Annual performance analysis of various energy storage materials in the upper basin of a double-basin solar still with vacuum tubes

ABSTRACT

A double-basin solar still with vacuum tubes showed impressive distillate output due to getting potable water from lower and upper basins. But it is also true that distillate output of the upper basin is lower compared with that of the lower basin. Hence, work is required to increase distillate output of the upper basin. In the present work, the upper basin was used with various energy-absorbing materials like black granite gravel, pebbles and calcium stones. The main purpose of using absorbing materials is to store excess energy during sunshine hours and release during off-sunshine hours. Therefore, the distillate output of the upper basin is increased compared with a still with only an upper basin. Hence, continuous work on a double-basin solar still with vacuum tubes (DBSWVT) by putting above energy absorbing materials is carried out during clear sky days of July 2014 and in June 2014. For comparison of a still with energy-absorbing materials, experimental readings of three days of May 2014 (1st, 5th and 9th) are chosen to determine the performance output of the present still with the said energy-absorbing materials. At last, yearly average distillate output of DBSWVT is carried out with said energy absorbing materials, cost of potable water/INR, energy payback time found 0.509 and 109 days. Also, on comparison with other researchers’ work in terms of percentage increment in distillate output 229.2% increment was found compared with a passive solar still.     

适用于寒冷地区的太阳能与低温空气源热泵复合空调系统

针对我国寒冷地区的气候特点,提出太阳能复合低温空气源热泵的供暖系统形式,并介绍了系统组成和全年主要的运行模式.以乌鲁木齐市某住宅建筑为对象,分析该系统在寒冷地区应用的可行性.由分析结果可知,与热网供暖和分体空调器制冷的组合系统相比,该系统的运行费用大大降低,系统投资回收期约为5.9 a,节能率约为12.7%.     

Embodied energy and cost of building materials: correlation analysis

The US building sector consumes 48% of the nation’s annual energy as operating and embodied energy. Calculating embodied energy is difficult, complex and more resource-consuming than calculating operating energy due to a lack of complete, accurate and specific embodied energy data. One commonly used method to calculate embodied energy is input–output-based (IO) analysis, which utilizes economic data. The use of economic data indicates some relationship between embodied energy and cost. Some studies have investigated whether the embodied energy of a building can be predicted from its cost. These studies analyzed the relationship of the cost and embodied energy of a building and found a strong, positive correlation. However, when analyzed at the material level, the correlation weakened. This paper develops an improved input–output-based hybrid (IOH) model to calculate the complete, accurate and material-specific embodied energy of 21 commonly used building materials. After calculating and evaluating the embodied energy, the correlation of the embodied energy and cost of materials was analyzed. The results demonstrate a very strong and positive correlation between embodied energy and cost. In conclusion, more research may be required to predict embodied energy from cost data.     

污水的内含能及污水处理过程的耗能与节能

污水处理是一个高能耗、低能效的复杂过程。改变传统认知,将污染物当作能量物质加以资源化,回用于水处理过程或者产品化,可改变污水处理的能耗。以城市污水与焦化废水为例,分析了水质中污染物具有的内含能形式,并探讨了两种计算方法,指出内含能利用的两类可能途径和最大限度。基于热力学基本定律与污水水质特征,辅以适当的当量假设,分析了污水处理过程中的不同形式能量消耗及其原因,运用能流图表达了两个具体案例的能量转化与分布规律。比较了污水处理两类节能评价方法的优异性,提出了未来水处理可能的节能新途径。在加深污水内含能认识的基础上,结合相关产业与工艺技术,分离回收有价值成分,如营养物(氮、磷)、重金属等,并获得水资源的再利用,以间接补偿处理过程的能耗,从而实现节能目标。     

Annual performance analysis of a single-basin passive solar still coupled with evacuated tubes: comprehensive study in climate conditions of Mahesana,Gujarat

A solar still is very simple device to convert available brackish or saline water into drinkable water by use of solar energy. But due to its lower distillate output, it is not used widely for industrial and domestic potable water application. In the present research paper, annual performance analysis of a single-basin passive solar still with vacuum tubes (SBSWVT) is carried out in climate conditions of Mahesna, Gujarat, India, during July 2011–June 2012. From constant research work of 1 year, energy payback time of 176 days and cost of water produced of around 0.716?Rs per litre have been found.     

浅谈太阳能建筑

针对建筑节能的重要性,阐述了太阳能建筑的定义,分析了太阳能建筑的理念,探讨了太阳能建筑在节能省地型住宅建设中的应用,强调了在太阳能建筑推广中应综合考虑的因素,以更好地发展太阳能建筑。     

武汉市某政府办公楼的能耗模拟与节能措施分析

根据武汉市某政府办公楼的能源审计与能耗模拟,得到了该大楼的各项能耗指标.给出了围护结构、空调系统、照明系统的节能改造方案以及投资回收期,并探讨了室内温度及系统COP值的设定.     

浅谈建筑太阳能一体化设计

阐述了太阳能利用在建筑节能中的重要意义,对推广中应注意的一些问题提出一些建议,并介绍了太阳能与建筑的几种结合方式,探讨了太阳能建筑节能的可持续发展前景,以促进建筑节能的发展。     

山西太阳能供热领域应用分析

介绍了山西省太阳能利用的地域优势及政策环境,探讨了太阳能采暖系统被动和主动方式实施方法,并着重对被动阳光暖房和较为典型的主动式太阳能采暖系统进行了研究,为太阳能光热系统的开发利用奠定了基础。     

在太原地区节能建筑中利用太阳能采暖的评价

通过分析、理论计算认为太原地区节能建筑中有效利用太阳能采暖,不仅可以降低供热系统的初投资和维护管理费用,保证居住环境舒适,同时还会取得较大的节能效果。     

太阳能在智能建筑中的应用

介绍了太阳能利用技术在建筑中的应用,包括太阳能热水、太阳能采暖、太阳能光伏发电、太阳能制冷以及空调和照明系统等,并将其原理作了研究,提出太阳能与智能建筑结合,建筑的节能减排效益更加显著,应大力推广。     

太阳能集热器与建筑的一体化设计方法初探

针对我国目前太阳能在建筑上的利用现状,提出了太阳能集热器与建筑相结合的设计方法及相关建议,阐述了太阳能集热器在建筑中的一体化应用情况,以加快太阳能与建筑结合应用技术开发的步伐。     

浅谈太阳能建筑一体化在福建的应用

太阳能与建筑一体化是将太阳能利用设施与建筑有机结合,利用太阳能集热器替代屋顶覆盖层或替代屋顶保温层,即部分立面外墙、护栏、窗玻璃与建筑融为一体的完美结合,既消除了太阳能对建筑物立面的影响,又减少了重复投资,降低了成本。太阳能与建筑一体化是未来太阳能技术和节能环保建筑发展的方向。     

Economic and exergy investigation of triangular pyramid solar still integrated to inclined solar still with baffles

This paper presents the detailed exergy and economic investigation of triangular pyramid solar still under passive and active mode of operation. For validation, experiments were carried out at different water depth maintained inside the basin under a continuous flow of water from an inclined solar still. Results confirm that the effect of integration rises the exergy efficiency during the offshine period, whereas during the sunshine hours the exergy efficiency decreases when the maintained the depth of water inside basin decreases. Similar study on economic analysis shows that the net pay back period increases from 5.6 to 11.4 with an increase in the water depth at an average selling price of water Rs 5/kg in a standalone triangular pyramid solar still.     

Fabrication of solar energy UAV

ABSTRACT

Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) are of tremendous help in the situations where human loss and injury can be avoided. Solar energy is completely dependable and bolstering form of energy which would be compliant to quench the needs of future energy requirements. Combining both Solar power and UAV will but buttress a variety of operations, limited only by imagination. The aircraft we have designed is in UAV, which can be used for short-range surveillance. The UAV runs on solar power and electric motors and therefore is reliable, cost-effective and non-polluting. Unlike others, UAVs are very light weight, making them portable. The wing uses SD7032 aero foil to support the sail plane characteristics of the t UAV. The tail plane is of V tail type to cut down weight. It can be controlled from the ground using a transmitter/receiver set. Proper utilisation of the UAV promises life-saving situations and a perfect substitute for manned surveillance.     

浅析太阳能一体化

分析了我国太阳能建筑一体化现状,以太阳能热水器为例,概述了太阳能建筑一体化存在的问题,并提出了太阳能与建筑一体化的要求与建议,对其前景作了展望,使太阳能热水系统与建筑物实现有机结合。     

简述太阳能技术在建筑设计中的运用

介绍了太阳能光电系统的分类情况,分析了建材—体型太阳电池模板所具有的优势,着重探讨了太阳能热水系统的主要构成部分的功能,并对太阳光源技术在建筑设计中的运用进行了研究,以供参考。     

浅析太阳能在建筑领域的应用发展

通过归纳太阳能利用技术特点,显示出太阳能热利用在节能建筑中的重要地位,对太阳能热利用在建筑领域的现状进行了分析,同时提出了改进对策,以完善太阳能在建筑领域的应用。     

太阳能利用与建筑的一体化设计

通过对太阳能源的再认识，探究建筑设计中如何考虑对太阳能的利用，使人居建筑的设计更能满足人们舒适生活和建筑节能的需求，从而使这一绿色能源能够更好的为人类的生产和生活服务。