复数轮廓波变换纹理图像检索系统

针对基本轮廓波变换纹理图像检索系统检索率低下的问题,提出了一种基于复数轮廓波变换(CCT)的纹理图像检索系统.该系统采用的复数轮廓波变换由双树复小波变换级联临界下采样方向滤波器构成,特征向量采用子带系数的能量和标准偏差连接而成,以Canberra距离为相似度度量标准;比较了基于同样架构的基本轮廓波变换(CT)、无下采样轮廓波变换(NSCT)、半下采样轮廓波变换(CTS)和CCT纹理检索系统的性能.实验结果表明:在特征向量长度、检索时间、所需存储空间基本相同的情况下,基于CCT的检索系统比CT、CTS和NSCT检索系统具有更高的检索率;各种轮廓波变换分解结构尺度数对检索率也有较大的影响.     

无下采样轮廓波变换纹理图像检索系统

针对基本轮廓波变换纹理检索系统检索率较低的问题,提出了一种无下采样轮廓波变换(NSCT)纹理图像检索系统.该系统采用的轮廓波变换由无下采样拉普拉斯金字塔级联无下采样方向滤波器构成,特征向量采用子带系数的能量和标准偏差连接而成;以Canberra距离为相似度度量标准.比较了基于同样架构的基本轮廓波变换和NSCT纹理检索系统的性能.实验结果表明:在特征向量长度,检索时间、所需存储空间基本相同的情况下,NSCT检索系统比基本轮廓波变换检索系统具有更高的检索率;NSCT分解结构参数以及图像类型对于平均检索率也有较大的影响.     

架构于双树轮廓波及GGD模型的纹理图像检索

提出一种基于双树轮廓波变换的纹理图像检索方法.双树轮廓波由塔型双树方向滤波器组构建,它保持了轮廓波灵活的方向选择性,同时克服了传统轮廓波不具有移不变性的缺点.根据双树轮廓波系数的统计特性,本文利用广义高斯分布对各子带进行建模,采用矩估计法提取模型参数,并用KL距离度量图像之间的相似度,实现纹理图像检索.为评价检索性能,从Brodatz图库创建了包含800幅纹理图像的数据库.实验结果表明,本文算法的平均检索率比基于小波和轮廓波的方法分别提高了10.46%和6.94%,而且保持了较高的计算效率.     

NSST域改进NMF的红外与可见光图像融合

针对红外与可见光图像融合时细节信息提取不充分、算法复杂度高等缺点,本文提出一种降低算法复杂度、丰富细节信息的基于非降采样剪切波变换(NSST)和非负矩阵分解(NMF)的红外与可见光图像融合算法。该方法根据NSST算法对源图像分别进行多尺度、多方向稀疏分解,分别得到低频部分和高频部分。对低频部分采用基于改进的NMF融合规则;对高频部分采用拉普拉斯能量和视觉敏感度系数相结合的融合规则。最后,对低频融合部分和高频融合部分执行NSST逆变换得到最终的融合图像。实验结果表明,该融合方法不仅可以保证融合图像的清晰度,同时还可以缩短算法的运行时间。     

A new image fusion method based on compressive sensing principle

研究了新兴的压缩感知(CS)理论在图像融合中的潜在应用,针对已有图像融合方法容易导致融合图像的亮度过高、与源图像的对比度不能保持一致,且伴有明显条纹出现等的缺点,提出了一种新的基于CS原理的图像融合方法,该方法用基于压缩测量值标准偏差(SD)的自适应加权平均融合算子对各待融合图像在CS域的投影测量值进行融合,再经总变分优化算法对融合测量值进行重构而得到融合图像.为验证该方法的有效性,进行了多组不同类型传感器所获图像的融合实验,主观视觉分析和客观评价指标的统计结果均表明,该算法在有效抑制图像中条纹现象发生的同时从原始图像提取了更多的有用信息,显著增强了图像的清晰度,取得了更好的视觉效果,从而展示了CS技术在图像融合方面的突出效果和应用潜力.     

架构于抗混叠轮廓波的红外图像插值放大算法

为了在放大红外图像时保持边缘或轮廓的正则性,提出一种基于抗混叠轮廓波变换的图像插值放大算法.该算法首先结合抗混叠塔式滤波器组和方向滤波器组,构造出抗混叠的轮廓波变换;然后将原始图像的小波域线性插值结果看成是放大图像的初始估计,输入到一个迭代过程;在每次迭代中,将放大图像看成是理想高分辨率图像的含噪逼近,并对其实施抗混叠轮廓波变换,根据变换系数的稀疏性约束实现降噪处理;最后,经过若干次迭代得到理想的红外放大图像.实验表明,对于测试图像,经过迭代处理后峰值信噪比平均提高了0.837 dB;且该算法在视觉质量上明显优于双线性插值算法及基于小波的算法.     

基于 NSCT 域特征和 PCNN 的SAR 图像目标分割

针对 SAR 图像的目标自动分割问题,在分析非下采样轮廓波变换和脉冲耦合神经网络的基础上,提出了一种基于非下采样轮廓波域特征图和 PCNN 的 SAR 图像目标分割算法.对 SAR 图像经过 NSCT 分解后的高、低频图像分别运用不同方式进行处理.对低频图用 PCNN 进行分割以获取目标所在的区域,对高频子带构造了特征图,对特征图利用 PCNN 进行分割以获取目标的精细结构.利用 MSTAR 数据进行了仿真实验,并与基于模糊 C 均值的分割算法、基于马尔可夫随机场的分割算法进行了对比.实验结果表明,所提出算法对 SAR 图像目标的分割结果更为准确,同时较其它算法具有更强的抗噪性能,是一种有效可行的 SAR 目标分割算法.     

脊波变换在眼底图像中的去噪效果评价

针对实际的眼底图像中含有噪声,严重影响对病灶的诊断,根据其先验知识,本文采用四种多尺度几何变换技术对其进行去噪处理,即脊波,加维纳滤波的脊波、小波和轮廓波算法;并给出基于高斯波形提取的LMLSD(局部均值和局部标准差)算法,估算处理后图像的SNR(信噪比),对这四种去噪算法的处理效果进行客观的量化评价.实验结果表明,图像经加维纳滤波的脊波去噪算法处理后,图像最为清晰,SNR提高最为明显,较原始图像提高约5.04倍,客观量化评价结果与主观视觉感受一致.     

基于分割区域的SAR图像配准方法研究

合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,简称SAR)图像受到斑点噪声影响以及成像条件的变化,使得同一场景的两幅SAR图像之间存在很大差异,利用基于边缘特征或灰度信息进行SAR图像配准,难以达到预期效果.基于此,本文提出一种基于分割区域的SAR图像配准方法,该方法首先利用主动轮廓方法对去噪后的SA...     

基于多阈值单水平集方法的医学图像分割

针对Chan-Vese的无边界主动轮廓模型(CV模型)只能区分前景与背景的缺点,提出了一种基于多阈值单水平集的医学图像分割方法,并将此方法应用于微创手术的预处理中.由于医学图像结构复杂,具有器官轮廓多连接等特点,因此使用常规的水平集方法进行分割往往不能取得理想的效果,而该方法采用修改目标泛函的方式引入多类分割,具有多区域分割的特点,只需经过一次单水平集的迭代循环,即可将图像根据灰度不同划分为多个区域,具有精确、快速等优点.对不同的合成图像和医学图像的实验结果表明,该方法实现了快速精确的多区域分割,能很好地提取到医学图像中的骨骼轮廓,分割效果达到了预期水平.     

基于压缩感知的强鲁棒性彩色图像双水印算法

目的为了解决图像的鲁棒性和透明性之间的矛盾,依据压缩感知理论的计算保密性提出一种基于压缩感知的强鲁棒彩色图像双水印算法。方法首先将水印图像RGB分解后,对G,B分量分块压缩感知获得测量值,再对载体图像G,B分量NSCT分解,对低频分量非重叠分块后LU分解、奇异值分解,将每个分块的水印测量值按不同嵌入强度对应嵌入载体奇异值矩阵中,经过一系列逆变换得到含水印图像。最后用含水印图像R分量分块压缩感知测量值生成零水印,发往IPR中心注册保存。结果该算法在水印的嵌入和提取仿真实验结果中峰值信噪比大于40 d B,重建的水印图像与原图像相似度极高,且能抵抗剪切、高斯噪声、椒盐噪声、高斯低通滤波和JPEG压缩等类攻击。结论算法具有很强的鲁棒性和较好的透明性,实现较简单具有切实的可行性。     

Optical image encryption based on compressive sensing and chaos in the fractional Fourier domain

We propose a novel image encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing (CS) and chaos in the fractional Fourier domain. The original image is dimensionality reduction measured using CS. The measured values are then encrypted using chaotic-based double-random-phase encoding technique in the fractional Fourier transform domain. The measurement matrix and the random-phase masks used in the encryption process are formed from pseudo-random sequences generated by the chaotic map. In this proposed algorithm, the final result is compressed and encrypted. The proposed cryptosystem decreases the volume of data to be transmitted and simplifies the keys for distribution simultaneously. Numerical experiments verify the validity and security of the proposed algorithm.     

In vivo estimation of calcium phosphate cements containing chondroitin sulfate in subcutis

Calcium phosphate cements using an equimolar mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (TeDCPD) for the powder phase were experimentally developed for use in endodontic treatment. The fundamental cement is comprised of TeDCPD kneaded with modified McIlvain's buffer solution containing calboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CEM-1). In the liquid phase of the modified one (CEM-2), chondroitin sulfate (CS) was added in place of the salt. The final concentration of CS in CEM-2 is 1%. Another one (CEM-3) contained 2% CS finally in place of the salt. X-ray diffract meter (XRD) was used to examine the crystalline phases of the cements. The tissue compatibility of the cements was examined histologically in the subcutaneous tissue using rats. The XRD results showed no dibasic calcium phosphate phase to be traced in CS containing two cements after 1 day of kneading. There were more multinucleated giant cells appearing around CEM-1 than around CEM-2 or CEM-3 after 4 weeks. Fibroblasts, collagen fibers and small vessels infiltrated into the internal porous structure of CEM-3. Excluding CEM-3, two cements were encapsulated with a dense fibrous connective tissue layer. We conclude that CS, in the experimentally developed cement, contributed to biocompatibility and bioactivity of the cement.     

电纺壳聚糖-聚乳酸复合神经导管的分子作用及其生物活性表征

以三氟乙酸(TFA)、二氯甲烷(DCM)的复合溶液为溶剂,壳聚糖(CS)及聚乳酸(PLA)为溶质制备CS-PLA纺丝液,采用静电纺丝与模板卷取法制备CS-PLA复合神经导管,探究了静电纺CS-PLA复合材料的综合性能.通过表征复合材料的结构与性能,分析了 CS与PLA体系内的分子作用,进一步通过复合神经导管与雪旺细胞的...     

Compositional analysis of glycosaminoglycans by electrospray mass spectrometry

The purpose of this work is to analyze glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) directly from complex mixtures without the need to purify individual components. Novel conditions for negative ion electrospray MS of chondroitin sulfate (CS) oligosaccharides are described in which sodium adduction and fragmentation are avoided. Differentiation between positional sulfation isomers is demonstrated for CS disaccharides, and a selected reaction monitoring scheme is used to quantify sulfation isomers in disaccharides liberated from decorin and biglycan. A size exclusion chromatography LC/MS method is shown to be effective for compositional analysis of longer CS oligosaccharides. The SEC step serves to simplify the composition of GAGs entering the mass spectrometer at any time, thus allowing the masses of the constituent molecules to be extracted. Mass spectrometric detection produces far more information than conventional UV or fluorescent detectors and allows the monosaccharide composition of individual components to be determined.     

Plasmonic/metallic passive waveguides and waveguide components for photonic dense integrated circuits: a feasibility study based on microwave engineering

To investigate the potential for dense integration of photonic components, we analyse passive plasmonic/ metallic waveguides and waveguide components at optical frequencies by using mostly microwave engineering approaches. Four figures of performance are formulated that are utilised to compare the characteristics of four different slab waveguides with zero frequency cut-off modes. Three of these are metallic based whereas the fourth one, which also serves as a reference, is dielectric based with high index-contrast. It is found that all figures of performance cannot be optimised independently; in particular there is a trade-off between the waveguide Q-value and the transversal field confinement. Microwave methods are used to design several photonic transmission line components. The small Q-value of the metallic waveguides is the main disadvantage when using materials and telecom frequencies of today. Hence plasmonic waveguides do not offer full functionality for some important integrated components, being severe for frequency-selective applications. To achieve a dense integration, it is concluded that new materials are needed that offer Q-values several orders of magnitude higher than metals.     

An empirical study on compressed sensing MRI using fast composite splitting algorithm and combined sparsifying transforms

The problem of compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS‐MRI) reconstruction is often formulated as minimizing a linear combination of two terms, including data fidelity and prior regularization. Several prior regularizations can be chosen, including traditional sparsity regularizations such as Total Variance (TV) and wavelet transform, and notably some recently emerging methods such as curvelet and contourlet transforms. Moreover, combinations of multiple different sparsity regularizations are also used in various reconstruction algorithms. Currently, Fast Composite Splitting Algorithm (FCSA) is arguably regarded as one of the most outstanding reconstruction algorithms. This article performs an overall empirical study on using FCSA as the reconstruction algorithm and on different combinations of sparsifying transforms as the regularization terms for CS MRI reconstruction. Experimental results show that (1) the sparsity regularization using the combination of wavelet, curvelet and contourlet yields the best reconstructed image quality but has almost the highest running time in most cases; (2) the combination of wavelet, TV and contourlet can significantly reduce the running time at the cost of slightly compromised reconstruction accuracy; and (3) using contourlet transform solely can also achieve comparable reconstruction accuracy with less running time compared with the combination of TV, wavelet and contourlet. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 302–309, 2015     

Preparation and characterization of polycaprolactone-chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications

Highly porous scaffold plays an important role in bone tissue engineering, which becomes a promising alternative approach for bone repair since its emergence. The objective of this work was to blend poly (є-caprolactone) (PCL) with chitosan (CS) for the purpose of preparation of porous scaffold. A simple unique method was employed under room-temperature condition to blend the two components together without separation of two phases. The reaction leads to formation of sponge-like porous 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% CS composites. XRD, IR and SEM were used to determine components and morphology of the composites. DSC studies indicated that the miscibility of the two components. And pore volume fractures of composites were determined by a simple method in which a pycnometer was used. The results show that CS is successfully commingled into PCL matrix, and adding CS into PCL will not damage the crystalline structure of PCL. The composite shows no signs of phase separation and presents a unique porous structure under SEM observation. The porosity of composite increased with the increase of the content of CS in the composite. The highest porosity reached to 92% when CS content increased to 20 wt%. The mechanism of formation of this unique porous structure is also discussed.     

纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜的制备和性能

目的获得力学性能和阻隔性能优异的食品包装用壳聚糖膜。方法通过超声法由糠醛渣纤维素制备纳米纤维素(NCC),将其与壳聚糖(CS)共混流延制备纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜(NCC-CS)。结果复合膜中NCC质量分数为5%时,NCC-CS的拉伸强度比纯CS膜提高了30%,NCC-CS的透湿量比纯CS膜降低了24%。SEM分析结果表明NCC-CS复合膜微观结构致密。FT-IR和XRD的分析结果表明CS与NCC间存在着较强的相互作用。结论 NCC的加入对CS膜的力学性能和阻隔性能的提高有促进作用。     

表面喷涂壳聚糖溶液对聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜的结构和性能的影响

在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)溶液膜表面喷涂壳聚糖(CS)醋酸溶液,用浸没相转变法制备PVDF多孔膜,研究CS溶液对多孔膜的结构和性能的影响并探讨了成膜机理。结果表明,随着溶液膜表面CS溶液体积的增加PVDF膜的孔隙率提高,膜表面的亲水性大幅度提高,β晶含量降低而α晶的含量提高;喷涂CS溶液前PVDF膜的上表面结构致密,喷涂CS溶液后PVDF膜上表面呈现多孔结构,其断面结构均为指状大孔结构;喷涂CS溶液的体积为2 mL、4 mL和6 mL的PVDF膜,其水通量先增加后降低,分别为683.33 L/m²·h、1121.57 L/m²·h、1171.36 L/m²·h和1029.02 L/m²·h。用不同方法制备的PVDF膜,其结构和性能不同,因为膜上表面的成膜机理不同。