FFH/BFSK AGC接收机在部分带干扰Nakagami衰落信道下的性能分析

该文对基于自适应增益控制(AGC)的非相干快速跳频二进制正交移频键控(FFH/BFSK)扩频(SS)接收机在同时存在部分带干扰(PBJ)和加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)的频率非选择性慢衰落Nakagami信道下的比特误码率(BER)性能进行了分析,推导出一重积分形式的BER准确表达式,分析了衰落参数和分集数目取任意值时对系统性能的影响,数值分析结果比较了AGC接收机与乘积合并(PC)接收机在最坏情况下的BER性能。与以往误码率分析方法相比,本文所用方法的优点在于用统一的分析模式可以分析系统在不同衰落信道下的性能,简化了分析步骤。     

衰落信道下MFSK/FFH系统抗最坏部分频带干扰性能研究

引入Nakagami-m衰落模型,对MFSK/FFH系统在衰落信道下抗最坏部分频带干扰性能进行了研究,给出了部分频带干扰最佳干扰系数表达式和Nakagami衰落信道下MFSK/FFH误码率公式并进行了仿真验证,分析了不同衰落参数和分集数对系统性能的影响,最后仿真对比了采用自动增益控制合并(Adaptive Gain Control)与乘积合并(Product Combining)时MFSK/FFH系统的性能表现.结果表明:Nakagami衰落信道下,MFSK/FFH系统的分集接收特性能有效对抗最坏部分频带干扰,采用AGC合并算法比PC合并算法能更好的改善系统性能.     

FFH/BFSK选择分集合并接收机在部分频带干扰Nakagami-m信道下的性能分析

快速跳频通信系统选择分集合并接收机可以有效减轻干扰及衰落对系统带来的性能损伤。该文给出了快速跳频BFSK系统在部分频带干扰下的选择分集合并接收机模型,并对该接收机在同时存在部分频带干扰以及加性高斯白噪声的非频率选择性Nakagami-m衰落信道下的性能进行了推导,给出了误码率的闭合表达式。最后进行了仿真验证,仿真结果与理论分析结果完全一致。分析表明:具有高分集度的选择分集合并接收机受干扰影响较小;在干扰功率较大时,其性能要好于其它几种分集合并接收机;在一定的信道条件下,存在一个最佳分集度。最后针对选择分集合并接收机在弱干扰信号下的性能不足,提出相应的改进措施。     

Rayleigh衰落信道下相位误差对相干跳频多址接入MRC分集接收系统的影响

该文研究一种新型混合通信系统,即基于多载波BPSK调制的相干跳频多址接入(FH/CDMA)系统,接收端采用最大比合并(MRC)分集接收。由于采用相位调制,接收端载波相位恢复的精确度直接影响系统性能。假设载波同步通过一阶锁相环电路(PLL)完成,由于载波恢复环路中存在高斯噪声,当系统达到同步稳态时不可避免地会产生稳态相位误差。该文采用Beaulieu级数方法和特征函数方法,得到理想相干和部分相干(存在稳态相位误差)时FH/CDMA系统误码率性能表达式。仿真结果表明,相对于单用户系统,多用户系统误码率受到相位误差影响较小,误码率性能降低的主要因素是多用户干扰。MRC分集接收能提高系统抵抗相位误差和信道衰落的能力。     

多径衰落信道中扩频信号处理增益的上限

考虑充分散射多径衰落信道中的时频二维扩频BPSK调制信号,针对联合相干非相干检测算法,寻找扩频信号处理增益的上限。首先给出了扩频信号处理增益的闭合表达式;然后分析当信号带宽无限增大或符号长度无限增大时,扩频信号处理增益不会无限增大;最后得出处理增益的上限由信道参数和信噪比决定的结论。分析与仿真结果表明,BPSK调制、20dB信噪比、100Hz最大多普勒频移、5×10 6负指数衰落因子的充分散射多径信道,扩频信号的处理增益不超过30dB。     

LDPC编码FFH/MFSK系统的性能分析

信道编码与跳频技术结合是提高系统抗干扰能力的一种有效方法。将LDPC码应用于多进制调制快跳频系统,研究其在瑞利衰落信道中对抗部分频带干扰的能力。仿真结果表明,当分集级数固定时,调制阶数越高性能越好,但增加调制阶数带来的增益差会逐渐降低并且增大系统复杂度。另外,由于分集增益和非相干合并损失的同时存在,增大分集级数在干扰因子较小时能够提高系统性能,较大时则降低系统性能。     

直扩系统时变单音干扰抑制的新方法

针对直接序列扩频通信系统中的时变单音干扰,提出了一种频域干扰估计时域对消的新方法。在系统中,将干扰信道建模为时变衰落信道。该算法首先在频域对时变单音干扰信号参数进行估计,然后对时变单音干扰进行重构和对消,推导了理论误码率公式。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法性能由干扰功率和多普勒频移等因素决定。在频率选择性衰落信道下,当信噪比为20dB,扩频增益为16,干扰信道多普勒频移为100Hz时,该算法可以抑制20dB(干信比)的单音干扰。      

快速跳频大数合并和软判决线性合并抗部分频带干扰性能分析和仿真

本文分析了快速跳频在部分频带干扰和高斯白噪声信道下的系统误码性能.推导了接收机采用了大数合并的误码率表达式,采用特征函数的办法重新分析了软判决线性合并时的误码率表达式.仿真结果表明,两种合并方法随着分集数的增大误码性能都下降,都不能抗全频带干扰.在干扰比较小时,软判决线性合并整体性能要好于大数合并.     

一种新的部分频带噪声干扰模型下的FH/MFSK系统性能分析

部分频带噪声干扰(PBNJ)是一种主要的窄带干扰,它对通信系统性能的影响十分突出。该文针对FH/ MFSK系统中,传统的部分频带干扰模型的干扰带宽最小分辨率是一个跳频子带带宽(即MFSK信号的带宽),研究了更具有实际价值的新的部分频带干扰模型,即将干扰带宽最小分辨率精确到MFSK信号带宽的1/M。该文推导了莱斯衰落信道下的误比特率(BER)公式,给出了其闭合表达式,并通过计算机仿真验证了理论推导的正确性。理论分析与仿真结果表明,M,Nh,越小,传统与新PBNJ模型下FH/MFSK信号的BER性能差异就越大。     

短波FH/OFDM通信系统抗跟踪式干扰性能分析

对于短波多载波跳频通信系统,跟踪式干扰是一种有效的干扰模式。分析了正交频分复用( OFDM)部分子信道干扰与符号误码率的关系,通过仿真获得了最佳跟踪干扰的部分时间参数,结合OFDM频谱结构与干扰频谱关系,推导了高斯信道条件下部分频带干扰和多音干扰时系统误码率,分析了短波FH/OFDM通信系统抗跟踪式干扰的误码率性能,仿真结果表明：跟踪干扰时间窗口对误码率的影响与部分频带干扰因子和信干比有关;在部分频带干扰与部分时间干扰之间,存在等效的干扰效果区域;多音干扰因子越大,系统所受影响越大,跟踪干扰时间窗口对误码率的影响与多音干扰因子和信干比有关,针对OFDM符号的多音干扰影响要远大于部分频带干扰的影响;跳频与OFDM技术的结合、提高载波跳速、减小跟踪式干扰对OFDM符号的影响,也是消除多音干扰的重要手段。     

Partial-band jamming rejection of FFH/BFSK with product combiningreceiver over a Rayleigh-fading channel

An exact closed-form expression of the characteristic function is derived for a fast frequency-hopping (FFH) binary orthogonal frequency-shift-keying (FSK) spread-spectrum (SS) communication system. The FFH system employs a product combining receiver over a Rayleigh-fading channel with partial-band jamming and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The derived characteristic function is then used to obtain a compact bit error rate (BER) expression for different diversity levels. Our study shows that there exists an optimum diversity level under certain channel conditions     

Performance Improvement by Microdiversity for Wideband Signals in Frequency Selective Fading Indoor Channels with Co-Channel Interference

A comprehensive analytical bit-error-rate (BER) model is presented to analyse the performance of antenna-microdiversity for wideband BPSK modulated signals in the frequency selective fading multipath channel, specified by its complex impulse response. The model includes the disturbance by intersymbol interference (ISI) and co-channel interference (CCI), as well as the channels' impact on the carrier phase- and clock recovery in the receiver. The channel impulse responses at the antenna elements are determined by taking into account the direction of arrival of the individual paths. Computational BER- and SNIR-gain results (SNIR = signal-to-noise+interference-ratio) show that a substantial performance improvement is achieved with antenna combining for wideband signals which suffer ISI and/or CCI. For the indoor multipath channel with exponentially decaying power delay profile, the performance enhancement is compared for several antenna combining schemes. Quasi-coherent equal gain combining (QCEGC) is proposed as an novel EGC scheme based on a less accurate phase estimation technique. For wideband signals, QCEGC shows a slight performance degradation when compared to maximal ratio combining or minimum mean square error combining (MMSEC), but has a much lower implementation complexity. In the channel with CCI, where the best performance is achieved with MMSEC, QCEGC performs very poor.     

Performance of FFH/BFSK product combining receiver over aRician-fading channel with partial-band jamming

A theoretical performance evaluation for an FFH/BFSK spread spectrum product combining receiver over a Rician-fading channel in the presence of partial-band jamming and AWGN is presented. The BER of this receiver is better than that of a linear combining receiver for a strong direct signal, and improvement is significant when diversity is increased     

Performance Study of an FFH/BFSK Self-Normalizing Receiver with Multitone Jamming's Frequency Offsets

This study investigates how frequency offsets of multitone jamming affect the fast frequency-hopped binary frequency shift keying (FFH/BFSK)self-normalizing (SNZ) receiver under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The average bit-error-rate (BER) expressions of the FFH/BFSK SNZ receiver and the average BER expressions of an FFH/BFSK spread-spectrum (SS) communication system with frequency offsets of multitone jamming for the sake of understanding the simulation results better. Simulation results show that BER performance of the FFH/BFSK SNZ receiver with diversity under the worst casemultitone jamming (MTJ) and AWGN suffers from multitone jamming's frequency offsets when the jamming power is moderate, which is validated by several simulations with different frequency offsets configured in multitone jamming. Therefore, an FFH/BFSK SNZ receiver under multitone jamming can be combated with the help of frequency offsets of multitone jamming.     

基于Monte Carlo模型的FFH/BFSK合并技术研究

分析了FFH/BFSK接收机的两种合并方式:平方律线性合并和具有自适应增益控制(AGC)的平方律非线性合并;在部分频带噪声干扰下,使用Monte Carlo模型对这两种合并方式进行仿真得到误码率曲线,仿真结果与理论误码率吻合,并得出结论:在热噪声功率受限的情况下,使用AGC合并能有效的抑制部分频带噪声干扰.     

Performance analysis of an FFH/BFSK linear-combining receiveragainst multitone jamming

A computationally efficient bit-error rate (BER) expression for a fast frequency-hopping binary frequency-shift-keying (FFH/BFSK) spread-spectrum system is derived based on Taylor-series expansion of the central differences. The FFH system employs a soft-decision linear-combining receiver against the worst-case band multitone jamming (MTJ) and additive white Gaussian noise. The analytical results are shown to match closely with the BER results based on simulation. This approach allows us to efficiently analyze the performance of the linear-combining receiver with higher diversity levels, which is otherwise mathematically intractable     

Upper bounds on the bit-error rate of optimum combining in wirelesssystems

This paper presents upper bounds on the bit-error rate (BER) of optimum combining in wireless systems with multiple cochannel interferers in a Rayleigh fading environment. We present closed-form expressions for the upper bound on the bit-error rate with optimum combining, for any number of antennas and interferers, with coherent detection of BPSK and QAM signals, and differential detection of DPSK. We also present bounds on the performance gain of optimum combining over maximal ratio combining. These bounds are asymptotically tight with decreasing BER, and results show that the asymptotic gain is within 2 dB of the gain as determined by computer simulation for a variety of cases at a 10^-3 BER. The closed-form expressions for the bound permit rapid calculation of the improvement with optimum combining for any number of interferers and antennas, as compared with the CPU hours previously required by Monte Carlo simulation. Thus these bounds allow calculation of the performance of optimum combining under a variety of conditions where it was not possible previously, including analysis of the outage probability with shadow fading and the combined effect of adaptive arrays and dynamic channel assignment in mobile radio systems     

Performance of partially coherent selection combining receiver in α-μ fading channel

In this paper the impact of the imperfect reference signal extraction is investigated, the bit error rate (BER) performance of multibranch selection combining (SC) receiver for binary and quaternary phase-shift keying (BPSK and QPSK) signals in a generalized α-μ fading channel are shown. The combined effects of imperfect phase estimation of the received signal, diversity order, fading severity and average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per bit on BER values are examined. The analytical results are verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

Extended MLSE diversity receiver for the time- andfrequency-selective channel

This paper develops a maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) diversity receiver for the time- and frequency-selective channel corrupted by additive Gaussian noise when linear constellations (M-ASK, M-PSK, M-QAM) are employed. The paper extends Ungerboeck's derivation of the extended MLSE receiver for the purely frequency-selective channel to the more general channel. Although the new receiver structure and metric assume ideal channel-state information (CSI), the receiver can be used wherever high-quality CSI is available, such as a comb of pilot tones or time-isolated symbols. The major contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) the derivation of a finite-complexity diversity receiver that is maximum likelihood (ML) for all linear channel models and sources of diversity, as long as ideal CSI is available; (2) a benchmark, in that the new receiver's performance is a lower bound on the performance of practical systems, which either lack ideal CSI or are not ML; (3) insight into matched filtering and ML diversity receiver processing for the time- and frequency-selective channels; and (4) bounds on the new receiver's bit-error rate (BER) for ideal CSI and pilot tone CSI, in a fast Rayleigh-fading channel with multiple independently faded paths. The new receiver can seamlessly tolerate square-root Nyquist pulses without a fading-induced ISI error floor     

Timing Synchronization for Cooperative Communications with Detect and Forward Relaying

A non-data-aided near maximum likelihood (NDA-NML) symbol timing estimator is presented, which is applied to a cooperative communication system with a source, relay and destination. A Cramer rao bound (CRB) for the estimator for asymptotically low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio case is derived. The timing complexity of the NDA-NML estimator is derived and compared with the correlation based data-aided maximum likelihood (DA-ML) estimator. It is demonstrated that the complexity of the NDA-NML estimator is much less than that of correlation based DA-ML estimator. The bit-error-rate (BER) performance of this system operating in a detect-and-forward (DAF) mode is studied where the channel state information (CSI) is available at the receiver and the symbol timings are estimated independently for each channel. SNR combining (SNRC) and equal ratio combining (ERC) methods are considered. It is found that timing estimation error has a significant effect on BER performance. It is also found that for large timing error the benefit of cooperative diversity could vanish. It is demonstrated that significant gains can be made with both combining methods with cooperation and timing estimation, where the gains are the same for both estimators.