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传统易切削黄铜多为含铅黄铜,如HPb59—1、HPb63—3等,广泛应用于五金件、手表零件、汽车零件、制冷设备、家电以及卫浴等领域。含铅黄铜零部件报废后,以各种途径污染环境。近年来,随着环保要求的提高,促进了无铅易切削黄铜的研制,发展低铅及无铅黄铜材料已成为一种趋势。用铋、锑、硅、碲、镁等元素来代替铅是实现无铅易切削黄铜材料的较好途径,许多研究单位已经开发了无铅易切削黄铜产品,其切削性能和强度等接近于普通铅黄铜,但是,这些产品的冷、热加工性能尚需要进一步提高,以达到替代铅黄铜的目的。本文综述了国内外环保易切削黄铜的研究现状并且对其发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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介绍了现有黄铜棒材生产技术的现状,阐述了我公司利用废杂铜水平连铸生产黄铜棒材的工艺流程、工艺参数、工艺原理,并对该黄铜棒材组织结构及机械性能进行了分析。结果表明,利用废杂铜水平连铸生产黄铜棒材迎合了国家循环经济发展要求,节约了生产成本,棒材综合性能达到了水暖五金卫浴用黄铜棒材行业标准水平。 相似文献
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镁黄铜的组织与性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用熔铸、挤压的方法制备出了镁黄铜棒材.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和差热分析仪(DSC)等手段对镁黄铜的微观组织、物相组成和相转变特征、力学性能、切削性能以及腐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明:合金物相由α相、β相和Cu2Mg相组成,以α相为主;镁黄铜的抗拉强度为494.39MPa,屈服强度为388 56MPa,伸长率为8.78%,布氏硬度为HV140.7,优于铅黄铜;切削性能达到铅黄铜性能的78.5%.研制的镁黄铜替代铅黄铜具有可行性. 相似文献
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《理化检验(物理分册)》2015,(4)
随着世界各国对消费品中铅含量的限制性技术标准和法规的颁布实施,含铅黄铜的使用受到越来越多的限制,我国作为消费品出口大国,含铅黄铜制品的出口也受到了严重影响。该文首先综述了世界主要国家对黄铜制日用消费品中铅含量限制的各种技术标准和法规;然后从无铅黄铜第三组元的选择特性出发,介绍了国内外无铅易切削黄铜的研究现状;最后对无铅易切削黄铜在消费品制造中的应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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将海水用于冷却对管道和换热设备有腐蚀。在天然海水中以不同方式添加缓蚀剂苯并三氮唑(BTA)及KI,将黄铜浸泡其中,采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)及其能谱仪(EDS)分析了黄铜腐蚀前后的结构、形貌及成分。结果表明:在同时添加BTA和KI的海水中浸泡后,黄铜表面的Cu2p XPS谱峰向高束缚能区的位置偏移,形成Cu(Ⅰ),黄铜表面膜主要由Cu2O,CuCl,CuI,Cu(Ⅰ)-BTA和ZnO组成;空白海水中的黄铜发生了严重的脱锌腐蚀,Cu富集在金属表面,添加缓蚀剂后,黄铜的脱锌腐蚀得到抑制,且先添加BTA后添加KI的海水中的黄铜显示了更好的抗Cl-侵蚀的能力,I-起到了补膜的作用;在只添加了BTA的海水中的黄铜表面有明显的点蚀坑,在同时加入BTA,KI的海水中的黄铜表面无明显腐蚀,在先后加入BTA,KI的海水中的黄铜表面光亮,腐蚀抑制的效果更明显。 相似文献
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无铅易切削黄铜的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着世界各国对铅造成的污染和危害的重视,含铅黄铜的使用受到越来越多的限制,开发低成本无铅易切削黄铜迫在眉睫。本文根据无铅黄铜第三组元的选择特性,从组织结构、易切削机理、加工工艺、耐腐蚀性能四个方面综述了国内外无铅易切削黄铜合金的研究现状,并详细分析了铋、锑的凝固行为对合金显微组织和性能的影响,重点介绍了无铅易切削钙磷黄铜合金的微观组织、能谱分析结果、力学性能和切削性能,提出了当前工作中存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望,期待能够在无铅易切削黄铜的研究及实际应用中起到一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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通过对黄铜标样及样品的测试,建立了X荧光能谱仪测定黄铜中铜含量的方法。本方法采用能谱仪中定量分析软件;选择适当工作条件,测定黄铜中钢元素。其准确度,精密度,均能满足分析要求。 相似文献
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Enhancement of bioseparation and dewaterability of domestic wastewater sludge by fungal treated dewatered sludge 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A promising biological, sustainable, non-hazardous, safe and environmental friendly management and disposal technique of domestic wastewater sludge is global expectation. Fungal entrapped biosolids as a result of prior fungal treated raw wastewater sludge was recycled to evaluate its performance as inoculum for bioseparation/bioconversion of supplemented sludge in view of continuous as well as scale up wastewater sludge treatment. Encouraging results were achieved in bioseparation of suspended solids and in dewaterability/filterability of treated domestic wastewater sludge. Fungal entrapped biosolids offered 98% removal of total suspended solids (TSS) in supplemented sludge treatment at 6-day without nutrient (wheat flour, WF) supply. Consequently, 99% removal of turbidity and 87% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were achieved in supernatant of treated sludge. The lowest value (1.75 x 10(12)m/kg) of specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was observed at 6-day after treatment, which was equivalent to the 70% decrease of SRF. The all results except SRF were not influenced further in treatments accompanied with WF supplementation. The present treatments offered significant (P相似文献
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为了使铝工业废水达标排放,回收废水中的铝,以NaOH为沉淀剂,通过控制不同pH值,采用化学分步沉淀法对铝工业废水进行处理,同时对所产生的沉淀物Al(OH)3经过干燥、焙烧进行资源化研究,采用粒径测定仪和红外光谱对所得产物进行了分析检测.研究表明:废水处理后得到的Al(OH)3凝胶在干燥15~25 h、焙烧温度1150℃、焙烧7 h的条件下,可得氧化铝粉末,该粉末产品经粒径检测、红外谱图分析,证明所得氧化铝为α-Al2O3,且粒径在227~309 nm范围内.铝工业废水经过分步沉淀处理后,达到国家废水排放标准,废水中的铝以α-Al2O3的形式回收. 相似文献
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Evaporation and air-stripping to assess and reduce ethanolamines toxicity in oily wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Toxicity from industrial oily wastewater remains a problem even after conventional activated sludge treatment process, because of the persistence of some toxicant compounds. This work verified the removal efficiency of organic and inorganic pollutants and the effects of evaporation and air-stripping techniques on oily wastewater toxicity reduction. In a lab-scale plant, a vacuum evaporation procedure at three different temperatures and an air-stripping stage were tested on oily wastewater. Toxicity reduction/removal was observed at each treatment step via Microtox bioassay. A case study monitoring real scale evaporation was also done in a full-size wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). To implement part of a general project of toxicity reduction evaluation, additional investigations took into account the monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) role in toxicity definition after the evaporation phase, both as pure substances and mixtures. Only MEA and TEA appeared to contribute towards effluent toxicity. 相似文献
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膜技术处理含油废水的研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
介绍了膜技术在含油废水处理中的特点和应用前景,针对含油废水的性质,探讨了膜类型的选择、操作压差、膜面流速、操作温度、膜污染及清洗等因素对膜技术处理含油废水的影响.通常情况下,操作压力过大时,膜通量随压力变化较小,而低于该压力时,膜通量随操作压力的增大而提高;膜面流速和温度对膜通量的影响和操作压力的影响类似;膜经过合适的清洗可以基本恢复膜通量.还介绍了膜技术在油田含油废水处理中的实例和存在的问题,并进一步指出今后的发展方向是研究开发经济、高效的污水处理技术,尤其是膜技术和微生物法结合处理油田含油废水的技术. 相似文献
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介绍了一种新型废水处理工艺,用于处理GTG起爆药生产中的含镉废水。采用中和沉淀法与硫化物沉淀法相结合的方式,利用NaOH作为一次沉淀剂,与废水中的镉离子结合生成Cd(OH)2沉淀,一次处理后的废水通过孔径约为25μm的防酸碱腐蚀的滤袋与阶梯式沉降后进入第二沉淀槽,然后利用Na2S对滤液进行二次沉淀,并在二次沉淀槽出口处设置过滤装置,从而使GTG起爆药生产中的含镉废水达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中关于总镉量的相关要求,满足工业废水三级排放标准。还提出了一种对一次沉渣进行回收利用的可行性方案,即通过对一次沉渣进行成分分析,并按照GTG起爆药的投料配比、化合工艺进行试验,验证了一次沉渣能够进行回收与再利用。该处理方法能够有效去除GTG起爆药废水中的重金属镉离子,同时对于一次沉渣的回收与利用也降低了GTG起爆药的生产成本,满足了工业生产与安全环保的双重要求。 相似文献
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D. Giokas A. Vlessidis M. Angelidis G. Tsimarakis M. Karayannis 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2002,4(3):183-190
Flow perturbation due to inflow of water (mainly rain water) and loss of wastewater from the pipes of a sewage network is
a widely recognized phenomenon in the operation of sewage transfer systems. The most apparent result is the variability of
wastewater flow in the input of the subsequent wastewater treatment facilities, which affects several operational parameters
including the sedimentation processes and the biological activity. As part of an overall effort for the upgrade of the wastewater
treatment plant of Ioannina (Greece) a 3-year study was undertaken to investigate the effect of wastewater flow fluctuation
on the performance of the treatment process. In either case (water infiltration or wastewater evaporation) a decrease in the
process performance was observed due to decrease in the hydraulic or solids retention time or due to the elevated feed concentration
caused by the reduced flow, respectively. Handling these problems through control of the return activated sludge flow was
not found to be totally adequate for all operating conditions, thus indicating the need for a different perspective in the
design procedures in order to meet with the legislative mandated effluent limits.
Electronic Publication 相似文献