LMDS宽带无线接入

LMDS系统在网络侧一般通过ATM或E1链路与骨干网相连，空中接口大多数采用基于ATM的信元结构进行无线传输；在用户端提供丰富的业务接口用于各类电信终端用户的接入，接口类型包括：POTS、ISDN业务；E1、部分E1、帧中继等租用线业务；10/100BaseT、ATM等突发数据业务，并可以增加其他网络设备，如VoIP网关提供分组电话业务等。鉴于LMDS丰富的业务类型，广泛应用于中小企业、宾馆酒店、高档写字楼、网络服务场所以及SOHO的综合业务接入；另外，对移动通信运营商而言，LMDS还可以用来实现移动基站与基站控制器的互联。与有线…     

控制接入ATM网的突发话音

ＡＴＭ网在同一条连接上能支持多媒体业务,各种媒体的速率、突发度参数和它们之间的相位关系都不同。要保证各种业务的服务质量（ＱＯＳ）,需要引入流量控制算法。本文介绍用于用户网络接口（ＵＮＩ）上的流量控制算法。     

A multiple access scheme for multimedia traffic in wireless ATM

This paper proposes a multiple access scheme for the forthcoming wireless ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) system. Such ATM compatible wireless systems are motivated by the rapidly increasing demand for wireless extensions to broadband networks, which are expected to support mixed broadband services including Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (VBR), and Available Bit Rate (ABR) traffic. Since these different traffics have very different performance requirements, the multiple access scheme design is very challenging. In this paper, we propose a multiple access scheme called Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access with Piggybacked Reservation (DTDMA/PR), attempting to achieve higher statistical multiplexing efficiency in the mixed VBR/CBR/ABR traffic scenario. The basic idea is to exploit two levels of reservation. The first level deals with the isochronous nature of CBR and VBR traffic and the bursty nature of ABR traffic by using the ALOHA reservation procedure. The second level exploits the piggybacked reservation approach to cope with the dynamic feature of VBR traffic in order to increase the multiplexing efficiency. An analytical model is also developed in this paper and verified by simulation. Numerical examples are given to gain some insight into the protocol itself.     

Performance analysis of cache strategy for signaling traffic management in a wireless ATM network

In a wireless ATM network for mobile multimedia services, conventional signaling protocols generate heavy traffic because the signaling load must be handled in a HLR (Home Location Register). This centralized structure of the wireless ATM network causes critical connection setup delays. Thus, distributed processing based on a reduction of the connection setup delays is needed in wireless ATM networks. A cache strategy for call delivery with cache updates of registration based on ATM multicasting is introduced with a comparison of the cost of cache scheme with the cost of a conventional scheme. Results show that the cache scheme has better performance than conventional methods when portable mobility is low with large traffic density. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparative analysis of wireless ATM channel access protocols supporting multimedia traffic

Extension of multimedia services and applications offered by ATM networks to wireless and mobile users has captured a lot of recent research attention. Research prototyping of wireless ATM networks is currently underway at many leading research and academic institutions. Various architectures have been proposed depending on the intended application domain. Successful implementation of wireless connectivity to ATM services is significantly dependent on the medium access control (MAC) protocol, which has to provide support for multimedia traffic and for qualityofservice (QoS) guarantees. The objective of this paper is to investigate the comparative performance of a set of access protocols, proposed earlier in the literature, with more realistic source traffic models. Data traffic is modeled with selfsimilar (fractal) behavior. Voice traffic is modeled by a slow speech activity detector (SAD). Video traffic is modeled as a H.261 video teleconference, where the number of ATM cells per video frame is described by a gamma distribution and a firstorder discrete autoregressive process model. A comparison of the protocols based on simulation data is presented. The goal of the paper is to identify appropriate techniques for effectively and efficiently supporting multimedia traffic and QoS. Simulation results show that boundaries between different types of services are necessary for multimedia traffic. Reservation for certain traffic type especially video can significantly improve its quality. Reducing the number of collisions is an important issue for wireless networks since contentions lead not only to potentially high delay but also result in high power consumption.     

A resource management strategy for multimedia adaptive-rate traffic in a wireless network with TDMA access

One of the challenges today for wireless network operators is to find techniques which will make it possible to introduce multimedia capabilities into mobile communications. The application of a wireless network structure made up of pico-cells to solve this problem will cause an increase in the handover rate. Therefore, a major requirement in a wireless environment is to design an effective call admission control (CAC) strategy to minimize the handover drop probability. Another important requirement is to maximize network utilization in terms of the mean number of channels used. The goal of this paper is to define a resource management strategy for heterogeneous adaptive-rate traffic. The proposed strategy is actually a combination of two: a CAC management strategy and a bandwidth management one. The CAC management strategy extends the Guard Channel strategy to obtain priority-based CAC management for adaptive-rate sources; the bandwidth management strategy allows channels to be assigned proportionally to the throughput window declared by users. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed CAC strategy, two Markov models of the system are introduced: one, from the network point of view, to evaluate global system performance, and another, from the user point of view, to evaluate the performance each user is provided with by the network. Numerical examples conclude the paper to analyze which factors most affect performance when the source rate is adaptive and the proposed admission strategy is applied.     

A control and management network for wireless ATM systems

This paper describes the design of a control and management network (orderwire) for a mobile wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. This mobile wireless ATM network is part of the Rapidly Deployable Radio Network (RDRN). The orderwire system consists of a packet radio network which overlays the mobile wireless ATM network. Each network element in this network uses Global Positioning System (GPS) information to control a beamforming antenna subsystem which provides for spatial reuse. This paper also proposes a novel Virtual Network Configuration (VNC) algorithm for predictive network configuration. A mobile ATM Private Network–Network Interface (PNNI) based on VNC is also discussed. Finally, as a prelude to the system implementation, results of a Maisie simulation of the orderwire system are discussed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evolutionary architecture for an all-services ATM access network

This paper presents a flexible concept for a broadband subscriber access network which minimizes investment costs by predominantly using the existing network infrastructure. The target network may consist of either a coaxial tree-and-branch structure or symmetrical copper pairs to the subscriber, and is connected to the central head station with the aid of optical feeder lines which can be implemented or enhanced by a passive optical network (PON). In the event of an increase in bit rate requirements, the coaxial network can be expanded by dividing it into smaller, optically fed subnetworks or by supplementing it with optical overlay systems. Flexibility, expandability and low costs are achieved through the standard ATM format implemented for the signals of all interactive services down to the network termination units on the subscriber side. Those signals are transmitted in the coaxial network in frequency bands above the CATV band in accordance with a multiple of the CATV channel width to ensure that the modulation and demodulation is implemented in a cost-efficient manner while providing ‘bit rate on demand’ for a suitably high number of subscribers. Separation of the network termination unit from the customer premises equipment enables a flexible, cost-efficient subscriber configuration to be selected, existing domestic wiring to be used and several completely different subscriber terminals to be simultaneously connected.     

Connection management for an ATM network

The facilities required to control and manage multiservice applications in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are discussed. An overview of the hardware aspects of ATM networks is presented. Requirements and architectural models for multiservice applications and an architecture for connection management are described. The requirements at each layer of the connection management architecture are discussed, and the services and protocols are outlined     

Policing of realistic VBR video traffic in an ATM network

ATM has been accepted by CCITT as the transport mechanism for the future BISDN and will also be widely used in future customer premises networks. Networks based on the ATM principle are expected to provide a very flexible communications infrastructure allowing customers to make effective use of a wide variety of offered services. To provide this flexibility with an acceptable quality of service while operating the network in an economic way, elaborate traffic management functions will be necessary to control the traffic flows within the network. This paper will study one of these functions—the so-called ‘usage parameter control’ or ‘policing’ function—in some detail to illustrate some of the problems that arise and point out possible solutions. The mechanisms chosen to implement the policing function will be the ‘leaky bucket’ mechanism, the ‘jumping window’ mechanism and the ‘moving window’ mechanism. The input streams used to assess the mechanisms represent different types of video communication—videophone, video conference and entertainment video—coded according to different variable bit-rate (VBR) algorithms. In contrast to most of the previous studies, where artificial, statistical traffic sources have been used, the sources used in this paper are directly based on measured ‘real-life’ video data. This ensures that all the statistical properties of the actual traffic stream are preserved and allows identification of the different factors that influence the dimensioning and the performance of the policing mechanism. The results of this study show that the uncertainty about the key parameters at call set-up and the considerable impact of single scenes make the proper dimensioning of policing mechanisms difficult. Furthermore, it seems not to be practical to use the long term mean bit-rate as the key traffic control parameter for these sources. Results indicating that the long-term cell loss ratio is not a sufficient measure for the quality of service are also presented. A comparison of the mechanisms shows that from a performance perspective, the ‘leaky bucket’ mechanism is superior to the two window mechanisms. This work is relevant to evolving standards for both BISDN traffic management and variable bit-rate video coding.     

Wideband local access: wireless LAN and wireless ATM

An overview of the status of wideband wireless local access technologies is provided. Service scenarios and availability of the market and products for wireless LAN and wireless ATM technologies are discussed. Similarities among IEEE 802.11 and HIPERLAN standards for wireless LANs and the developing prototypes for wireless ATM are evaluated. An update on the status of the available unlicensed bands in the United States as well as the status of the wideband wireless projects in the European Community and Japan are presented     

LMDS无线接入网中的ATM业务管理

本文中,我们主要研究了LMDS在本地环路上支持ATM业务的能力,特别是当LMDS系统在使用ATM的VBR和GFR业务类型传输语音和IP业务时,我们特别对它的MAC协议的性能进行了评估。我们的研究结果表明,MAC协议非常适合话音业务,但通常缺乏有效的带宽管理机制来支持IP业务的更多的动态带宽需求。     

无线网络资源管理中接入控制对策研究

随着现代经济和社会的快速发展,信息技术得到普遍的应用。在信息技术的大力支持下,无线网络技术也迅速发展起来。无线网络资源的合理化利用给世界各国带来了极大的经济效益,而且加深了各国之间的联系,使世界成为一个日益密切的共同体。但是,无线网络技术在给人们带来便利的同时,也带来了相应的问题。尤其是网络信号差、网络连接不畅通等问题极大地影响到了人们的经济和社会生活。为了解决这些问题,实现对无线网络资源的合理有效控制,采取控制对策就显得十分必要。为了强化对无线网络资源的管理,文章对将控制对策应用到无线网络资源管理中进行了一系列的探讨。     

Distributed channel access on wireless ATM links

The availability of a large amount of unlicensed spectrum, an approach to dealing with performance issues, and emerging protocol standards for wireless asynchronous transfer mode make it worthwhile to take a closer look at distributed channel access techniques. Given the framework of spectrum characteristics and the need to support multiple devices and services, criteria for evaluating new distributed channel access techniques are described     

Guaranteed quality-of-service wireless access to ATM networks

We study the problem of wireless access to asynchronous transfer modes (ATMs). We consider three classes of ATM sources: constant bit rate (CBR), variable bit rate (VBR), and available bit rate (ABR). We propose a polling scheme with nonpreemptive priority. Under such a scheme, we derive sufficient conditions such that all the CBR sources satisfy their jitter constraints and all the VBR sources satisfy their delay constraints. The remaining bandwidth is used by the ABR sources, for which we adapt a random access scheme proposed by Chen and Lee (1994). For this random access scheme, we derive the throughput-offer load characteristic, and thus the capacity. Based on this, we propose adaptive random access schemes that track the offer load to its optimal value. Our simulations show that our adaptive schemes maintain a high throughput with respect to the whole range of system load     

Signaling alternatives in a wireless ATM network

The world of wireless telecommunications is rapidly changing. The capabilities of wireless networks are improving at a steady pace. This paper presents two possible protocols for implementing mobility for wireless users in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. The vision of the authors is of one “wireless ATM telecommunications network” that is capable of supporting a variety of today's applications with room to grow for advanced applications of the future. We first visit database architectures that can support mobility in a wireless ATM network. We then discuss one of two signaling architecture alternatives, the “overlay signaling”, for overlay support of mobile users in the ATM-based wireless telecommunications network. “Overlay signaling” aims at minimizing the modification needed to the existing ATM protocols. We then describe a native “migratory signaling” approach that further integrates wireless and wireline users into one global wireless ATM network at the expense of requiring some modifications to the existing ATM protocols. A performance analysis of the proposed signaling architecture alternatives is also presented. We conclude by pointing out some challenges in merging ATM with wireless telecommunications     

一种无线ATM网络的MAC协议

主要研究了无线ATM网络对MAC的需求，并介绍了适用于无线ATM的一种新的MAC方案。该协议支持不同类型信息传输，比如恒定比特率（CBR），可变比特率（VBR），可用比特率（ABR），未指定比特率（UBR）。另外此协议还提供了对宽带ATM主干网的无缝连接。同时也支持与ATM相关的QoS级别。对于该协议关注的各种情况的主要原理进行了讨论。     

A proposal of an ATM wireless access system for tetherless multimedia services

This paper proposes an ATM wireless access system for tetherless multimedia services. The proposed system is intended to provide ATM-based high-speed transmission capability for tetherless multimedia services by wireless media in private LAN/WAN environments as well as public environments. To enable high-speed transmission, this paper proposes the utilization of the SHF band taking advantage of its wide frequency spectrum availability. However, the propagation feature of the SHF band limits the wireless terminal mobility in the proposed system compared with current cellular phone systems. This paper discusses the concept and system architecture of the proposed ATM wireless access system, including its ATM transport based on ATM/TDMA conversion using a time stamp scheme.     

无线ATM接入技术在军事通信中的应用

无线ATM技术由于吞吐量大、支持综合业务等一系列优点,在军事通信领域得到了广泛的应用,目前的发展方向是把ATM应用于军用移动通信,在战场上实现运动中的语音、数据、多媒体等业务的实时传输.本论文利用现有成熟的无线ATM接入技术和蜂窝移动网技术,结合现代高技术信息作战对军事通信的要求,研究宽带无线接入在军事通信网中的应用.     

Signaling stack design for wireless ATM access networks

One of the challenges in designing a wireless ATM network is to specify control functions capable of managing data and signaling connections of moving mobile terminals. The challenge is tough, due to the facts that such control functions neither exist in the current state-of-the-art wireless networks nor are included in the existing ATM specifications and implementations. This article describes the design principles of a wireless ATM signaling stack created in the WAND project. The article identifies some common problems and presents possible solutions to the problems. To justify the feasibility of the ideas presented, some details of a reference implementation, the Wireless ATM Network Demonstrator (WAND) signaling stack, are revealed