Innovation Clusters in Technological Systems: A Network Analysis of 15 OECD Countries for the Mid‐1990s

The paper aims to investigate how innovations cluster in different technological systems (TSs) when their “techno‐economic”, rather than “territorial” space, is considered. Innovation clusters of economic sectors are identified by referring to the innovation “potential” represented by their R&D expenditure and by applying social network analysis to the intersectoral R&D flows matrices of 15 OECD countries in the mid‐1990s. Different clusterization models are first tested in order to detect the way sectors group on the basis of the embodied R&D flows they exchange. Actual clusters are then mapped in the different TSs by looking for intersectoral relationships which can be qualified to constitute “reduced TSs” (ReTSs). In all the 15 TSs investigated the techno‐economic space appears organized in hierarchies, along which its constitutive sectors grouped into clusters with different density and composition. Once ReTSs are looked for, the 15 TSs display highly heterogeneous structures, but with some interesting similarity on the basis of which different clusters of TSs can be identified in turn.     

面向高新技术企业创新战略的标准信息服务研究

文章分析了对高新技术企业标准信息服务的现状,在此基础上探讨了高新技术企业创新战略对标准信息服务的需求,最后结合深圳市标准技术研究院及国内外标准信息服务机构的实践,提出了面向高新技术企业创新战略的标准信息服务对策。     

Government programmes in financing innovations: Comparative innovation system cases of Malaysia and Thailand

This paper explores the main government programmes in financing innovations using comparative innovation system cases of Malaysia and Thailand, the emerging tigers of Asian economies. The study provides an empirical evidence of the innovation financing system based on the National Innovation System (NIS) concept. The main argument of the paper is that the role of the state (government’s role) is necessary to improve a country’s absorptive capacity in order to promote technology development. The results have shown the country-specific configuration of interacting institutions to promote industrial technological capabilities. Innovation policies need to be linked to the overarching economic goals and adequately supported by specific programmes to remedy market failures (underinvestment in research and development).     

Evaluation of city innovation capability using the TOPSIS-based order relation method: The case of Liaoning province,China

Innovation in the knowledge economy is now widely acknowledged as the most important factor accelerating the economic growth at the level of country, region, and city. This paper proposes the TOPSIS-based Order Relation Method (TOPSIS-ORM) to measure and rank the city innovation capability in Liaoning province from 2012 to 2016. For this purpose, an indicator system that includes a set of 12 indicators is first established from the dimensions of innovation input, output, and environment. To determine the indicator weights, the increment and growth rate of each indicator are simultaneously considered in the calculation of the importance of the associated indicator by using dynamic-TOPSIS, and then the ORM is chosen to compute the weighting system. The results show that the innovation capability of most cities in Liaoning province was extremely poor, showing a dramatically downward trend during the studied years. However, Shenyang and Dalian, which have high political hierarchy, achieved a comparatively high innovation performance. Furthermore, cities in southern Liaoning province achieved the highest evaluation values, and the innovation performance of western cities were lagging, which indicates a “hot spot in the South” and “cold spot in the West” characteristic. To illustrate different dimensions, innovation input, output, and environment showed significant fluctuation. By comparing with different indicators, we find the ratio of internet users (C₁₀) to be the primary driving indicator for promoting innovation capability, whereas the ratio of college students (C₁₂) is the common obstacle to improving innovation performance.     

基于计算机辅助创新技术的瓷碟包装结构设计

介绍了计算机辅助创新技术的理论基础TRIZ及相关技术,阐述了计算机辅助创新软件的发展和体系构成。通过瓷碟包装的市场调研,以Pro/innovator 6.0为平台,建立了瓷碟包装的系统模型。利用TRIZ理论对瓷碟包装模型进行了系统分析、问题分解及求解等,经综合分析得到了瓷碟包装结构的创新设计,实现了瓷碟包装保护产品、便于携带的功能,同时具有实用美观的外形。     

Transition from the Triple Helix to N-Tuple Helices? An interview with Elias G. Carayannis and David F. J. Campbell

Given the widespread use of many digitalized communication channels, knowledge production activities have rapidly become interrelated. As the term “network society” implies, knowledge-based innovation systems have been built mainly on the mediated social infrastructure, which has lead to the emergence of the N-Tuple Helix model. I wish to contribute to this special issue by offering an interview with Prof. Dr. Elias G. Carayannis and Dr. David F. J. Campbell, the two co-authors and co-creators of the Quadruple (Government, University, Industry and Civil Society) and Quintuple (Quadruple Innovation Helix plus Environment) Innovation Helix concepts that extend, expand and complement the Triple Innovation Helix rubric. This article starts with brief background information on N-Tuple Helices and concludes with some implications for developing and transitional economies.     

Approaching the technological innovation frontier: evidence from Chinese SOEs

This paper studies how large State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China are approaching the technological innovation frontier and contributes to the literature on technological catching up and leapfrogging by identifying three models or strategies of approaching the innovation frontier. In addition to the well-recognised technology transfer based strategy, pursuing emerging technologies and reinventing mature technology could also be effective, with reinventing mature technology as the most important strategy. The paper also finds that strong internal R&D capability, rather than manufacturing capability as suggested by the extant literature, is the basis of all three models. This also implies that making big organisational transformations such as changing a technology transfer centred R&D function to a proprietary technology development centred R&D function, changing a manufacturing centred culture to an innovation centred culture, and reshaping the innovation network, is an important precondition to approach the innovation frontier.     

Dissertation Review

ABSTRACT

The focus of this paper is on innovation, quality, and productivity. Most American enterprises do not understand the innovation process, but confuse it with the invention process. Illustrations of the application of quality management principles in R&;D, concentrating on the innovation process, are given. Discussed are the implications flowing from the principle that “workers work in a system; the job of the manager is to work on the system to improve it with their help.” Also discussed are the definition of the “internal customer,” flow charting, and Quality Function Deployment.     

质量作为内生变量纳入经济学研究范式初探--兼论经济学供给派的要义

本文通过对创新驱动模型的分析,指出提高市场有效供给的关键是供给方向市场提供具有魅力质量的商品。将质量作为内生变量纳入经济学研究范式,得出以“创新”“标准”“质量”等为核心内容的产业政策是调控市场经济“看得见的手”。本项研究对完善经济学供给学派的理论体系具有理论意义,同时为我国供给侧结构性改革提供了政策工具。     

校地融合视角下的双创街区空间设计研究

探究基于校园文化、地域文化的双创空间设计理论与方法,丰富双创街区的设计理论体系,更好地指导以创新、创业为核心的国家双创示范基地空间设计实践。从校地融合、双创街区的概念入手,以南京“紫金创谷”双创街区为研究对象,通过实地调研法和比较分析法对有关“双创”基地的优势因素与主要矛盾进行阐述,探讨了南京“紫金创谷”双创街区基于校地融合的空间设计策略。校地融合的双创文化空间模式是对国家创新创业体系建设的践行,既可重新激发高校与周边区域的活力使其良性健康发展,形成强大的创新资源集聚区,又能增强和提高各自及整体的创新能力,实现经济效益和社会效益的双赢。     

What Can CIS Data Tell Us about Technological Regimes and Persistence of Innovation?

This paper analyses the link between technological regimes and persistence in innovation at the firm level. It reviews the literature on persistence of innovation, measurement issues and technological regimes. It weighs up the advantages and disadvantages of using Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data in this debate. Technological regimes and innovation persistence are analysed with a balanced panel of around 4,000 firms that responded to the latest three waves of the UK version of the CIS. Key explanatory variables include measures of appropriability, cumulativeness, technological opportunity and closeness to the science base. We find that certain links between type of industry and characteristics of technological regime are more appropriate for analysis using CIS data, whereas others remain problematic.     

基于复杂系统的CESCE研究

针对我国建筑企业存在的信用危机, 提出建立基于复杂系统的建筑企业信 用评价系统（CESCE）。介绍了复杂 系统特点;借鉴复杂系统分析问题的 方法,设计了CESCE的整体架构; 对CESCE的数据库子系统、评价分析子 系统、公告平台子系统进行了系统说明; 详细阐述了建筑企业信用评价指标体系、 分析模型及数据处理方式。     

2007全国视觉传达设计教育论坛暨第三届“设计之星”全国大学生优秀平面设计作品展

去年11月24日,2007全国视觉传达设计教育论坛暨第三届“设计之星”全国大学生优秀平面设计作品展在四川美院隆重开幕。出席此次论坛开幕式的有重庆市委宣传部、市教委等有关单位的领导,以及四川美院院长罗中立、中国美协平面设计艺委会主任、清华美院教授陈汉民、中国美协平面设计艺委会副主任、清华美院副院长何洁等,来自清华美院、中央美院、中国美院、广州美院等高校及多家国内设计协会、机构的专家学者也出席了开幕仪式。     

Open,Semi-Open and Closed Innovators: Towards an Explanation of Degree of Openness

There is much controversy in the literature over the relationship between the openness of firms' innovation strategies and firm characteristics such as size, R&D intensity and sector. We argue that the controversy arises because, both theoretically and empirically, only a binary, open vs. closed, strategy has been considered. In this paper, we distinguish among three firm strategies: open, semi-open and closed, drawing upon a panel of Spanish firms (2004–2006) using data from Community Innovation Survey (CIS)-type surveys, and two different indicators of openness. Our results show that open innovators are smaller and less R&D intensive than semi-open ones, although larger and more R&D intensive than closed innovators. These results reduce some of the controversies, and show that two conflicting forces, absorptive capacity and a “need” effect, are at stake in open innovation strategies.     

India's National and Regional Innovation Systems: Challenges,Opportunities and Recommendations for Policy Makers

There is a need for continuous reforms in India's infrastructure, innovation culture and dynamic leadership to sustain the growth of innovation. The purpose of this empirical study is to gain a better understanding of India's innovation systems. A comprehensive analysis has been done on two levels: on both a national level and a regional level. First, the section about the national level explores and explains the challenges and opportunities of India's innovation capacity using a semi-structured questionnaire of the practitioners. Second, the section about the regional level discusses the clusters formed within India through a mapping of industrial firms, educational/research institutions and innovation parks. Both an empirical activity framework and a functional-based conceptual framework have been presented to highlight the themes of “building-upgrading-promoting” and “democracy-culture-infrastructure”. Finally, this paper makes a theoretical contribution by providing a conceptual framework for studying India's innovation system and giving recommendations to policy makers about sustaining the innovation.     

融合服务设计理念的产品设计创新策略

目的经济发展模式的转型驱动着设计的转型,服务设计是当今服务型经济驱动下,设计发展的新趋势。基于此背景,探讨服务设计理念下产品设计创新的策略。方法采用案例分析法,对典型案例进行分析,并提出P+S、P+E、P+B三种融合服务设计理念的产品设计创新策略。通过实验观察法,观察十二名参与者对三个策略的使用情况,并结合“Mirror Mirror”智能镜子与“Open Sesame”无人商店身份识别系统的设计实践,讨论该策略的可行性。结论服务设计理念的引入能驱动思维模式的转换,借助三种设计策略,将“服务”、“用户体验”、“商业模式”融入到产品设计过程中,推动由单一产品向“产品+服务”的整合性解决方案的转变,给当代产品设计带来了新的机遇。这不仅是未来产品设计创新的重要方向,而且符合服务型经济下设计发展的总趋势。     

“智慧公园”中的景观设施创新设计

在调查、分析与概括智慧技术在城市建设、公园建设以及公共设施的创新应用现状的基础上,对百度AI公园设计进行个案研究,进而归纳与概括出智慧景观设施系统,并在此基础上总结景观创新设计的基本方法。运用文献研究法分析“智慧公园”中的景观设施发展现状;运用案例分析法分析百度AI公园中的智慧技术创新应用的方法;运用理论归纳和演绎法分析景观设施系统以及景观设施创新方法。智慧技术是“智慧公园”发展的驱动力,是当前景观设施的创新途径和发展趋势。智慧技术在景观设施创新中具备如下系统:景观设施创新技术应用系统、智慧景观设施系统构成、智慧景观设施运行管理系统、智慧公园环境的智慧修复系统,最终呈现出“智慧技术应用-智慧景观设施创新-城市公园智慧管理的创新设计”的应用模式。     

Analysis of European competitiveness based on its innovative capacity and digitalization level

The competitiveness of countries can be measured through their innovative capacity and the level of digitalization they have achieved. Technological advances have proven to be an engine of economic growth, promoting employment and sustainable development. In Europe, policies are being focused on investments to make this the “Digital Decade”. Against this backdrop, the aim of the study is to analyse the competitiveness of the 27 countries of the European Union by producing a synthetic indicator that includes factors relating to innovation (measured by the Global Innovation Index) and to digitalization (based on the Digital Economy and Society Index), which in turn yields an annual ranking of the analysed economies between 2017 and 2021. Furthermore, in a second stage of the analysis, three panel data models are estimated to determine how factors relating to economic, social and environmental development foster advances in technology and innovation. The multicriteria decision-making method Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to establish a ranking of EU members according to their level of digitalization and innovation, while the Prais-Winsten regression with Panel Corrected Standard Errors is used to obtain robust estimators. The results of the ranking indicate that the countries hold similar positions in the five years analysed, with Sweden leading the way throughout, which reflects its stable development in terms of digitalization and innovation. A digital and innovation gap can be seen between the top and bottom positions of the ranking, that is, between north-central and south-eastern Europe. Finally, the estimated models suggest that governments should promote wealth, employment, research and infrastructure investments in order to improve innovative and technological development in their countries.     

What factors determine the survival of green innovative enterprises in China? -- A method based on fsQCA

Increasingly serious environmental problems have generated a large number of small and medium-sized green innovative enterprises. Against the background of rapid technological changes and increasingly fierce market competition, survival is the main problem faced by these enterprises. Exploring the mechanisms and core elements that determine the survival of green innovation enterprises is of great practical significance for improving the survival probability of green innovation enterprises and achieving environmental improvement through green innovation.In this paper, twenty-nine enterprises that have won the title of “Top 10 Green Innovative Enterprises” in China are considered the research objects, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method is used to examine the path combinations that affect the survival of enterprises from the perspectives of resource-based and dynamic capabilities. The findings are as follows. First, government support is key to the survival of green innovative enterprises; second, China's green innovative enterprises have a research and development dilemma, and only matching high R&D capacity with product competitiveness can enhance their survival capabilities; and third, the lack of resource base capacity is the key factor affecting the failure of green enterprises, and dynamic capacity is the key factor for the survival of green innovative enterprises. The main contribution of this paper to the field of management is that enterprises must always pay attention to the coordinated development of internal resource-based capability and external dynamic capability. Conversely, the Chinese government should provide high R&D support to enterprises with competitive products so that these enterprises can rapidly grow into leading enterprises through continuous innovation and drive the sustained and rapid development of China's green innovation industry.     

Smart Manufacturing for the Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry

Smart manufacturing will transform the oil refining and petrochemical sector into a connected, information-driven environment. Using real-time and high-value support systems, smart manufacturing enables a coordinated and performance-oriented manufacturing enterprise that responds quickly to customer demands and minimizes energy and material usage, while radically improving sustainability, productivity, innovation, and economic competitiveness. In this paper, several examples of the application of so-called “smart manufacturing” for the petrochemical sector are demonstrated, such as the fault detection of a catalytic cracking unit driven by big data, advanced optimization for the planning and scheduling of oil refinery sites, and more. Key scientific factors and challenges for the further smart manufacturing of chemical and petrochemical processes are identified.