碳／碳复合材料的性能和应用进展

碳／碳（C／C）复合材料是以碳为基体,碳纤维增强的复合材料,具有高比强度、高比模量、耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳、抗蠕变、导电、传热和膨胀系数小等一系列优异性能,既可作为结构材料承载重荷,又可作为功能材料发挥作用。同时,碳／碳（C／C）复合材料是一种能在超高温条件下工作的高温结构材料,所以在航空航天领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了碳／碳（C／C）复合材料的制备相应力学、热学性能,化学性能和其在各领域的应用进展。     

碳/碳复合材料的发展及应用研究

碳/碳复合材料作为新型结构材料具有优异的力学性能、低热膨胀系数、耐热冲击以及耐烧蚀等优异性能,在较宽的温域范围内拥有较好的抗蠕变性能和较高的强度保留率,是新材料领域重点研究和开发的一类战略性高技术材料。本文阐述了碳/碳复合材料的优势以及综述了碳/碳复合材料的发展阶段,重点针对航空航天、光伏产业、汽车、半导体、工业领域以及生物医学等领域进行应用探索,本文认为碳/碳复合材料正从过去的双元复合逐步向多元复合的方向发展,未来碳/碳复合材料会向多功能复合材料方向发展,其应用领域也将更加广泛。     

碳材料在锂离子电容器中的研究进展

锂离子电容器作为一种新型电化学储能器件,由于具有高比能量、高比功率和长循环寿命等优点,已经在电动汽车、轨道交通和新型储能系统等领域获得应用示范。作为锂离子电容器的核心组成部分,电极材料对器件性能的发挥起到了决定性的作用。碳材料由于具有较高的电化学活性,可以有效地提高锂离子电容器的电化学性能。本文综述了碳材料作为锂离子电容器电极的最新研究进展,并对其发展的前景进行了展望。     

碳硼烷基耐高温聚合物的研究进展

综述了碳硼烷基耐高温聚合物的研究背景、制备方法及结构特点；介绍了碳硼烷的合成方法和结构表征；对聚（碳硼烷-硅氧烷）、聚（碳硼烷-硅氧烷-乙炔基）和聚（芳基醚酮-碳硼烷）三类碳硼烷基聚合物的合成方法和性能进行了详细的介绍。目前研究表明：碳硼烷基聚合物具有极其优异的耐热及热氧化性能，在先进复合材料基体树脂、陶瓷前驱体、碳／碳复合材料的表面涂层和耐原子氧涂层等高技术领域具有广泛的应用。对碳硼烷基耐高温聚合物的发展前景进行了展望。     

聚合物/碳系填料发泡复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的研究进展

综述了聚合物/碳系填料发泡复合材料在电磁屏蔽领域应用的研究进展,重点讨论了各种碳系填料（石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纤维）以及多组分碳系填料对发泡复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的影响及相关电磁屏蔽原理。结果表明,碳系填料的功能化、泡孔结构的调控、材料多层次结构的设计、制备工艺的优化等是改善聚合物/碳系填料发泡复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的有效途径。     

陶／碳材料自愈合抗氧化

碳材料以及碳／碳复合材料，是一种在高温下使用仍具有优良性能的结构材料。但是在高温下，如超过500℃，它却因易于被氧化而受到限制，仅能用于非氧存在的惰性环境之中。因此，人们对碳材料及碳／碳复合材料在高温下的抗氧化性保护产生了极大兴趣，并发现了具有较好保护性的硼硅酸盐玻璃。本文对此进行了研究，并对羊干、熔块对形成硼 硅酸盐的膜的影响作了实验。     

预氧化聚丙烯腈（PAN）纤维制造的碳／碳复合材料

采用不同表面宫能团的预氧化聚丙烯腈（PAN）纤维作为增强体，以酚醛树脂和煤沥青分别为基体材料制成的碳／碳复合材料已经开发出来了。树脂基复合材料的热解行为表现为：横截面收缩以及分别为18－24％和32－40％的重量损失，这取决于预氧化PAN纤维表面所含表面宫能团的数量。经1000℃热处理，树脂基复合材料的弹性强度和弹性模量分别在11．0－30MPa和30－50GPa范围内，而煤沥青基复合材料则在35－55MPa和30－50GPa范围内。经过石墨化（2700℃）处理后，树脂基复合材料的机械性能改变不大（复合物变脆），但煤沥青基复合材料的弱性强度则增加了4－6倍（200－250MPa），弹性模量增加2－3倍（100－120PGa）。因此，可利用预氧化PAN纤维作增强体来制备碳／碳复合材料，且与商业级碳纤维增强的碳／碳复合材料具有大致相同的机械性能（T－300，日本东丽制）。     

碳相含量对C—SiC—TiB2复合材料结构和力学性能的影响

研究了碳相含量对原位合成的碳／陶复合材料（Ｃ－ＳｉＣ－ＴｉＣ－ＴｉＢ２）的结构和性能的影响。结果表明：随着碳含量的增加,材料的抗弯强度下降。材料的烧结温度应随着碳含量增加相应的提高,才能获得致密的碳／陶复合材料     

生物质衍生碳基复合吸波材料的研究进展

为了满足军事国防领域对隐身技术的需求,解决5G时代广泛的电磁污染问题,各类型的碳基吸波材料异军突起。生物质衍生碳基材料相比传统碳基吸波材料,不仅提高了吸波性能,还具有轻质、低成本和可持续的优势。简要叙述了生物质碳材料的合成方法,系统地介绍了可食用和非食用2种生物质衍生材料在碳基复合吸波材料制备中的应用,综述了近几年来生物质衍生碳基复合材料在吸波领域的最新研究进展。重点分析了不同生物质衍生碳基复合材料的微观结构、微波吸收性能的差异,并概述了不同生物质衍生碳基复合材料吸波机理,最后讨论了具有高效微波吸收性能的生物质碳基复合吸波材料所面临的挑战,展望了其未来发展的方向。为从事生物质衍生吸波材料的科研工作者提供了较为全面的理论和应用知识背景,并有望进一步推进生物质衍生碳基复合吸波材料的发展及应用。     

碳材料在钴催化剂活化过硫酸盐中的研究进展

碳材料具有独特的纳米结构、优异的导电性、化学稳定性和吸附性能,是纳米金属粒子的良好载体,在催化领域具有广泛的应用前景。近年来,国内外各种碳材料在活性过硫酸盐高级氧化技术中的应用研究发展迅速。综述了各种碳材料（碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳气凝胶、碳纤维、介孔碳、活性炭和生物炭）作为钴金属及其氧化物的载体活化过硫酸盐的理论和应用研究进展,旨在为碳材料在高级氧化技术中的进一步应用提供参考。     

Advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of high and ultra-high temperature ceramics modified or coated carbon/carbon composites

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are considered as one of the most promising materials in structural applications owing to their excellent mechanical properties at high temperature. However, C/C composites are susceptible to high-temperature oxidation. Matrix modification and coating technology with ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have proved to be highly effective to improve the oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composites. In this paper, recent advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composites were firstly reviewed, with attention to oxidation and ablation properties of C/C composites coated or modified with UHTCs. Then, several new methods in improving oxidation and ablation resistance were discussed, such as by using nanostructures to toughen UHTCs coatings or carbon matrix and the combination of matrix modification and coating technology. In addition, relevant ablation tests with scaled models were also briefly introduced. Finally, some open problems and future challenges were highlighted in the development and application of these materials.     

A review on machining of carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites

Carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix ceramic/polymers composites have excellent physical-mechanical properties for their specific strength, high hardness, and strong fracture toughness relative to their matrix, and they also possess a good performance of wear resistance, heat resistance, dimensional stability, and ablation resistance. It is a choice for thermal protection and high temperature structural materials. However, this kind of composites owning characteristics of high hardness and abrasion is difficult to machine which impedes the large-scale industrial application of manufacturing. This paper mainly reviews the research on machining status of carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites including carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites from the aspects of conventional machining and unconventional machining method. The machining trends, problems existing in various machining methods and corresponding solutions are generalized and analyzed.     

炭/炭复合材料抗氧化研究进展

C／C复合材料的高温氧化性能限制了其在高温领域的广泛应用。本文简要介绍了C／C复合材料的氧。化机理及两种主要的抗氧化技术，即抗氧化涂层技术和内部抗氧化技术，并就涂层的结构和发展趋势作了简要介绍。介绍了添加抑制剂磷和硼对C／C复合材料的高温氧化抑制，重点分析了将硼引入C／C复合材料的方法及硼在其中的接触氧化抑制和优先分配。对C／C复合材料的最新进展情况作了简要介绍，并对C／C复合材料高温抗氧化的研究方向提出自己的看法。     

尼龙/碳纳米管复合材料的制备和性能

碳纳米管是一种一材多能和一材多用的功能材料和结构材料,尼龙/碳纳米管复合材料具有优异的导电性、超强的力学性能和良好的导热性,可望用于汽车、飞行器制造、电子机械等领域。对尼龙/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法、主要性能和应用进行综述。     

Interfacial micromechanics and effect of moisture on fluorinated epoxy carbon fiber composites

Carbon fiber composites have witnessed an increased application in aerospace and other civil structures due to their excellent structural properties such as specific strength and stiffness. However, unlike other structural materials, carbon fiber composites have not been as widely studied. Hence, their increased application is also accompanied with a serious concern about their long‐term durability. Many of these applications are exposed to multiple environments such as moisture, temperature, and UV radiation. Composites based on conventional epoxies readily absorb moisture. However, recently synthesized fluorinated epoxies show reduced moisture absorption and hence potentially better long‐term durability. The aim of this project is to study the effect of moisture absorption on fluorinated‐epoxy‐based carbon fiber composites and their comparison with conventional epoxy carbon fiber‐based composites. Microbond tests are performed on fluorinated and nonfluorinated epoxy‐based single fiber samples before and after boiling water degradation. It is found that fluorinated epoxy‐based single fiber coupons showed relatively reduced degradation of interface when compared with the nonfluorinated epoxy single fiber coupons. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展

聚丙烯（PP）作为通用型热塑性塑料,具有物理性能优异、成型加工简单、密度小以及原料来源丰富等优点,广泛应用于电器、汽车和包装等行业。但是PP具有韧性差、低温脆性突出、抗冲击性能不佳、介电常数低、制品尺寸稳定性差等诸多缺点。碳纳米管（CNT）不仅具有独特的管状结构,还具有优异的力学、导电、导热以及耐磨等性能。将CNT和PP进行复合并制备出具有导电、导热、耐磨等高性能复合材料具有广阔的应用前景。因此,本文重点综述PP和CNT复合材料的新进展,主要包括结晶行为、力学性能、电学性能、摩擦性能、导热性能以及其他性能。针对现阶段PP/CNT复合材料研究和开发过程中存在的问题提出意见和建议,并对PP/CNT复合材料的未来发展做出展望。     

Siliconization elimination for SiC coated C/C composites by a pyrolytic carbon coating and the consequent improvement of the mechanical property and oxidation resistances

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites have a wide application as the thermal structure materials because of their excellent properties at high temperatures. However, C/C composites are easily oxidized in oxygen-containing environment, which limits their potential applications to a great degree. Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic coating fabricated via pack cementation (PC) was considered as an effective way to protect C/C composites against oxidation. But the mechanical properties of C/C composites were severely damaged due to chemical reaction between the molten silicon and C/C substrate during the preparation of SiC coating by PC. In order to eliminate the siliconization erosion, a pyrolytic carbon (PyC) coating was pre-prepared on C/C composites by the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) prior to the fabrication of SiC coating. Due to the retardation effect of PyC coating on siliconization erosion, the flexural strength retention of the SiC coated C/C composites with PyC coating increased from 46.27 % to 107.95 % compared with the specimen without PyC coating. Furthermore, the presence of homogeneous and defect-free PyC coating was beneficial to fabricate a compact SiC coating without silicon phase by sufficiently reacting with molten silicon during PC. Therefore, the SiC coated C/C composites with PyC coating had better oxidation resistances under dynamic (between room temperature and 1773 K) and static conditions in air at different temperatures (1773?1973 K).     

“三明治”C/C复合材料及其摩擦磨损性能

通过化学气相渗透法(CVI)制备出一种新型的"三明治"结构的C/C复合材料。其两侧是纯网胎结构的功能层,主要承担摩擦功能;中间为承担结构作用的结构层,与传统针刺毡结构一致。系统研究了材料的微观组织结构特征及其摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:"三明治"C/C复合材料各个区域的热解炭都为粗糙层结构;刹车性能较传统三维针刺结构C/C复合材料的摩擦性能稳定;在摩擦试验过程中,摩擦面能够形成一层连续均匀的薄膜,使材料在刹车过程中具有较稳定的摩擦系数并能够有效降低材料的磨损率。     

A Review on Wear and Friction Performance of Carbon–Carbon Composites at High Temperature

Carbon–carbon (C/C) composite is one of the best ceramic matrix composite due to its high mechanical properties and applications at control environments in various sectors. Carbon–carbon composite is made of woven carbon fibers; carbonaceous polymers and hydrocarbons are used as matrix precursors. These composites generally have densities <2.0 g/cm³ even after densification. C/C composites have good frictional properties and thermal conductivity at high temperature. Also C/C composite can be used as brake pads in high‐speed vehicles. In spite of various applications, C/C composites are very much prone to oxidation at high temperature. Therefore, C/C composites must be protected from oxidation for the use at high temperature.