Mg(OH)2在烟气脱硫中的应用

我国烟气脱硫以石灰石一石膏法脱硫工艺为主。叙述了Mg（OH）2的性能特性和在烟气脱硫中的应用。指出,镁剂烟气脱硫作为一种绿色环保的SO2减排技术,可成为我国脱硫技术的主导工艺,具有较大的发展前途。     

Hydrogen generation from polyethylene by milling and heating with Ca(OH)2 and Ni(OH)2

A process to produce hydrogen from polyethylene [–CH₂–]_n (PE) is developed by milling with Ca(OH)₂ and Ni(OH)₂ followed by heating the milled product. Characterizations by a set of analytical methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry–mass spectroscopy (TG/MS) and gas chromatography (GC) were performed on the milled and heated samples to monitor the process. It has been observed that addition of nickel hydroxide as well as increases in milling time and rotational speed of the mill is beneficial to the gas generation, mainly composed of H₂ and CH₄, CO, CO₂. Gaseous compositions from the milled samples vary depending on the added molar ratio of calcium hydroxide. H₂ emission occurs between 400 and 500 °C, and H₂ concentration of 95% is obtained from the mixture of PE/Ca(OH)₂/Ni(OH)₂ (C:Ca:Ni = 6:14:1) sample, and the concentrations of CO and CO₂ remain below 0.5%. The process offers a novel approach to treat waste plastic by transforming it into hydrogen.     

HCl Dry Removal with Modified Ca-Based Sorbents at Moderate to High Temperatures

Modified Ca-based sorbents were obtained by adding sodium alkali into Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Reactive properties of modified Ca-based sorbents with acidic gases were investigated through reacting with gaseous HC1 at 450-760℃, and SEM and XRD technologies were adopted to get information on the reaction mechanism. Experimental data showed that HC1 dry removal efficiencies increased with temperature before 700℃ for all of the investigated sorbents, and there existed improved sorbents that corresponded to the highest removal efficiencies under the similar conditions. SEM photographs exhibited morphology difference between original and improved sorbents both before and after the reaction; and displayed that improved sorbents formed more porous product layers than original sorbents especially at higher temperature when product sintering became heavier, which is favorable to HC1 dry removal. XRD analysis showed that (1) improved Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 were less crystalline than original lime and limestone; (2) the re     

CFB-FGD 工艺中Ca(OH)2颗粒悬浮液最大分散度的实验研究

CFB-FGD工艺中的CaO颗粒粒径偏大，CaO转化率比较低．降低CaO颗粒粒径的途径之一是优化脱硫剂制备工艺．为此，研究了用5种不同制备工艺得到的Ca(OH)2颗粒悬浮液和悬浮液中Ca(OH)2颗粒的算术平均粒径．实验结果表明，采用0．006mol／L的六偏磷酸钠溶液与CaO水合反应得到的Ca(OH)2颗粒悬浮液的分散度增加了6．62倍，Ca(OH)2颗粒的算术平均粒径降低到了1053nm．这是一种简单、有效、经济的脱硫剂制备工艺．     

High rate all-solid electrochemical capacitors using proton conducting polymer electrolytes

All-solid electrochemical capacitors (EC) utilizing a proton conducting polymer electrolyte and graphite electrodes have demonstrated exceptionally high rate capability. The solid polymer electrolyte-based ECs charge and discharge at sweep rate over 20 V s⁻¹ and exhibit a time constant of 10 ms. This high rate performance is enabled by a proton conducting ternary solid thin film electrolyte composed of silicotungstic acid, orthophosphoric acid, and polyvinyl alcohol. This work shows that solid polymer electrolytes can support high power and high rate energy storage applications.     

太阳电池新材料新方法

该文叙述了发展低成本，高效率太阳电池光伏有源材料CuIn1-xGaxSe2(CIGS)和新式薄膜电淀积技术的优点，详细报告了该研究项目采用的新式CIGS薄膜电淀积的整个实验制作过程，给出了在香港政府创新科技基金资助下的第一阶段所取得的成果，实验结果已证明：采用这种简单而新颖的电淀积方法能制得光伏用的多晶半导体CIGS薄膜材料，通过测试确定了这种材料具有四方晶体结构，特征峰为（112），（204，220）的多晶CIGS材料，已测得连续分布的薄膜层厚约1．6um，晶粒的平均大小约2um长，具有太阳电池所需的材料质量，实验还 ：此法可重覆生产出厚度和质量相近的CIGS薄膜，该文也做了有关技术 的讨论和分析，这种新式的材料和薄膜技术对生产商品化低成本，高效率薄膜太阳电池无疑是非常有希望的。     

High-efficiency Cd-free CIGSS thin-film solar cells with solution grown zinc compound buffer layers

Zn-compounds Zn(X,OH) (X=S,Se) buffer layers have been deposited by chemical bath (CBD) process on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ (CIGSS) with the aim of developing Cd-free CIGSS-based devices. The films are produced in alkaline aqueous solution containing ZnSO₄, ammonia NH₃ and XC(NH₂)₂. Optimum deposition conditions were established. The temperature (T_sub) of the chemical bath is found to be critical for the device quality. The thickness and good surface coverage were controlled by XPS-UPS photoemission spectroscopy. SEM study showed that the growth of ZnSe nuclei on CIGSS proceeds in lateral direction. Once the surface is covered the growth takes place in vertical direction . The ZnSe clusters grow in size and their elongated shapes cover the CIGSS surface. High efficiency of over 13% was obtained for both CIGSS/Zn(S,OH) and CIGSS/Zn(Se,OH)-based solar cells. Solar cells with CIGSS/Zn(Se,OH)_x/ZnO/MgF₂ structure show an active area efficiency up to 15.7%. Using Zn(Se,OH) buffer layer, efficiency of 11.7% was achieved with a 20 cm² aperture-area monolithic minimodule.     

Heat storing/releasing characteristics of a chemical heat storage unit of electricity using a Ca(OH)2/CaO reaction

The applicability of the Ca(OH)₂/CaO thermochemical reaction for heat storage derived from night-time electricity was studied. The heat releasing rate, heat output, and thermal efficiency were investigated experimentally by using a laboratory/scale heat storage unit incorporated with a fin-type heat exchanger. It was found that, during the heat-releasing step, when water vapor at an ambient temperature of around 300K was introduced into the reactor, the temperature of the CaO reactant bed was increased to around its equilibrium temperature of 610 K. The hydration heat was then recovered by the heat exchanger medium (city water) the temperature of which was rapidly increased to above 343 K. The amount of the heat recovered from the CaO packed bed was about four times higher than that which might be recovered if the energy storage was carried out by the latent heat of water of the same volume. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(6): 400–409, 1996     

火电厂脱硫系统石膏脱水困难案例分析及对策

结合山西大土河焦化有限责任公司热电一分厂3×75 t/h循环流化床锅炉石灰-石膏湿法烟气脱硫工程实例,针对石膏脱水异常导致脱硫系统无法正常运行的问题,采用定性分析方法,根据浆液颜色其及沉降分离状况,以及浆液脱水滤饼外观,快速准确地判断出其主要原因为浆液中飞灰、CaSO3·1/2H2O和未溶解的氢氧化钙含量过高。采用降低飞灰含量,疏通氧化空气管路,投加石膏晶种和及时调整运行状态的方法,使问题得以解决。所采用的定性分析方法适用于脱硫工程中的应急处理。     

High-temperature electrochemical performance of Al-α-nickel hydroxides modified by metallic cobalt or Y(OH)3

Al-α-Ni(OH)₂ microspheres are modified with metallic Co and Y(OH)₃, respectively, in order to improve the high-temperature electrochemical performance. The microstructure, morphology, and surface chemical state of the as-prepared and the modified Al-α-Ni(OH)₂ microspheres are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Metallic cobalt nanoparticles are distributed on the nanosheets of the microsphere edges. The existence of metallic Co and Y(OH)₃ can be further verified from ICP and XPS results. The effect of metallic Co or Y(OH)₃ on high-temperature performance of the Al-α-Ni(OH)₂ microspheres is measured by galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments and cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements. The discharge capacities of the Al-α-Ni(OH)₂ microspheres, with optimized 5 wt% Co and 1 wt% Y(OH)₃, are 283.5 mAh g⁻¹ and 315 mAh g⁻¹, respectively, much higher than that of the as-prepared Al-α-Ni(OH)₂ (226.8 mAh g⁻¹) at 0.2 C and 60 °C. Furthermore, the high-rate discharge capability at high temperature can be also improved for both the modified samples.     

超级电容器储能技术及其应用

超级电容器是近年发展起来的一种新型储能元件,具有功率密度高、寿命长、无需维护及充放电迅速等特性。叙述了超级电容器的分类、储能原理和性能特点,介绍了超级电容器目前的应用领域及应用中需要关注的问题。     

Manganese oxide electrochemical capacitor with potassium poly(acrylate) hydrogel electrolyte

An aqueous gel electrolyte has for the first time been successfully applied to the MnO₂·nH₂O-based pseudocapacitive electrochemical capacitors (ECs). The gel electrolyte is made of potassium poly(acrylate) (PAAK) polymer and aqueous solution of KCl. With the selected composition, PAAK:KCl:H₂O = 9.0%:6.7%:84.3% by weight, the gel shows no fluidity, possessing an ionic conductivity in the order of 10⁻¹ S cm⁻¹. The gel electrolyte has been found to give substantially higher specific capacitances than those in the liquid electrolyte with the same salt (KCl) composition (1 M) and high power capability (>10 kW/kg).     

Three-dimensional Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes/graphene/nickel foam electrode with high rate capability for supercapacitor applications

Supercapacitor, known as an important energy storage device, is also a critical component for next generation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this study, we report a novel route for synthesis of three-dimensional Ni(OH)₂/graphene/nickel foam electrode by electrochemical depositing Ni(OH)₂ nanoflakes on graphene network grown on nickel foam current collector and explore its applications in supercapacitors. The resulting binder-free Ni(OH)₂/graphene/nickel foam electrode exhibits excellent supercapacitor performance with a specific capacitance of 2161 F/g at a current density of 3 A/g. Even as the current density reaches up to 60 A/g, it still remains a high capacitance of 1520 F/g, which is much higher than that of Ni(OH)₂/nickel foam electrode. The enhanced rate capability performance of Ni(OH)₂/graphene/nickel foam electrode is closely related to the presence of highly conductive graphene layer on nickel foam, which can remarkably boost the charge-transfer process at electrolyte–electrode interface. The three-dimensional graphene/nickel foam substrate also significantly improves the electrochemical cycling stability of the electrodeposited Ni(OH)₂ film because of the strong adhesion between graphene film and electrodeposited Ni(OH)₂ nanoflakes. Results of this study provide an alternative pathway to improve the rate capability and cycling stability of Ni(OH)₂ nanostructure electrode and offer a great promise for its applications in supercapacitors.