利用太阳能与风能的供热系统——太阳能与风力发电联合供热系统。探讨了太阳能热利用装置及其局限性,研究了太阳能与风力发电联合供热系统的流程及其优势。     

Assessment of water availability for wet cooling at potential locations for solar thermal power generation in India

ABSTRACT

This study presents the results of a preliminary attempt to assess water availability for wet-cooled solar thermal power plants at potential locations in India. A total of 95 locations with sufficient wastelands and annual average DNI more than 2000?kWh/m² have been considered for the analysis. Options of rainwater harvesting and groundwater extraction have been explored. It was observed that with rainwater harvesting, only 12 locations in different states are suitable for adoption of wet cooling. Further, with only groundwater extraction option, only one location in the state of Madhya Pradesh is found to be suitable for adoption of wet cooling. By combining both the approaches, it is observed that 28 of the 95 locations would have sufficient water available to meet the requirements of the plant. In the remaining 67 potential locations, the adoption of other available cooling options with relatively lesser water requirements may be appropriate.     

太阳能光伏发电技术对建筑电气设计的影响

建筑中的电气设计是建筑工程的电能资源的主要来源,在建筑工程中有着十分重要的作用。由于当前社会科技的发展,太阳能光伏发电技术在建筑电气设计中得到广泛的应用。本文就建筑电气设计中太阳能光伏发电技术的应用进行探讨。     

某太阳能光伏并网发电工程的分析

研究了太阳能光伏发电系统的组成及光伏发电基本原理,简单概述了光伏发电的优点和局限性,结合实例对太阳能光伏发电工程进行了分析,得出现阶段太阳能发电系统可以并网运行,但不能倒送电的结论。     

某示范小区节能技术应用介绍

详细介绍了装饰保温一体化、太阳能热水系统、风光互补发电系统等技术在某小区中的应用情况,为此类技术在河南地区的应用提供借鉴。