喷墨打印制备LFP/Mxene阴极锂电池及其电化学性能

制备了MXene含量2%、3%、4%、5%、6%（质量分数）的磷酸铁锂(LFP)/Ti₃AlC₂(MXene)复合材料并将其制备成墨水,通过喷墨打印方法得到锂离子阴极电池,并研究MXene含量对LFP电化学性能的影响。结果表明,随着MXene含量的增加,LFP/MXene 复合材料的电化学性能先升高后降低。以4%MXene的添加剂制备得到的LFP/MXene 复合材料电化学性能测试最佳,其电容量达到181.2 mAh·g^-1,100次循环后其库仑效率为99.4%。MXene材料具有手风琴层状结构,使得磷酸铁锂的接触比增加,此外,MXene材料比石墨烯材料具有更多的官能团结构,有助于LFP的电化学性能改进。但如果MXene加入过多,MXene材料发生结块,会降低LFP/MXene 复合材料电化学性能。     

石墨烯/钛酸锂复合材料制备研究

采用易于工业化的固相法合成Li4Ti5O12以及Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,并以N2H4·H2O为还原剂制备石墨烯材料,在此基础上高能球磨合成Li4Ti5O12/Grephene复合材料。借助X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱分析对合成的样品进行结构和形貌表征,并采用恒流充放电、交流阻抗和循环伏安等测试方法检测其电化学性能。充放电结果表明:复合前后材料形貌不发生变化,石墨烯均匀地附着在Li4Ti5O12表面。由于石墨烯具有良好的导电性,材料的倍率性能得到大幅提高。在充放电倍率为20 C时,复合材料的比容量约为120.2 m Ah·g-1,而纯相钛酸锂的比容量只有61mAh·g-1。     

磷酸铁锂正极墨水配制及其电化学性能研究

磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄, LFP)作为锂离子电池正极材料因其放电容量大、价格低廉和对环境无污染受到广泛关注。本研究旨在制备出适用于微电子打印机的性能优良的磷酸铁锂及相应复合材料正极墨水。通过配制不同浓度的磷酸铁锂墨水并制备成电极,研究最优浓度墨水制备成电极的电化学性能。研究表明,倍率为0.1 C时,打印浓度为10%的磷酸铁锂电极放电比容量高达142 mAh·g^-1,基于磷酸铁锂具有较差的导电性,选择加入少量还原氧化石墨烯提高其导电性。还原氧化石墨烯质量分数为0.6%时,磷酸铁锂和还原氧化石墨烯复合材料放电比容量达152.1 mAh·g^-1,库伦循环效率为99.2%,说明引入还原氧化石墨烯有利于提高材料整体性能。     

功能化石墨烯及石墨烯基纳米复合材料润滑添加剂的研究进展

在现代工业中,使用润滑材料降低摩擦磨损已成为提高机械元件耐久性和提高机械效率的重要手段.其中,润滑添加剂已被广泛证明能够进一步改善润滑介质的润滑性能,因此研究润滑添加剂的摩擦学表现是必要的.纳米材料作为润滑添加剂,能有效提高基础润滑介质的减摩、抗磨和极压性能,改善机械系统摩擦学性能,对节能减排和环保具有重要意义.石墨烯由于其独特的二维层状结构和优异的热力学、力学等性能,可作为润滑材料,已在摩擦学领域受到了广泛关注.近年来,大量石墨烯及其纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂被研究和制备.在大量文献的基础上,详细综述了石墨烯及其衍生物、共价键及非共价键有机功能化石墨烯、石墨烯基纳米复合材料以及石墨烯复合其他二维层状纳米材料作为润滑添加剂的研究成果,分析了影响石墨烯分散稳定性与摩擦磨损性能的因素,着重讨论了不同功能化石墨烯及石墨烯基纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨机理.最后,探讨了当前石墨烯及其纳米复合材料作为高性能润滑添加剂仍需要注意的问题和不足,并展望了其未来的研究趋势.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2的制备及电化学性能

采用液相共沉淀法和固相烧结法分别制备镍钴锰复合氢氧化物(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2)和LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2正极材料。通过X射线衍射和电化学性能测试对所得样品的结构及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明:LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2具有很好的α-NaFeO2层状结构,以20 mA/g的电流密度在2.5～4.3 V的电压区间充放电时,最高首次放电比容量达175 mA.h/g,首次库伦效率在89%～90%之间。当首次放电比容量为160～170 mA.h/g时,30循环未见容量衰减。锂含量对其电化学性能影响的结果表明:锂含量(n(Li)/n(Ni+Co+Mn))在1.03～1.09的范围内,随着锂含量的增加,放电比容量略有减小,但循环性能、中值电压以及平台性能都得到提高;当锂含量超过1.09时,循环性能、中值电压以及平台性能开始降低。     

磷酸铁锂/石墨烯复合材料的低温微波水热法制备及性能

采用喷雾干燥结合低温微波水热法制备了石墨烯/LiFePO₄复合正极材料,利用SEM、XRD、DLS等对其微观形貌、结构、粒度分布进行了表征,并利用恒流充放电、CV、EIS等测试研究了复合正极材料的电化学性能和电极动力学过程。结果表明,与未包覆的样品相比,石墨烯包覆的LiFePO₄具有优异的倍率性能(5C放电比容量为125.4 mAh?g_-1)和循环稳定性(1C条件下100次充放电后容量保持率在95%左右)。包覆石墨烯后LiFePO₄正极材料的电荷迁移电阻减小,电化学可逆性增强,从而提高了材料的倍率性能。本文提供了一条提高磷酸铁锂正极材料电化学性能的简便途径,具有良好的应用前景。     

LixNi0.5Mn0.5O2正极材料的合成及电化学性能研究

采用草酸盐共沉淀法合成了层状LixNi0.5Mn0.5O2(x=1.00,1.05,1.10,1.15)正极材料,并研究了配锂量x为1.0,1.05,1.0和1.15时对终产物的结构及电化学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)表征LixNi0.5Mn0.5O2材料的结构,使用充放电实验、EIS及CV研究了LixNi0.5Mn0.5O2的电化学性能。结果表明,x为1.10时材料具有良好的层状特征,且材料中锂/镍的混排程度最小。x为1.10时材料内阻小,有更好的循环稳定性和可逆性。在测试温度55℃和电压2.0～4.5V范围内,材料的首次放电比容量达到了239.6mAh/g,在循环20周后,容量保持率为98.2%。     

纳米SnO_2/聚苯胺/环氧复合涂层的防腐蚀性能

采用原位氧化聚合法合成了不同质量比的纳米SnO2/聚苯胺复合材料,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对材料进行表征,并在304不锈钢表面制备了纳米SnO2/聚苯胺的环氧涂层,利用电化学工作站和浸泡增重试验研究其耐蚀性能。结果表明,纳米SnO2/聚苯胺复合材料的防腐蚀效果优于聚苯胺,且当SnO2在复合材料中的质量分数为4%时,防腐蚀性能最佳。依据不锈钢表面复合涂层的结构,建立合理的等效电路,结合电化学阻抗谱数据,研究了纳米SnO2/聚苯胺/环氧复合涂层耐蚀性增强的机制。     

氧化石墨烯/环氧复合涂层研究进展

氧化石墨烯是一种性能优异的新型纳米材料,具有较高的比表面积以及大量含氧基团。介绍了氧化石墨烯的表面改性方法,从复合涂料的合成以及性能等方面重点阐述了氧化石墨烯/环氧复合材料的研究进展,同时介绍了复合涂料的防腐机理。展望了氧化石墨烯/环氧复合材料今后的研究方向。     

基于增强相构型设计的石墨烯/Cu复合材料研究进展

铜基复合材料具有优异的功能特性及力学性能,在电子、电工等领域具有广阔的应用前景.作为一类理想的增强相,石墨烯具有优异的综合性能以及二维结构特征.相比于其他如颗粒增强相、晶须增强相,石墨烯与Cu的性能匹配性更好,同时其在Cu基体中的分布结构具有更强的可设计性,可显著改善铜基复合材料的综合性能,因此利用新工艺实现石墨烯分布构型的调控设计成为当今铜基复合材料研究的热点.本文总结了近年来石墨烯在Cu基体中分布的构型(均匀构型、层状构型以及网络构型)及其相应的制备工艺,讨论了石墨烯构型对于铜基复合材料性能的影响,并展望了石墨烯构型设计的新思路,以及特殊构型石墨烯/Cu复合材料未来的发展趋势以及应用领域.     

固相法合成原位碳包覆LiFePO4复合正极材料及其性能

以LiH2PO4和FeC2O4.2H2O为原料,聚乙烯醇为碳源,通过机械化学活化辅助固相法合成原位碳包覆的LiFePO4材料;考察合成温度对LiFePO4/C材料晶体结构、物理和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:700℃下处理的产物结晶良好、分布均匀、颗粒细小;在最佳的热处理条件下,热解碳在LiFePO4颗粒表面形成了良好的纳米导电层,LiFePO4/C材料在0.1C、0.5C、1C和2C倍率下放电比容量分别为155.7、150.1、140.1和130 mA.h/g,且材料在0.1～2C范围内充放电都有很平稳的平台,极化小,并具有较高的高倍率(2C)放电比容量和较好的循环性能。     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of graphene-ZnO nanocomposite for electrochemical supercapacitors

Graphene-ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via microwave-assisted reduction of zinc ions in aqueous solution with graphite oxide dispersion using a microwave synthesis system. The electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite was analyzed through cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry tests. The results showed that as compared with pure graphene, graphene-ZnO composite exhibited an improved electrochemical capacitance of 146 F/g with good reversible charge/discharge behavior.     

In situ synthesis of Co3O4/graphene nanocomposite material for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors with high capacity and supercapacitance

Co₃O₄/graphene nanocomposite material was prepared by an in situ solution-based method under reflux conditions. In this reaction progress, Co²⁺ salts were converted to Co₃O₄ nanoparticles which were simultaneously inserted into the graphene layers, upon the reduction of graphite oxide to graphene. The prepared material consists of uniform Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (15-25 nm), which are well dispersed on the surfaces of graphene nanosheets. This has been confirmed through observations by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The prepared composite material exhibits an initial reversible lithium storage capacity of 722 mAh g⁻¹ in lithium-ion cells and a specific supercapacitance of 478 F g⁻¹ in 2 M KOH electrolyte for supercapacitors, which were higher than that of the previously reported pure graphene nanosheets and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles. Co₃O₄/graphene nanocomposite material demonstrated an excellent electrochemical performance as an anode material for reversible lithium storage in lithium ion cells and as an electrode material in supercapacitors.     

Design of best performing hexagonal shaped Ag@CoS/rGO nanocomposite electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitor application

The mixed metal/metal sulphide (Ag@CoS) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (Ag@CoS/rGO) was synthesized for the possible electrode in supercapacitors. Ag@CoS was successfully deposited on the rGO nanosheets by hydrothermal method, implying the growth of 2D Ag and CoS-based hexagonal-like structure on the rGO framework. The synthesized nanocomposite was subjected to structural, morphological and electrochemical studies. The XRD results show that the prepared nanocomposite material exhibits a combination of hexagonal and cubic phase due to the presence of CoS and Ag phases together. The band appearing at nearly 470.33 cm⁻¹ in FTIR spectra can be ascribed to the absorption of S–S bond in the Ag@CoS/rGO nanocomposite. The clear hexagonal structure was analysed by SEM and TEM with the grain sizes ranging from nanometer to micrometer. The electrode material exhibits excellent cyclic stability with a specific capacitance of 1580 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g without any loss of capacitive retention even after 1000 cycles. Based on the electrochemical performance, it can be inferred that the prepared novel nanocomposite material is very suitable for using as an electrode for electrochemical supercapacitor applications.     

锂离子电池用氧化亚铜/石墨烯负极材料的制备

在不添加表面活性剂的水溶液体系中,采用水合肼作为还原剂制备得到具有八面体形貌的氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合材料。透射电镜分析表明：氧化亚铜颗粒与石墨烯在复合物中呈多层次分布,而且氧化亚铜一次颗粒很好地嵌入在石墨烯层间。相比于纯氧化亚铜,氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能得到了显著的改善。在100 mA/g的电流密度下循环50次后,氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合物的可逆比容量高达348.4 mA？h/g,同时,在不同倍率下（50,100,200,400,800 mA/g）循环60次后,其可恢复容量仍达305.8 mA？h/g。     

Ni2+替代对LiFePO4正极材料电化学性能的影响

利用炭热还原法合成了橄榄石型LiFe1-xNixPO4/C (x=0.0,0.1,0.3,0.5) 正极材料,并系统研究了Ni2+替代对材料电化学性能的影响。充放电循环、循环伏安和交流阻抗测试,结果表明Ni2+替代部分Fe2+可以显著改善LiFePO4材料的电化学性能。在0.2 C (1 C=170.0 mA·g-1)电流密度下,LiFe0.9Ni0.1PO4/C的放电比容量达到160 mAh·g-1。LiFe1-xNixPO4/C电化学性能的改善归因于材料电导率的提高和电荷传输电阻的降低。利用第一性原理对LiFe1-xNixPO4/C的电子结构进行了研究,结果表明Ni2+的铁位替代能够提高体系的电子电导性。LiFe0.875Ni0.125PO4的结构最稳定,带隙最小,导电性能最好     

Controllable Morphology Tailoring with Solvothermal Method Toward LiMnPO4/C Cathode Materials for Improved Performance and Favorable Thermostability

An environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of LiMnPO₄/C anode material for lithium-ion batteries by solvothermal method is introduced. The modification of the morphology of this precursor is altered by changing the ratio of the conditioning solvent (water-ethylene glycol solution) and the order of material addition. Ethylene glycol (EG) exerts a considerable influence on synthesizing LiMnPO₄/C flake-like nanocrystal, which benefits the extraction/insertion reaction of lithium ions and improves the electrochemical activity and electrochemical performance of LiMnPO₄/C material. When the solvent composition is H₂O:EG = 1:3, exhibiting exceptional charge/discharge performance and rate capability, the specific discharge capacities are 155.8, 153.7, 148.8, 141.4, 129.5, and 112.6 mAh g^-1 at the 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 C rates, respectively. When the charge-discharge rate returns to 0.1 C, the LiMnPO₄/C material shows a reversible discharge specific capacity of 153.7 mAh g^-1. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests verify that the thermodynamic stability of the prepared LiMnPO₄/C(LMP) and commercial LiFePO₄ (LFP)materials is better than that of commercial nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) ternary materials. These prepared LiMnPO₄/C composites have high electrochemical capacity and cycle stability.     

Flexible free-standing graphene-like film electrode for supercapacitors by electrophoretic deposition and electrochemical reduction

Electrophoretic deposition in conjunction with electrochemical reduction was used to make flexible free-standing graphene-like films. Firstly, graphene oxide (GO) film was deposited on graphite substrate by electrophoretic deposition method, and then reduced by subsequent electrochemical reduction of GO to obtain reduced GO (ERGO) film with high electrochemical performance. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of the prepared graphene-like film were confirmed by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. These unique materials were found to provide high specific capacitance and good cycling stability. The high specific capacitance of 254 F/g was obtained from cyclic voltammetry measurement at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. When the current density increased to 83.3 A/g, the specific capacitance values still remained 132 F/g. Meanwhile, the high powder density of 39.1 kW/kg was measured at energy density of 11.8 W·h/kg in 1 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution. Furthermore, at a constant scan rate of 50 mV/s, 97.02% of its capacitance was retained for 1000 cycles. These promising results were attributed to the unique assembly structure of graphene film and low contact resistance, which indicated their potential application to electrochemical capacitors.     

石墨烯/纳米金刚石复合电极性能研究

为开发具有高能量密度、高功率密度和长寿命的超级电容器复合电极,将纳米金刚石(nano dia-mond,ND)经真空热处理获得石墨化纳米金刚石(graphitized nano diamond,GND),再采用超声法将不同质量比的石墨烯与GND制备成复合电极,进行电化学性能测试并分析其结构.电化学性能测试结果表明:质量...