四通道单模光纤旋转连接器的研制

设计了一种基于道威棱镜的光传输特性的四通道单模光纤旋转连接器,采用锥齿轮行星轮结构实现光信号的旋转耦合,并设计了耦合调整方案;分析道威棱镜光轴与旋转轴不重合带来的耦合损耗,确定道威棱镜的装调精度。最终使四通道单模光纤旋转连接器的技术指标达到了国外同类产品水平,且道威棱镜的通光孔径大,可在结构尺寸不变的情况下直接扩展为八通道单模光纤旋转连接器。     

道威棱镜在缩微光学系统中的应用

本文论述了光学棱镜中著名元件———道威棱镜在光路设计中的象差和外形尺寸计算方法。它突破了以往道威棱镜仅限于平行光路中的讨论范围，将其扩展到如缩微光学系统等非平行光路中，并提出了一套完整的计算公式。利用此公式，既可解决平行光路中的设计问题，又可解决非平行光路中的设计问题。这一成果已在笔者完成的缩微品阅读复印机光路设计中得到验证。此文可供有关光学设计及教学工作者参考。     

检验平行度及棱镜角度的干涉法

举例说明了一种检验光学零件的简便方法:平面平行玻璃板的平行度;保罗棱镜(译者注一即普通直角棱镜,国内通称“直角棱镜DⅡ—180”,光轴转角180°,反射次数为2次。)90°角偏差及尖塔差;直角棱镜45°角偏差。用氦氖激光做光源,被测零件本身做为干涉仪。     

测长机光学系统常见故障及解决

分米双刻线像与0.1mm刻线像相对位置移动．分米双刻线像偏高或偏低。(1)如所有分米双刻线像都偏高或偏低，则是由测量头座中平行光管的直角棱镜位置与尾座中平行光管的直角棱镜位置已绕光轴移动造成。此时如分米双刻线像偏离不大．应打开尾座平行光管外罩．松开锁紧螺钉，微调直角棱镜光轴．反复调整，使0.1mm刻线像居于分米双刻线像正确位置再锁紧螺钉。有时还需要调整头座，调整方法与尾座相同。     

平行度测试仪原理及其测量精度分析

平行度测试仪是检测大型光电经纬仪多光轴系统平行度的设备,要求平行度测试仪的精度要达到0.5".方法是利用一块反射镜和两块五棱镜将一束准直光束分光成两束平行光束,大型经纬仪的两个光学系统分别接收这两束平行光,两束平行光所成像的脱靶量差值即为两光学系统的光轴平行度.利用两个精度为0.1"的自准直平行光管和一块平面反射镜检测平行度测试仪精度.经检测标定后平行度测试仪的精度可达到0.5",能够很好的满足检测平行度为2"的光学系统的检测.     

运用ASAP光学软件模拟单轴晶体的锥光干涉

为了模拟不同光轴取向、光束发散角、晶体厚度或入射波长等参数下的单轴晶体锥光干涉,在 ASAP中定义起偏器、晶体、检偏器和接收屏的几何形状和光学特性,产生一组锥状高斯光束并设置其相干性和波动性,进行光线追迹、计算并显示接收屏上的干涉场能量分布。所得模拟结果表明,光轴与晶体表面垂直时,干涉条纹是 1组以光轴为圆心且被十字分割的内疏外密、明暗相间的同心圆环;平行时,是 2组分别以光轴的平行和垂直方向为对称轴的、内疏外密、明暗相间的双曲线;既不垂直也不平行时,条纹特征因光轴取向而异;当增大发散角、晶体厚度或减小波长时,干涉条纹都向内移动且条纹数增多,反之亦然;起、检偏器正交时的干涉条纹都和它们平行时的条纹互补。     

棱镜折射率对光学加速作用的影响分析

针对所设计的棱镜Q开关,首次把棱镜的折射率考虑在内,将折射率对棱镜转镜Q开关光学加速作用的影响进行了详细的推导计算与分析.计算结果表明:考虑折射率影响后,相对于平面镜而言, 棱镜旋转速度会等效减小,说明折射率低的棱镜比折射率高的棱镜具有更明显的光学加速作用,即棱镜折射率对光学加速作用有一定负作用.因此,在选择光学加速装置时,除了要从反射损失小、易于加工等角度考虑外,还需将棱镜折射率因素考虑在内,以期获得最佳光学加速作用.     

焦度计计量性能偏差对配装眼镜质量检测的影响及解决

本文以自动对焦原理的工作用焦度计为例(以下简称"焦度计"),对焦度计计量性能偏差对配装眼镜质量检测的影响展开分析并提出解决方法。一、焦度计的功能和性能要求焦度计是列入《中华人民共和国强制检定的工作计量器具目录》的计量器具,其主要性能有顶焦度示值误差、非线性误差、棱镜度示值误差、轴位标记偏差、透镜光学中心标记偏差、可调挡板与轴位平行度偏差等5项指标,依据JJG580-2005《焦度计检定规程》对其进行强制检定。     

激光垂准仪竖轴与激光光轴同轴度室内测量的可行性分析

对激光垂准仪竖轴与激光光轴同轴度的测量方法进行探讨,针对性地提出一个室内测量方案,该方案的可行性分析结果表明其完全能满足普通型激光垂准仪的校准要求.     

常用计量工程光学讲座(五)用光学组件构成长度计量仪器

本讲是用光学组件望远镜、显微镜、放大镜、棱镜及平面反射镜等构成常用的长度计量测试仪器及应用方法.     

Dove棱镜的加工误差对耦合损耗的影响

平行光束经过有加工误差的Dove棱镜后,在出射面往往会发生角度倾斜和离轴偏差,从而导致利用Dove棱镜制成的光纤旋转连接器的传输耦合损耗增大。对于Dove棱镜的加工误差在耦合损耗方面的影响,本文利用光线追迹的方法对其进行了理论及模拟分析。分析结果显示,由于加工误差带来的耦合损耗随着Dove棱镜的底角误差及其锥体角误差的增加而增大。而后依据理论结果及光纤旋转连接器的需求,设计加工了5块Dove棱镜,测量了其耦合损耗,并对实验测量值进行了修正,进一步验证了理论的正确性。     

Dove prisms and polarized light

Abstract

A Dove prism inverts the transmitted image and, when rotated, rotates the image at twice the rotation frequency of the prism. However, although the image is rotated, for a wide range of design parameters the polarization state of the transmitted light is not rotated. This has important implications when using Dove prisms within laser cavities, interferometers and other optical experiments.     

高精度抛物面镜光轴偏角分析仪

针对大数值孔径旋转抛物面反射镜对倾斜入射光线较大的散焦和离焦问题,本文设计一种用于大数值孔径旋转抛物面反射镜光轴偏角测量的系统,用于对大数值孔径旋转抛物面反射镜光轴与结构轴的校准.该方法根据旋转抛物面反射镜成像原理,采用CCD 作为成像器件,分析轴偏所带来的光斑偏移量.实验结果表明,系统达到偏角角度分辨率0.06 ′,最大可测角度3.65 ′,该参数可以满足抛物面反射镜用作接收光学系统的应用.     

Image inversion and magnification by negative index prisms

A Dove prism and an anamorphic prism pair are investigated in negative index imaging systems. An equilateral triangular prism with refractive index of -1 operates as a negative index Dove prism that inverts as well as images the incident field. A negative index anamorphic prism pair acts as a negative index imaging system with magnification. The relationship between achievable magnification and aberrations is discussed. Both prism systems can be implemented by using negative index photonic crystals, and their performance is demonstrated numerically by the finite-difference time-domain method. These negative index prism structures enhance the functionalities of negative index flat lenses and broaden the applications of negative index materials.     

嵌入式机器视觉光轴与物面垂直度调节新方法

为了提高二维视觉测量的精度,本文提出了一种嵌入式机器视觉光轴与物面垂直度调节的新方法(面积法).该方法将立体成像原理与数字图像处理结合,采用Harris算子与空间矩结合提取特征点亚像素坐标,利用海伦公式计算特定区域的面积,再根据相机镜头与被测物相对倾斜时特定区域的面积变化规律,准确的判断光轴与物面垂直度.实验证明,该方法操作简单,稳定性好,实用性强,能够很好的提高二维视觉测量的精度.该方法已应用在嵌入式机器视觉工业现场.     

Dove prism with increased throughput for implementation in a rotational-shearing interferometer

An analytical expression is derived for the tilt introduced into a wave front by a Dove prism with manufacturing errors in the prism's base angles and pyramidal angle. We found that the tilt decreases when the base angles are increased above the values of traditional design. The increase in the length-aperture ratio of a prism is detrimental to the prism's performance. However, a Dove prism with a widened aperture increases throughput and maintains a manageable prism weight for implementation in a rotational shearing interferometer. Thus we propose a Dove prism designed with a widened aperture to increase throughput in a rotational shearing interferometer and with larger base angles to minimize the wave-front tilt introduced by manufacturing errors. Experimental results implemented in a rotational shearing interferometer demonstrate the feasibility of this design.     

Jones matrix for image-rotation prisms

The polarization-transforming properties of rotational prisms are analyzed with polarized light by using the Jones calculus and the exact ray-trace. A general expression of the Jones matrix for a rotational prism is derived, incorporating an explicit dependence on the image-rotation angle or the wave-front-rotation angle. The Jones matrix for the Pechan, Dove, Reversion, and Delta prisms is derived where the explicit dependence on the angle of rotation of the image is given. An experiment with a rotating Dove prism is also conducted to determine the output states of polarization for incident linearly polarized light. Experimental results agree with theoretical expectations.     

Michelson interferometer for precision angle measurement

An angle-measuring technique based on an optical interferometer is reported. The technique exploits a Michelson interferometric configuration in which a right-angle prism and a glass strip are introduced into a probe beam. Simultaneous rotation of both components along an axis results in an optical path difference between the reference and the probe beams. In a second arrangement two right-angle prisms and glass strips are introduced into two beams of a Michelson interferometer. The prisms and the strips are rotated simultaneously to introduce an optical path difference between the two beams. In our arrangement, optimization of various parameters makes the net optical path difference between the two beams approximately linear for a rotation as great as +/-20 degrees . Results are simulated that show an improvement of 2-3 orders of magnitude in error and nonlinearity compared with a previously reported technique.     

点光源消失法检测航空有机玻璃光学畸变实验方法研究

按点光源消失法目前规定的操作方法检测航空有机玻璃光学畸变消失角时,离板材中轴线较远位置处的光学畸变在靠近幕布与远离幕布两位置所测的数据相差较大,影响到产品合格与否的判定。此现象的形成与缺陷距板材中轴线的距离和缺陷的截面形状等因素有关。解决问题的方法:在现有的检测置物架上加装可水平滑动的装置,检测时水平移动板材使所测光学畸变移至置物架旋转轴附近再旋转板材,分别读取各位置消失角数据后,取最大值。