自相似业务流复用特性分析

现有研究将复用的自相似业务流Hurst参数值确定为各个业务流中最大的H参数值，与业务流的其他性质无关，这一结论用于网络设备的设计不利于网络资源的有效利用。本文采用简单近似估算，并用分形布朗运动模型生成自相似业务流，彩用小波分析方法估计Hurst参数值。实验结果表明，由于复用合成业务流的渐近自相似的本质，在可以观测的时间尺度范围内业务流的Hurst参数比这理论预测值小；在一定的序列长度下，复用流的Hurst参数的不仅和最大Hurst参数业务流有关，还受到其它业务流，特别是业务流的方差系数所表现出的短时突发性影响，因此对合成业务流的自相似参数具有重要的影响。     

基于FBM模型的自相似流量建模仿真

网络流量建模是网络规划与性能评价的重要基础,传统的业务模型大多基于泊松模型和马尔可夫排队模型,只具有短程相关性,随着网络业务的不断研究发现,实际网络业务流在很长的时间范围内都具有长程相关性,即一种自相似性。本文采用RMD算法和Fourier变换法对网络流量的自相似模型-FBM模型进行了建模及仿真研究,生成了所需的自相似流量序列。然后分别采用R/S法和方差时间图法对其进行自相似参数检测。结果验证了仿真算法所产生的序列存在着自相似性,并同时对RMD算法和Fourier变换法的优缺点进行了分析。     

基于ON/OFF源模型的OBS汇聚算法研究

近年来,大量研究表明,网络业务流量呈现长相关、自相似的特性,采用ON/OFF源模型生成自相似流能够比较真实地反映现实网络中的业务流量。光突发包的汇聚算法是光突发交换的关键技术之一,利用ON/OFF模型生成的自相似流对几种典型的OBS汇聚算法进行研究。仿真表明,不同算法对自相似的影响不同。     

Characteristics of WAP Traffic

This paper considers the characteristics of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) traffic. We start by constructing a WAP traffic model by analysing the behaviour of users accessing public WAP sites via a monitoring system. A wide range of different traffic scenarios were considered, but most of these scenarios resolve to one of two basic types. The paper then uses this traffic model to consider the effects of large quantities of WAP traffic on the core network. One traffic characteristic which is of particular interest in network dimensioning is the degree of self-similarity, so the paper looks at the characteristics of aggregated traffic with WAP, Web and packet speech components to estimate its self-similarity. The results indicate that, while WAP traffic alone does not exhibit a significant degree of self-similarity, a combined load from various traffic sources retains almost the same degree of self-similarity as the most self-similar individual source.     

Some results on the self-similarity property in communication networks

Due to the strong experimental evidence that packet network traffic is self-similar in nature, it is important to study the problems to see whether the superposition of self-similar processes retains the property of self-similarity, and whether the service of a server changes the self-similarity property of the input traffic. In this letter, we first discuss some definitions and superposition properties of self-similar processes. We obtain some good results about the property of merging self-similar data streams. Then we present a model of a single server with infinite buffer and prove that when the queue length has finite second-order moment, the input process, being strong asymptotically second-order self-similar (sas-s), is equivalent to the output process which also bears the sas-s property.     

自相似网络通信量模型研究综述

越来越多的研究表明网络通信量不是Markov过程,而是在任意时间尺度上都具有突发特性,即自相似特性。描述网络通信量的数学模型主要有自相似和长相关结构。网络的某些参数服从重尾分布,从而导致网络通信量时间尺度上的突发特性。该文分析了传统网络通信量模型和性能分析的弊端,描述了新型网络通信量模型应该具有的基本特征。本文重点研究了网络自相似通信量相关的ON/OFF模型、用户访问概率模型和网络流量闭环模型,讨论了相关的研究方向,并总结了在研究网络通信量模型的过程中应该注意的原则和问题。     

网络业务流的自相似性

对通信网络的大量研究表明,网络业务本质是自相似的(相关函数上表现为长相关特性)。网络业务的统计自相似性主要是指在不同时间尺度上观测到的业务流量序列具有相同的统计特性。讨论了当前网络业务流的特性;分析了现有的自相似业务流模型。为在线测量网络中的高速业务流,根据实测时间序列数据建立合适模型提供了参考。     

自相似业务流建模及其合成性能分析

基于通信网络仿真软件平台OPNET中的RPG模型，本文实现了一个通用的、与协议无关的自相似业务流发生模型，并通过仿真实验和小波分析的方法验证了该模型的正确性和可用性。在此模型的基础上，着重对自相似业务流合成过程的性能和行为特性进行了大量的实验和分析。研究结果表明，自相似业务流的合成过程仍具有自相似性，而且合成流的自相似参数接近于各独立输入业务流中所具有的最大自相似参数。     

Study of the Effect of the Wireless Gateway on Incoming Self-Similar Traffic

It has been well established by now that high-speed wireline traffic exhibits self-similar behavior. Due to the important consequences of traffic self-similarity in network design, several studies have assumed that wireless traffic is also self-similar and looked at its effects on network performance. However, due to factors such as power limitations and the wireless channel, it is not straightforward that wireline traffic will remain self-similar as it enters the wireless network. This paper provides an analytical study of the propagation of traffic characteristics as wireline traffic is passed to the wireless network through a gateway. The analysis takes into account buffering and repacking operations performed at the gateway, and models for wireline traffic and the wireless channel. We consider two server models, an instant transfer model, and an energy-conserving one. We show that in most cases, in response to self-similar wireline traffic the gateway will produce self-similar wireless traffic. However, when the gateway operates under an energy-conserving mode and if it has a large buffer, wireline traffic such as non-real-time variable-bit-rate traffic will result in non-self-similar wireless traffic. We also study the delays of packets passing through a gateway that is fed by self-similar traffic and show that their survival function has an asymptotically power-law tail with index smaller than 2.     

数据业务自相似特性研究

合适的业务源模型能够在建立理论分析模型或进行系统性能仿真时,使网络系统性能评价更加准确。自相似特性是数据业务的重要特征。本文分析了自相似业务源的建模现状,深入讨论了如何将自相似模型应用于GPRS业务源建模。通过时间序列自相似特性分析工具SELFIS,对中国移动GPRS网络中从一个网关支持节点GGSN处采集的在单位时间内收到的字节数进行分析,得出GPRS数据业务具有较强自相似性的结论。     

On self-similar traffic in ATM queues: definitions, overflowprobability bound, and cell delay distribution

Recent traffic measurements in corporate local-area networks (LANs), variable-bit-rate video sources, ISDN control-channels, and other communication systems, have indicated traffic behaviour of self-similar nature. This paper first discusses some definitions and properties of (second-order) self-similarity and gives simpler criteria for it. It then gives a model of self-similar traffic suitable for queuing system analysis of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) queue. A lower bound to the overflow probability of a finite ATM buffer is obtained, as also a lower bound to the cell loss probability. Finally, the stationary distribution of the cell delay in an infinite ATM buffer is obtained     

面向大规模网络的聚集TCP流量模拟方法研究

为平衡大规模网络骨干网上TCP流量模拟的准确性和复杂度,提出模拟接入网出口处的TCP聚集流量,而不从单台主机或会话的层面进行流量模拟。从网络流量的自相似性出发,提出基于应用层和网络传输层自相似的TCP聚集流量模型:在应用层通过聚集多个服从Pareto分布的ON/OFF源模拟生成自相似流量,在网络传输层根据TCP机制实现对应用层流量的聚集传输控制。模拟结果显示,在流量负载比例、流量自相似性以及骨干节点丢包率等方面,模拟结果与采集自某互联网交换中心的实际数据吻合良好,表明了该模型的有效性。     

自相似模型下的交换式网络仿真

传统模式下的网络仿真,报文到达均服从的是一种具有短相关特性的泊松分布。而经过大量业务流量监测表明,网络流量实际呈现出的确是一种具有长相关特性的自相似分布,这种特性对网络流量建模、性能分析、接纳控制等产生了重要影响。在对自相似特性深入分析的基础上,利用分型布朗运动模型的RMD算法产生自相似序列来模拟网络业务,并对该业务流特性下的交换式以太网进行了仿真实验。结果表明业务量的自相似性对交换式网络的各项性能影响很大,这与传统流量模型形成鲜明对比。     

Book reviews: a summary of multifractal traffic modeling

One of the most important discoveries about Internet traffic is the scaling phenomenon. Different from the traditional traffic pattern, primarily the Poisson model, this type of traffic shows a slowly decaying dependence structure and can be approximately characterized by a self-similar process. Multiscale behavior is a more complex version of self-similarity, indicating that the scaling property of the traffic process isn't uniform across multiple time scales and orders of statistics. It's often modeled with the multifractal process. "Multifractal Based Network Traffic Modeling" provides an accessible but somewhat narrow summary of the research on self-similar and multiscale traffic.     

自相似业务模型下的队列分析--大偏差技术

近年来对许多实际运行中的网络（局域网和广域网）的测量与分析证实：真实的网络业务具有统计上的自相似性而且是长相关的。传统的排队理论均假定业务是Poisson或Markovian,因此是短相关的,那里的队列分析方法对自相似业务模型是不适用的。大偏差技术是对自相似业务模型进行队列分析的有效方法。本文应用大偏差技术对以FARIMA为业务模型的队列系统进行了分析,结果证明：队列长度尾分布渐进为Weibullian分布,而且与模型的短相关结构无关。     

WiMax网络中自相似呼叫接纳控制算法研究

针对WiMAX网络业务流的自相似特性,提出用M/Pareto模型来对网络业务流进行建模,通过M/Pareto模型和FBM业务流模型之间统计性质得到2个模型间的参数映射关系,推导出基于M/Pareto模型参数的有效带宽计算公式,据此设计出一个自相似接纳控制算法(SS-CAC)。该算法避免了通过测量的方法来获取FBM业务流模型中参数值,又适应了WiMAX网络流自相似这一特性,使得计算的有效带宽更加精确和方便,提高了系统资源利用率。仿真结果表明,该算法极大地提高网络的带宽利用率,降低了系统的呼叫阻塞率。     

自相似业务量的流量控制研究

由于自相似性是宽带网络中业务量的一个普遍特性,因此在进行宽带网络管理和流量控制时必须考虑它所带来的影响。目前,有关基于自相似业务量的流控机制的研究已经引起了人们广泛地注意。一些研究表明自相似业务量表现出了与传统模型不同的排队特征。本文围绕业务质量保证和流量控制机制,具体研究和分析了业务量的自相似性质对业务量成形、用法参数控制和呼叫接纳控制等流量控制机制的影响,并得到了一些重要结论。     

Self-similar traffic and network dynamics

One of the most significant findings of traffic measurement studies over the last decade has been the observed self-similarity in packet network traffic. Subsequent research has focused on the origins of this self-similarity, and the network engineering significance of this phenomenon. This paper reviews what is currently known about network traffic self-similarity and its significance. We then consider a matter of current research, namely, the manner in which network dynamics (specifically, the dynamics of transmission control protocol (TCP), the predominant transport protocol used in today's Internet) can affect the observed self-similarity. To this end, we first discuss some of the pitfalls associated with applying traditional performance evaluation techniques to highly-interacting, large-scale networks such as the Internet. We then present one promising approach based on chaotic maps to capture and model the dynamics of TCP-type feedback control in such networks. Not only can appropriately chosen chaotic map models capture a range of realistic source characteristics, but by coupling these to network state equations, one can study the effects of network dynamics on the observed scaling behavior We consider several aspects of TCP feedback, and illustrate by examples that while TCP-type feedback can modify the self-similar scaling behavior of network traffic, it neither generates it nor eliminates it