基于足端轨迹规划算法的液压四足机器人步态控制策略

设计一种液压四足机器人仿生机构,通过设定相应的坐标系为机器人进行运动学建模,并对行走过程中单腿的相位关系进行了分析。针对行走过程中足端的拖地、滑动和接触冲击等问题,提出一种零冲击的足端轨迹规划改进算法,并实现了步态规划算法设计。步态规划根据步态中各腿间的相位关系,借助四足机器人运动学模型进行逆运动学解算,求出各腿的关节角度函数,利用机构的几何关系得到各液压缸伸缩量控制函数,对试验样机各腿进行伺服驱动控制,从而实现液压四足机器人的步态规划行走。仿真试验结果表明,在该策略驱动控制下液压四足机器人行走过程连续平稳,样机足端轨迹较为平滑,躯干起伏较小,证明了该足端轨迹规划方法用于四足机器人步态设计的合理性和有效性。     

基于ADAMS的四足仿生机器人单腿结构设计

利用ADAMS软件虚拟样机技术,设计了液压驱动的四足仿生机器人单腿机械结构。通过分析四足哺乳类动物身体结构及运动特性,设计了仿生机器人的机械机构,确定了机器人腿部自由度配置,建立了仿真模型。根据动物的实际运动步态,规划并设计了静步态及对角小跑两种步态,进行了逆动力学仿真,得到关节等关键部位输出数据。在仿真实验的基础上,设计了液压作动器的关键参数及四足仿生机器人单腿机械结构。     

一种仿生四足机器人的腿部结构设计及其轨迹规划

为了提高四足机器人的行走稳定性,在对"马腿"进行仿生分析的基础上,设计了一种四足机器人的新型腿部仿生结构,并基于该机器人的单腿运动学模型,利用复合摆线法对其足端轨迹进行了规划;通过分析足端位移、速度、加速度的变化特点,证明满足该机器人行走稳定性的要求,为后期机器人物理样机的稳定性实验提供了理论依据。     

液压四足机器人单腿竖直跳跃步态规划

针对机器人跳跃运动落地时冲击力大的问题,面向竖直跳跃运动,以液压四足机器人单腿为研究对象,建立液压驱动四足机器人单腿运动学模型,并分别对机器人单腿处于起跳相、落地相和腾空相时进行轨迹规划;根据关节参数,通过运动学逆解求得驱动函数,利用仿真软件ADAMS进行竖直跳跃步态仿真;搭建单腿实验平台,进行实验验证,依据得到的动态特性,分析步态规划的准确性及合理性,为后续液压四足机器人动步态的研究提供设计和控制依据。     

液压足式机器人单腿主动柔顺性控制

针对传统液压足式机器人足式步态行走过程中,足端会受到地面较大冲击力,容易对机身产生冲击,造成机身不平稳等问题,提出了一种基于位置内环阻抗外环的柔顺控制算法,有效地降低了足端冲击力,使得足端与地面友好接触。首先,以液压足式机器人单腿为对象,对机器人单腿结构和工作原理进行介绍;其次,设计了单腿液压伺服控制回路系统,并对液压足式机器人元器件进行选型;最后,针对足式行走足端柔顺性触地问题设计了位置内环阻抗外环的柔顺控制算法,利用单腿实验平台进行柔顺性触地实验。实验结果表明基于位置内环阻抗外环的柔顺控制算法,有效地降低了足端冲击力,验证了该文设计思路及算法应用的可行性。     

凸轮连杆组合机构驱动的四足仿生马机器人运动仿真研究

提出了一种仿生马构型的四足步行机器人,以用于马术辅助治疗。其单腿系统利用凸轮连杆组合机构驱动,具有两个驱动自由度,能够实现足端轨迹跨距与高度的调整。论述了凸轮连杆组合机构驱动的仿生马机器人结构与工作原理,开展了机器人的运动仿真研究。利用Solid Works软件建立机器人模型,并导入到Adams软件中进行动力学仿真分析。通过运动规划给定电机驱动函数,实现了仿生马机器人的行走运动。进一步分析得到了机器人在抬腿和落地运动过程中,足端与地面之间的接触力变化规律及相应的运动轨迹变化趋势。针对仿生马机器人运动仿真中整体出现的跳动现象,提出了采用电机变驱动规律以改良跳动的措施。研究结果为该类机器人参数的优化设计及实用化提供了理论支持。     

足式机器人单腿跳跃仿真与实验

针对跳跃运动足地冲击大的特点,基于仿生学设计一种液压驱动四足机器人单腿,分别建立单腿着地相和飞行相的运动学和动力学模型。为了满足单腿跳跃性能要求和减少足地冲击,提出基于三次曲线轨迹跟踪的跳跃方法。使用MSC.ADAMS和Simulink对单腿竖直跳跃过程进行仿真,并搭建了单腿竖直跳跃实验平台和闭环控制系统。     

四足机器人静步态连续行走策略

为实现四足机器人在平面上稳定、连续行走的行走,避免出现打滑、冲击等现象,提出一种基于walk步态零冲击足端轨迹规划方法。首先运用DH算法推导出单腿的运动学方程。然后采用直线规划支撑腿时足端的运动轨迹,五次曲线规划摆动腿在水平方向上的足端轨迹,摆线规划摆动腿在竖直方向上的足端轨迹。以静态稳定裕度为评价指标,评价了四足机器人在连续行走过程中的稳定性。最后进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,四足机器人可以在水平面上稳定、连续的行走,验证了算法的正确性。     

四足仿生机器人单腿机构工作空间的优化设计

四足仿生机器人工作空间的形状和大小对其优化设计具有重要的作用.因此,对设计的四足仿生机器人单腿机构进行了简化,根据其髋关节、膝关节的运动参数范围,采用蒙特卡洛方法在Matlab软件上画出了其工作空间的形状,利用数值积分的思想求出了工作空间的面积大小并对几何误差进行了分析.最后,以足端工作空间面积最大为优化目标,确定了大腿和小腿的最优比例,实现了四足仿生机器人单腿机构工作空间的优化设计.     

一种新型弹性足式机器人腿部结构设计与分析

提出了一种新型弹性足式机器人腿部结构设计方法。设计了一种结构简单、响应速度快、抗冲击性强的新型足式机器人腿LCS-Leg(Linkage cable-drive spring leg)。该机器人腿采用弹性连杆机构和线驱动系统,有效降低了腿部惯量和着地冲击力,提高了机器腿的响应速度和减振抗冲能力。使用复数矢量法和D-H方法建立该机器腿运动学模型,基于此模型求解足端运动工作空间,分析了LCS-Leg的越障能力。设计单腿仿真试验平台,对两种不同结构的机器腿进行仿真,对比两者的质心高度、前进速度和足端接触力,验证了所设计机器腿的运动性能。试制弹性足式机器人腿及其试验平台,通过实物样机单腿行走试验,验证了设计方法的有效性,并完成了四足机器人整体结构设计。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.