碱性条件下碳钢的缝隙腐蚀行为

采用动电位扫描法研究了碱性条件下氯离子浓度、pH值、PO43-和NO2-两种缓蚀性离子对Q235钢缝隙腐蚀行为的影响.研究表明,碱性条件下氯离子对缝隙腐蚀有极强的促进作用,溶液pH值变化对缝隙腐蚀影响较小,PO43-对缝隙腐蚀可以起到抑制作用,并且PO43-的缓蚀作用明显大于NO2-.     

低Cr钢在CO2/H2S环境中的腐蚀行为研究

目的研究低Cr钢(3%～9%)在60℃的CO_2/H_2S环境中的腐蚀行为。方法将三种低Cr钢(3Cr-H、5Cr-H、9Cr-H)加热到900℃之后,保温40min,进行水冷。对热处理之后的钢试样(依次编号3Cr-H、5Cr-H、9Cr-H)进行高温高压CO_2/H_2S腐蚀模拟实验,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌和成分以及物相组成进行分析。结果 3Cr、5Cr、9Cr钢的腐蚀速率分别为0.0443、0.0372、0.0060 mm/a,且腐蚀速率随着Cr含量的增加而降低。3Cr-H、5Cr-H、9Cr-H钢的腐蚀速率分别为0.1527、0.0445、0.0070mm/a,其腐蚀速率也是随着Cr含量的增加而降低。其中,3Cr-H钢的腐蚀速率是3Cr钢的3.4倍,耐蚀性能变化明显。5Cr-H钢的腐蚀速率是5Cr钢的1.19倍。9Cr-H钢的腐蚀速率与9Cr钢相比,几乎没有差别。六种材料的腐蚀产物均为FeS化合物,并没有发现典型的FeCO_3晶体(CO_2腐蚀产物)。3Cr、5Cr、3Cr-H、5Cr-H钢的腐蚀产物均为双层膜结构,9Cr、9Cr-H钢的腐蚀产物为单层膜结构。结论热处理未影响腐蚀速率随Cr含量的变化趋势,基体中Cr含量越高,腐蚀产物膜中的Cr富集量越大,从而有助于降低其腐蚀速率。热处理对3Cr钢的显微组织及其腐蚀行为影响最为显著,不仅加剧了其均匀腐蚀,而且促进了点蚀的发生,这是因为热处理后,显微组织中析出第二相含Cr的碳化物,使部分区域出现了贫Cr的现象。     

集输管线钢在CO_2/油/水多相流环境中的腐蚀行为

设计正交试验,采用失重法在高温高压反应釜中研究X65钢在CO_2/油/水多相流环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:原油含水率为集输管线钢CO_2腐蚀的主控因素,对腐蚀速率的影响显著;X65钢腐蚀产物膜晶粒呈胞状颗粒堆积,堆积不紧密且存在空隙,与基体结合松散,对基体保护作用弱,试样表面呈现均匀腐蚀形态,局部存在点蚀坑,X65钢抗CO_2腐蚀性能较差;原油低含水率与高含水率时X65钢表面腐蚀膜的组成基本相同,都主要是FeCO_3和Fe。     

普通Cr13钢在高温高压下的抗CO2腐蚀性能

针对普通Cr13钢的CO2腐蚀性能,模拟大庆油田井下的腐蚀环境,通过高温高压釜进行了Cr13钢的腐蚀试验。采用SEM、EDS和XPS测试手段分析研究所获得CO2腐蚀产物膜的形貌和化学组成。结果表明,在所试验的三个温度下,Cr13钢液相、气相的腐蚀类型主要为均匀腐蚀。Cr13钢的腐蚀膜主要成分是晶态FeCO3和非晶态的Cr(OH)3。在85℃和110℃下,Cr13钢液相腐蚀速率为中度腐蚀,基体表面形成了一层深褐色腐蚀膜层且表面平整均匀,晶粒细小,膜层较薄;在170℃下其腐蚀速率靠近严重腐蚀的下限,接近中度腐蚀的上限;气相腐蚀与液相腐蚀腐蚀过程相似,属于中度腐蚀。腐蚀产物膜表面为较大颗粒的晶粒,很不规则。     

普通13Cr钢在高温高压下的抗CO2腐蚀性能

针对普通13Cr钢的CO2抗腐蚀性能,模拟大庆油田井下的腐蚀环境,通过高温高压釜进行了13Cr钢的腐蚀试验.采用SEM、EDS和XPS测试手段分析研究所获得C02腐蚀产物膜的形貌和化学组成.结果表明,在所试验的三个温度下,13Cr钢液相、气相的腐蚀类型都主要为均匀腐蚀.其腐蚀膜的主要成分是晶态FeCO3和非晶态的Cr(OH)3,还含有少量的Fe或Cr的氧化物、碳化物和单质Fe等.在85℃和110℃下,13Cr钢的液相腐蚀速率属于中度腐蚀,基体表面形成了一层深褐色腐蚀膜层且表面平整均匀、晶粒细小、膜层较薄.在170℃下,其腐蚀速率靠近严重腐蚀的下限,接近中度腐蚀的上限.气相腐蚀与液相腐蚀腐蚀过程相似,属于中度腐蚀,腐蚀产物膜表面则为较大颗粒的晶粒,但很不规则.     

低Cr X70管线钢在多相流腐蚀环境中CO2腐蚀行为研究

利用高温高压反应釜模拟油田多相流腐蚀环境,对低CrX70管线钢CO<,2>腐蚀行为进行了研究.采用失重法计算腐蚀速率,利用SEM、EDS、XRD等手段观察和分析了腐蚀产物膜的形貌、结构和成分.结果表明:随着腐蚀环境温度的升高,X70管线钢平均腐蚀速率和点蚀速率的变化趋势均是先增大后减小,在60℃时平均腐蚀速率达到最大值,而在90℃时点蚀速率达到最大值;基体中的Cr容易生成Cr<,2>O<,3>在金属表面沉积,可以有效阻碍阴离子穿透腐蚀产物膜到达金属表面,大大减少Cl-导致的点蚀;随着环境温度的升高,FeCO<,3>在腐蚀产物膜中占的比例也随温度的升高而增加.     

X65管线钢在模拟土壤中的腐蚀行为

以华南某地酸性土壤为参考土壤体系,采用硅藻土模拟土壤实验室加速腐蚀法,应用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、电化学工作站等系统研究了X65管线钢在模拟土壤腐蚀环境介质中埋地腐蚀不同周期的腐蚀行为。结果表明:在该模拟土壤环境中X65管线钢表面腐蚀形貌由不均匀的点蚀发展为较为均匀的全面腐蚀,电化学极化曲线表现为阳极活化控制,自腐蚀电位出现正移,腐蚀产物主要由α-FeOOH、Fe_3O_4、Fe_2O_3等组成。     

普通13Cr钢在高温高压下的抗CO2腐蚀性能

针对普通13Cr钢的CO2腐蚀性能,在模拟大庆油田井下的腐蚀环境,通过高温高压釜进行了13Cr钢的腐蚀试验,采用SEM、EDS和XPS测试手段分析研究所获得CO2腐蚀产物膜的形貌和化学组成。结果表明,在所试验的三个温度下,13Cr钢液相、气相的腐蚀类型都主要为均匀腐蚀。13Cr钢的腐蚀膜主要成分是晶态FeCO3和非晶态的Cr（OH）3,还含有少量的Fe或Cr的氧化物、碳化物和单质Fe等。在85℃和110℃下,13Cr钢的液相腐蚀速率属于中度腐蚀,基体表面形成了一层深褐色腐蚀膜层且表面平整均匀,晶粒细小,膜层较薄;在170℃下其腐蚀速率靠近严重腐蚀的下限,接近中度腐蚀的上限;气相腐蚀与液相腐蚀腐蚀过程相似,属于中度腐蚀,腐蚀产物膜表面则为较大颗粒的晶粒,但很不规则。     

影响鞍钢X70管线钢CO2腐蚀行为的环境因素和材料因素

利用失重法、扫描电镜等,研究了X70管线钢在CO2分压为2MPa的NACE溶液中高温高压环境下的腐蚀行为,结果表明,温度和Cl-是影响X70钢腐蚀的主要环境因素,随温度的升高均匀腐蚀速率增大。钢中珠光体、粒状贝氏体组织及非金属夹杂物MnS、CaS等在腐蚀环境中促进了管线钢的腐蚀。因此在材料方面要降低珠光体及粒状贝氏体含量,细化夹杂物,并降低夹杂物级别。     

高CO2分压环境超级13Cr的腐蚀行为

目的：研究超级13Cr 钢在高CO2分压条件下的腐蚀行为并评价其耐腐蚀能力,为存在类似工况的气田选材提供参考。方法模拟东方气田腐蚀环境（141℃,CO2分压27.9 MPa）,通过高温高压腐蚀挂片实验和电化学实验对超级13Cr开展腐蚀行为研究。结果在东方气田高CO2分压腐蚀环境下,挂片腐蚀试验表明,超级13Cr的腐蚀形式为全面腐蚀,其均匀腐蚀速率为3×10-3 mm/a;电化学分析表明,13Cr不锈钢的自腐蚀电位（-0.785 V）和点蚀电位（-0.301 V）较超级13Cr不锈钢的（-0.580 V,-0.139 V）有明显负移,而自腐蚀电流密度和维钝电流密度明显更大。结论高CO2分压条件下,超级13Cr可满足气田油套管使用要求,超级13Cr不锈钢的耐蚀性能和抗点蚀敏感性均强于13Cr不锈钢。     

高铁动态交流干扰下管道钢的腐蚀行为试验研究

利用电化学测试、表面分析及失重分析技术,研究了模拟高铁动态交流干扰下管道钢的腐蚀行为和规律及阴极保护的有效性.结果 表明,动态交流干扰下,阴极保护电位向负方向偏移,交流干扰增大管道的阴极保护电流密度;动态交流干扰下,随干扰水平增加,管道钢腐蚀程度增加,点蚀坑明显加深.阴极保护明显减缓交流干扰试样的腐蚀程度,腐蚀速率降为...     

正交试验法研究X90管线钢在CO_2环境中的腐蚀行为

通过正交试验法研究了CO_2环境中各因素对X90管线钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:各因素对X90管线钢在CO_2环境中腐蚀速率的影响按大小顺序是原油含水率、温度、CO_2分压、流速;X90管线钢腐蚀产物膜表面布满网状裂纹,呈鳞片状,产物膜结构疏松,对基体保护作用较弱,表面点蚀坑较多,点蚀严重,X90管线钢抗CO_2腐蚀性能较差;产物膜成分随腐蚀环境变化而不相同,所有产物中都含有FeCO_3和Fe,部分试样产物膜中还有腐蚀介质析出的碳酸盐。     

Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of X70 Pipeline Steel in a CO2-Containing Solution

The electrochemical corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviors of X70 pipeline steel in CO₂-containing solution were studied by electrochemical measurements, slow strain rate tensile tests, and surface characterization. The results found that the electrochemical corrosion of X70 steel in aerated, alkaline solution is an activation-controlled process, and a stable passivity cannot develop on steel. Corrosion rate of the steel increases with the CO₂ partial pressure. The enhanced anodic dissolution due to the additional cathodic reaction in the presence of CO₂, rather than the film-formation reaction, dominates the corrosion process. The mass-transfer step through FeCO₃ deposit is the rate-controlling step in corrosion of the steel. The susceptibility of steel to SCC and the fracture brittleness increase with the CO₂ partial pressure. The enhanced fracture brittleness is attributed to the evolution and penetration of hydrogen atoms into the steel, contributing to crack propagation. The formed deposit layer is not effective in reducing hydrogen permeation due to the loose, porous structure.     

Super304H钢在含1.5％SO2模拟烟气中的腐蚀行为研究

目的研究Super304H钢在650℃和700℃模拟烟气中的腐蚀行为和机理。方法将Super304H钢试样置于含SO2(体积分数1.5%)的模拟烟气中,间隔一定时间取出样品称量,获得腐蚀动力学曲线。采用XRD、SEM和EDS分析不同腐蚀阶段的腐蚀产物形貌、成分和物相组成。结果腐蚀初期,Super304H钢在700℃下的腐蚀速率明显比650℃下的快,腐蚀过程中,腐蚀产物不断生成和剥落。650℃时,样品初期的主要成分为Cr_2O_3和Fe2O3,随腐蚀时间的延长,生成了Fe_3O_4;700℃时的腐蚀产物剥落更明显。腐蚀产物具有双层结构,主要由Fe2O3、Cr_2O_3、Fe_3O_4和少量(Ni,Cr)Fe_2O4、Cu Fe_2O4尖晶石类化合物组成,在腐蚀产物内层生成了硫化物。结论 Super304H钢在650℃和700℃含SO2(1.5%)的模拟烟气中,腐蚀产物不断生成和剥落,导致腐蚀加速。     

湿硫化氢环境中16MnR钢腐蚀的声发射试验研究

采用声发射技术对常温下饱和硫化氢溶液中16MnR钢试样的电解充氢过程进行监测。分析总结了声发射检测信号的特征和来源,并利用金相方法加以验证。试验结果验证了16MnR钢具有一定的抗氢致开裂的能力,表明采用声发射技术可以灵敏地监测该环境下的腐蚀电解过程,对实际检验具有一定的参考价值。     

Influence of Austenitizing Temperature on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of 55Cr18Mo1VN High-Nitrogen Plastic Mould Steel

The influence of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of 55Cr18 MolVN high-nitrogen plastic mould steel was investigated.The microstructure,elemental distribution and Cr-depleted zone of different heat-treated samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction,electron probe microanalyzer analysis,and transmission electron microscopy.The corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemical measurements,and the analysis of passive film was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results indicated that the volume fraction of precipitates decreased,and the homogeneity of elements was improved with increasing austenitizing temperature.The degree of Cr-depleted zone around coarse M_(23)C_6 was severer than that around M_2N,and pitting corrosion initiated preferentially around M_(23)C_6.The corrosion resistance of the samples increased with the austenitizing temperature.With the increase in austenitizing temperature,the passive film was thickened and Cr(Ⅲ)_(Cr_2O_3) in the inner layer of passive film was enriched,which enhanced the corrosion resistance of the steel.The higher content of nitrogen in solid solution at higher austenitizing temperature contributed to the increased intensity of CrN and NH_3,leading to the increase in pH value in the pit,and promoting the repassivation of 55Cr18 MolVN steel.     

Corrosion behaviour of Cr13 steel in CO2 saturated brine with high chloride concentration

The corrosion behaviour of martensitic stainless injection‐pipeline steel X46Cr13 exposed to CO₂ saturated artificial saline brine with high chloride concentration similar to onshore CCS‐site at Ketzin, Germany has been investigated by means of electrochemical technique and microscopic observations at short exposure times (up to 24 h) and by mass loss and metallographic observations at exposure times up to 17520 h. Pitting corrosion kinetics has been characterised and the predictions about the corrosion mechanism are made.     

Effect of Acidified Aerosols on Initial Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Carbon Steel

The effect of simulated acidified marine aerosols on the corrosion morphology of carbon steel was studied using an in situ optical stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer and a whitelight interferometer.The morphologies of the carbon steel were identified under marine aerosols with different droplet diameters, pH, and acidifications.The results showed that corrosion was initiated in tens of seconds under aerosol droplets acidified by HCl or H_2SO_4.Despite the differences in the acidifier and diameter, corrosion for acidified droplets with pH 2 was general corrosion.For acidified droplets with pH 1, the corrosion morphology depended on the acidifier species, the ring-like morphology for HCl and ridge-like morphology for H_2SO_4.The segregation of Cl~- was believed to be the main factor for the formation of the corrosion morphology under acidified droplets with pH 1.Also, the concentration of SO_4~(2-)in the droplets had some effect on the segregation of Cl-ions when pH 1.     

Influence of Deteriorated Bentonite Sediments on the Corrosion Behavior of NiCu Low Alloy Steel

The corrosion evolution of steel disposal container largely depends on the evolution of surrounding bentonite environment in the long-term geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes. This study focused on the influence of the deteriorated bentonite sediments on the corrosion behavior of NiCu low alloy steel in the top supernatant and bottom slurry formed by Gaomiaozi bentonite and 0.05 M NaHCO₃ + 0.1 M NaCl + 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ solution. In the top supernatant, the cathodic process of the steel corrosion was transformed from the reduction in oxygen to the reduction in ferric corrosion products with time as same as that in the blank solution. While in the bottom bentonite slurry, the cathodic process always maintained as the hydrogen evolution reaction due to the coverage of more bentonite sediments. Meanwhile, the corrosion rate of NiCu steel was obviously decreased. In addition, the localized corrosion tendency of the steel could also be reduced by the large amount of deteriorated bentonite sediments.     

不同温度下超级13Cr在Cl~-/CO_2环境中的腐蚀行为

模拟油田现场Cl~-/CO_2腐蚀环境,对超级13Cr不锈钢在不同温度下的耐均匀腐蚀及点蚀的性能进行了研究。利用金相、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对试样进行了分析。结果表明,温度升高,超级13Cr均匀腐蚀速率增大,温度升高到150℃时,均匀腐蚀由轻微腐蚀转变成中度腐蚀。在Cl~-/CO_2腐蚀环境中,超级13Cr不锈钢极易发生点蚀,且温度升高,点蚀程度先加重后减弱,在120℃时,点蚀坑数量最多,尺寸最大,点蚀最严重。XRD结果显示,所有温度条件下材料均无CO_2腐蚀产物FeCO_3产生,超级13Cr不锈钢依靠表面形成的钝化膜抵抗CO_2腐蚀。