Research on disturbance analysis and detection method for the magnetically suspended flywheel-based PMSM system

本文基于飞轮三相永磁同步电机的特性,研究影响飞轮电机控制性能的干扰因素并对其特性进行分析。首先建立动基座条件下飞轮转子的动力学模型,在此基础上对影响电机性能的内外多源干扰进行建模和特性分析,给出详细的干扰模型以及所包含的结构类型。针对干扰所必需的输入参数,设计并实现了飞轮干扰状态的监测系统,获取飞轮实时转速、磁偏转角和基座振动等信息。最后,给出磁悬浮储能飞轮系统实验装置和飞轮参数,为飞轮电机干扰特性验证和干扰抑制方法提供必要基础。     

独立风光混合系统的控制与仿真

设计了独立风光混合系统的控制策略,利用时域仿真对其控制策略进行仿真验证。仿真系统由2台直驱永磁风力机、光伏、储能和相关变流器构成。建立了系统的数学模型以及相应的控制策略,包括直驱永磁发电机、光伏变流器、储能充放电以及网侧逆变器的控制策略。通过时域仿真法对系统的相关控制策略进行动态仿真。结果表明:本文所设计的控制策略是正确、可行的。     

Peak power bi-directional transfer from high speed flywheel toelectrical regulated bus voltage system: a practical proposal forvehicular technology

This paper provides a design outline and implementation procedure for a secondary energy storage unit (SESU) that can be used to meet the peak energy requirements of an electric vehicle during both acceleration and regenerative braking. The life cycle of the electric vehicle's batteries can be extended considerably by supplying peak energy requirements from a secondary source. A simulation study was conducted to determine the peak power and energy requirements over the SAE recommended electric vehicle test procedure. A scaled prototype SESU was built using flywheel energy storage, and tests were performed to determine the energy transfer capabilities of a flywheel coupled high speed permanent magnet synchronous machine through the proposed system's energy storage tank. Results are presented that indicate the necessity of the energy storage tank. An evaluation of the proposed system is also included which indicates the practicality of the system when compared to conventional regenerative control techniques     

清华大学飞轮储能技术研究概况

全面回顾了清华大学在过去17 年内坚持飞轮储能技术研究开发的总体情况。介绍了6 种飞轮储能试验研究系统和工程样机的技术特征,分析了研制过程中遇到的飞轮轴系稳定性、电机设计、充放电控制器调试等关键技术难题,探讨了飞轮储能技术工业化应用开发中应注意的问题。     

Line start permanent magnet synchronous motors: Challenges and opportunities

Future energy challenges, likewise the environmental crises such as fossil fuel emissions and global warming urge the world to focus on energy saving programs more than ever. An effective way to face these challenges is to improve electric motors efficiency as one of the greatest energy consumption apparatuses in the world. Induction motors constitute, by far, the largest portion of electric motors both in terms of quantity and total power ratings among all electric motors. However, more efficient motor types gradually appear as alternatives. In this paper, line start permanent magnet motors as a powerful candidate with growing market are investigated in some details. The motor opportunities like high efficiency, high power factor and high power density are explored against the challenges associated with this motor including higher cost, extra manufacturing burden and transient and synchronization behaviors. Finally, some concluding comments and remarks are drawn for future research and manufacturing of line start permanent magnet motors.     

基于模糊控制的新型永磁开关磁阻电机控制系统研究与设计

提出了一种新型永磁式开关磁阻电机。通过对传统电机结构上进行了改进,在定子上加入永磁材料,使得电机成为混合励磁电机,分析了其结构及原理等,并探讨了其调速方式,把模糊控制运用于调速系统,设计了其调速系统的软硬件,最后对其样机进行了试验,对开关磁阻电机的改进具有一定指导意义。     

Flywheel array energy storage system

飞轮储能系统将能量储存在高速旋转的飞轮转子中,具有高功率密度,无环境污染,使用寿命长,运行温度范围广,充放电次数无限制等优点,已获得了广泛的应用.将多台模块化的飞轮储能单元并联起来组成飞轮阵列储能系统,是获得大容量,高功率储能的解决方案.文章首先论述了飞轮阵列储能系统的国内外发展现状与要解决的关键问题, 然后详细给出了飞轮阵列储能系统的设计方法,并联拓扑结构与控制策略.随着飞轮储能单元并联技术的逐渐成熟,飞轮阵列储能系统应用领域将逐步扩展到电力系统调频,间歇式可再生能源发电等领域,并将在提高电网对可再生能源的接纳能力等方面发挥重要作用.     

永磁电机式机械弹性储能机组储能运行控制策略研究

基于团队先前提出的以涡卷弹簧作为储能元件的机械弹性储能机组技术,简述了以永磁电机为储能电机的机组基本组成与工作原理,建立了永磁电机式机械弹性储能机组(mechanical elastic energy storage, MEES) 各模块数学模型,提出了机组储能过程的恒转速控制策略。利用Matlab/Simulink 构建的机组全仿真模型,对机组储能过程的恒转速控制进行了仿真。仿真结果证明了所搭建模型和控制策略的正确性与有效性。     

Application and research of flywheel energy storage system in electrified railway

本文提出了通过飞轮储能系统在线路负荷较重时对电网释能来降低变压器的出力,从而降低最大需量值或变压器容量;因为铁路负序最严重的时候为变压器处于峰值功率时,所以还可有效降低负序电流。由于飞轮储能装置是个储能体,同时具备储能和释能的双重功能,所以此系统还可吸收再利用机车制动时产生的制动电能,有效降低电度电费成本。本文先后介绍了系统整体结构、变流器系统、飞轮储能装置、测控单元,然后根据实际变电站参数和实测牵引负荷数据建立了该系统的仿真模型进行仿真,表明了所提出的飞轮储能系统应用于电气化铁路进行削峰填谷的正确性。     

风力发电机用飞轮储能智能控制系统研究

针对在风力发电机上具有广泛应用前景的飞轮储能技术,设计了储能系统的矢量控制器硬件电路及实验平台、电机控制系统的主电路和驱动电路、DSP主控板、电压及电流信号的采集系统等。基于矢量控制原理,进行了电机控制系统仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该系统能够精确地实现对电机速度的跟踪。在飞轮储能与风力发电模拟系统的试验中,为了验证控制系统的响应速度及稳态精度,利用交流电网对飞轮充电,有效地实现了飞轮与电机的耦合及飞轮能量的快速存储和释放。     

飞轮储能装置设计初探

讨论了具有广泛应用前景的新型机械储能技术中飞轮储能装置设计的几个关键问题，包括飞轮转子材料的选择，飞轮最佳转速的确定及工作空间的计算，轴承支承的选择，轴承承载力，刚度与结构参数的计算，电机的选择，以及能量转换控制方式的分析等，为飞轮储能装置设计的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

飞轮储能技术及其耦合发电机组研究进展

  目的  双碳目标的提出增加了新能源电力嵌入的必要性,为了研究提高机组灵活性的方法,文章对飞轮储能技术及其耦合发电机组的相关研究进行了详细介绍。  方法  文章概括总结了飞轮储能的工作原理、研究现状与成果以及应用难点与措施,分析了研究飞轮储能的系统建模与运行策略的具体方法,并对飞轮储能分别耦合火力发电、风力发电以及太阳能发电的原理与应用特点进行了重点分析。  结果  我国的飞轮储能系统研究已经取得较为先进的成果,并且形成了一套有效的研究方法,在飞轮储能技术耦合多能源发电机组方面也进行了一定的研究。  结论  在当今环境下,飞轮储能技术耦合多能源发电机组已经成为研究趋势与重点,本文所总结内容为后续飞轮储能技术的应用提供了参考。     

Asynchronous Performance Prediction of AC Permanent Magnet Motor

many permanent magnet synchronous motors are run up from standstill by a sudden connection with an ac supply. The cage windings in rotor slots produce induction motor torque to run up the rotor, but two torque dips are produced in the torque-slip curve of the permanent magnet motor; one is caused by the rotating permanent magnet, and the other by the magnetic and the electric asymmetry between the direct and quadrature axes. Therefore, the prediction of the asynchronous performance is very important, as motors cannot be run up, unless the minimum values of the torque dips exceed the load torques at the slips. In this paper, ``harmonic permeance coefficient' is newly introduced, which is used to combine the finite element field solution with the calculation of air gap inductance, and equations for the calculation of asynchronous performance of permanent magnet motors are also expressed. The calculated value by these equations agreed well with the experimental results.     

盘式和柱式飞轮转子系统临界转速分析CSCD

针对飞轮储能系统升降速实验中极限转速为9300 r/min,小于飞轮储能的最高工作转速15000 r/min,这会大幅降低飞轮储能系统的最大储能量。为提高飞轮储能实验中极限转速,从结构设计角度出发,采用理论公式分析、SAMCEF Rotor有限元仿真分析并结合实验数据来研究盘式飞轮转子和柱式飞轮转子的临界转速分布规律及其稳定性。分析发现,质量相同、结构不同的盘式飞轮转子其二阶临界转速远远超过柱式飞轮转子,两者的一阶临界转速相同。根据不同工作转速和储能量要求的飞轮转子,采取不同的结构方案,确保其达到工作转速要求并稳定运行。     

A novel high power density permanent magnet variable-speed motor

A novel polyphase, multipole, permanent magnet (PM) motor which possesses high power density, high efficiency and excellent controllability, yet can be produced by conventional fabrication techniques, is proposed. The basic operating principles, design features, performance analysis and control system are described. The experimental results for a 5 kW, 1500 RPM prototype PM motor and its comparison with other types of motors such as switched reluctance motors and induction motors are given. This motor also has superior dynamic performance     

Accurate Prediction of Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces in Permanent Magnet Motors Using an Analytical Solution

This paper presents an analytical model suitable for analyzing permanent magnet motors with slotted stator core. By including the effect of the interaction between the pole transitions and slot openings, the model is able to predict the airgap field and magnetic forces with high accuracy, which cannot be achieved using the previously available analytical methods. The results of electromagnetic forces, i.e., the cogging torque and unbalanced magnetic pull, computed analytically agree well with numerical simulations using the finite-element method. The model is used to analyze the magnetic forces developed in permanent magnet brushless motors when the design parameters vary in wide ranges. The model is useful in design and optimization of permanent magnet motors.      

Application of array 1 MW flywheel energy storage system in rail transit

本文根据城市轨道交通的运行特点和车辆参数提出了一种1 MW阵列式飞轮储能系统,用来吸收再利用机车制动时产生的制动电能。通过对比不同类型的再生制动能量回收方式,突出飞轮储能系统应用在城市轨道交通的必要性和先进性。文中通过对某些线路进行数据测试,根据现有单台飞轮储能装置进行阵列式组合,通过产品优化以及安全计算和工程实施预判,组装出容量为1 MW的阵列式飞轮储能系统,并证明了1 MW阵列式飞轮储能系统在城市轨道交通应用的正确性和可实施性。     

Starting characteristics of direct current motors powered by solarcells

The authors deal with the calculation of the starting to rated current ratio and starting to rated torque ratio of the permanent magnet, separately, series and shunt excited motors when powered by solar cells for the two cases where the system includes a maximum-power-point-tracker (MPPT), and without an MPPT. Comparing these two cases, one gets a torque magnification of about three for the permanent magnet motor and about seven for other motor types at rated design insolation. The calculation of the torques may assist the photovoltaic system designer to determine the advantage of including an MPPT in the system as far as the starting characteristics of the DC motors are concerned     

Analysis of a two-stage flywheel unit for automobile braking energy recovery

相比于其他储能方式,飞轮储能的高功率密度和高效率能量存储方法有很大的优越性,但也带来了其质量较大的困扰。基于传统模式单级飞轮储能结构,提出了一种新型两级式飞轮储能装置,并通过选用某种确定车型的车辆制动时所能够回收的能量,证明在一定程度上提供相同的储能容量时,该装置的质量可以明显降低。基于证明结果,通过Ansys软件对飞轮转子系统进行了10阶的模态分析和等效应力分析。仿真结果表明：该飞轮转子系统不会发生共振情况且满足强度要求,可以安全可靠的工作。     

飞轮储能在区域电网中的调频应用及经济性分析

介绍了飞轮储能在区域电网的应用现状,提出了飞轮储能用于电网调频的经济性分析评估方法。通过美国加利福尼亚州的工程实例详细分析了飞轮储能在电网调频中的效益投资情况。结果表明,飞轮储能的投资效益比接近1,具有良好的投资回报价值;在大规模商业化应用后,收益投资比可达1．97。