Experimental study of centrifugal compressor vaneless diffuser width

Seven different vaneless diffuser designs for a centrifugal compressor, varying only in diffuser width, were studied experimentally. The studied diffuser widths versus impeller exit width were 1.0, 0.903, 0.854, and 0.806. Three of the narrowed diffusers had the width reduced from the hub and shroud divided evenly, and the three others had the width reduced only from the shroud. The total and static pressures, the total temperature and the flow angles at the diffuser inlet and outlet were measured at the design rotational speed with three different mass flows. The impeller and diffuser performance was studied along with the axial distributions of flow angles and velocities in the diffuser. The results revealed that the pinch improved the compressor stage and impeller performance but deteriorated the diffuser performance. The pinch clearly decreased the secondary flow region present near the shroud. The pinch implemented in the shroud is more beneficial than pinch divided between the hub and the shroud. In order to obtain the beneficial effects of pinch, the pinch should be sufficient. However, excessive pinch deteriorates the compressor performance.     

应用滑移网格技术分析多级离心泵的三维瞬态流动

运用滑移网格技术、三维非稳态Navier-Stokes方程和标准的k-e湍流模型对工业中常用的D型多级节段式离心泵进行了全三维瞬态流场的数值模拟,分析泵内叶轮与导叶间的动静干扰问题.滑移网格设置在多级离心泵叶轮出口与固定导叶入口之间的交互界面,对每个时间步求解流动方程.对任一个叶轮旋转周期内,分析叶轮径向力、静压等参数出现脉动信号频率与动、静叶片数的关系;分析静、动叶片间静压值沿周向的变化规律.该三维非稳态模拟结果可为多级离心泵的水力优化设计提供依据.     

S形下卧式轴伸贯流泵装置叶片区压力脉动特性研究

为研究S形下卧式轴伸贯流泵装置叶片区压力脉动特性,采用非定常CFD方法对不同工况时泵装置进行了全流道三维非定常流场数值计算,通过在叶片区设置监测点以获得叶片区关键位置的压力脉动数据,并进行频谱分析。通过与实测泵装置扬程和效率对比,证明该方法能较准确地反映泵装置内部非定常流动特征。研究表明:高效工况和大流量工况时,转轮进口和出口的脉动幅值从轮缘向轮毂侧逐渐减小,小流量工况时未呈现该规律,各工况时转轮进口和出口脉动主频受叶频控制。流量系数KQ在(0.368~0.552)范围内转轮进口处同一监测点的压力脉动幅值随流量增大而降低,转轮与导叶体间的脉动幅值随流量的增加先减小后增大,在高效工况附近脉动相对最小。导叶体出口的压力脉动主频受叶频的影响较小,未与导叶体叶片数成规律。     

Influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow pump

Rotor-stator interaction in axial pumps can produce pressure fluctuations and further vibrations even damage to the pump system in some extreme case. In this paper, the influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow water pump has been investigated by numerical method. Three-dimensional unsteady flow in the axial flow water pump has been simulated with different tip clearances between the impeller blade tip and the casing wall. In addition to monitoring pressure fluctuations at some typical points, a new method based on pressure statistics was proposed to determine pressure fluctuations at all grid nodes inside the whole pump. The comparison shows that the existence of impeller tip clearance magnifies the pressure fluctuations in the impeller region, from the hub to shroud. However, the effect on pressure fluctuation in the diffuser region is not evident. Furthermore, the tip clearance vortex has also been examined under different tip clearances.     

轴伸式贯流泵装置全流场三维湍流数值模拟

为探讨轴伸式贯流泵装置双向运行时的内部流动结构并进行性能预测,应用三维湍流Navier-Stokes、Realizable 两方程湍流模型、壁面函数法和滑移网格技术,进行泵装置双向运行时的全流场三维湍流数值模拟研究。计算所采用的模型贯流泵具有特定的S形叶片及正向运行时的后置弯曲导叶。研究结果揭示了贯流泵装置正、反向运行时的全流道速度等值线、静压等值线、出水流道断面矢量及出水流道的流线形状特征,探讨在泵装置实际安装条件下泵与流道的相互影响,进行泵装置性能的数值模拟预测,并与试验结果进行比较分析。数值模拟结果表明,泵段的出口流态及导叶对流道的流动结构有很大的影响,扩散形流道对流道进口流态反映敏感,无导叶的直形泵装置出口扩散流道内的流动为轴向旋涡、环形旋涡、轴向流动的叠加,数值模拟计算预测泵装置性能的方法是有效、可行的,能够满足工程需要。     

Exit flow measurements of a centrifugal pump impeller

Discharge flows from a centrifugal pump impeller with a specific speed of 150 [rpm, m³/min, m] were experimentally investigated. A large axisymmetric collector instead of a volute casing was installed to obtain circumferentially uniform flow, i.e. without interaction of the impeller and the volute. The unsteady flow was measured at the impeller exit and vaneless diffuser using a hot film probe and a pressure transducer. The flow at impeller exit showed pronounced jet-wake flow patterns. The wake, which was on the suction/hub side at high flow rate, became enlarged pitchwisely on both the hub and the shroud side as the flow rate decreases. The pitchwise non-uniformity of the flow rapidly decreased along the downstream and the nonuniformity almost disappeared at radius ratio of 1.18 for medium flow rate. The mean vaneless diffuser flow was reasonably predicted using a one dimensional analysis when an empirical constant was used to specify the skin friction coefficient. The data can be used for a centrifugal pump impeller design and validation of CFD codes and flow modeling.     

基于熵产的侧流道泵流动损失特性研究

侧流道泵是一种介于容积式泵和离心泵之间的径向式叶片泵。泵内流体以螺旋轨迹方式在叶轮和侧流道中反复运动,整个运动是一种典型的全三维、高湍流强度、空间非对称的湍流流动,因此不可避免地产生较大的流动损失。利用热力学第二定律,基于熵产的流动损失分析方法对一种单级侧流道泵模型湍流流动损失进行研究,主要通过理论和数值计算求解湍流流动过程中增加的熵产,定性分析侧流道泵流动损失出现的位置及分布特点。结果表明,侧流道泵内部流动损失主要与湍流流动增加的熵产有关,而热量交换产生的熵产相对较小,在侧流道泵的损失研究中可以忽略;叶轮流道和侧流道内的湍动耗散率均远远大于直接耗散率;叶轮流道内的损失主要出现在叶轮内缘至0.4 r处,在侧流道内,流动损失主要出现在流道进口、流道中间靠近内缘部分以及出口附近。     

导叶出口安放角对双向轴流泵性能的影响

导叶出口安放角是影响导叶能量回收能力的关键因素之一,为研究其对双向轴流泵性能的影响,采用流线法设计了11个不同出口安放角的导叶模型,通过数值方法分析各模型内流场特性和外特性。结果表明:设计工况下,出口安放角为70°时,模型效率最高,随着该角度增大,导叶出口后轴截面上的低压区扩大,同时在导叶吸力面中部靠近进口位置出现了较大的低压区,产生脱流及二次回流损失,模型效率下降。说明在设计导叶时,选取较小的出口安放角,且不同截面的翼型骨线采用直线与圆弧的直弯组合形式可以有效改善双向轴流泵在设计工况下的性能。     

矿用抢险多级泵转子部件轴向力数值模拟及平衡方法研究

因对称布置的矿用抢险多级排水泵出口段的轴端水压力较大,无法平衡轴向力,本文采用非对称布置的叶轮导叶结构,其轴向力可达到平衡,本文进一步采用切割末级叶轮后盖板的方式来完全平衡整泵转子的轴向力。基于CFX软件,采用标准k-ε模型对装配了不同尺寸后盖板的叶轮、导叶、进出水段的矿用抢险多级排水泵的全流场模型进行了数值模拟,获得了整泵的外特性及转子部件的轴向力的结果,得到末级叶轮后盖板不同切割尺寸与轴向力的尺寸范围;预估了轴向力完全平衡时,末级叶轮后盖板的切割尺寸,通过数值模拟验证了预估结果。本文所采用的矿用抢险多级泵转子部件轴向力平衡措施以及模拟方法,可为类似的多级泵产品提供参考。     

双流道泵输送固液介质的水力性能及磨损试验研究

为分析固液混合物对双流道输送泵性能的影响,采用平均粒径为10 mm和36 mm的固体颗粒对双流道泵在不同浓度和流量下开展输送固液两相介质的水力性能试验,并对泵的磨损进行分析。水力试验结果表明,在一定的流量下,随着输送混合物中固体颗粒浓度的增加,入口表压、出口表压、扬程及效率呈递减趋势。 与输送清水时比较,当输送固液两相介质时,随着流量的增大,轴功率上升较快,扬程的下降量在不同流量下几乎相同;效率曲线在不同流量下比输送清水时效率要低,差值随着流量的增大而增大。在同流量同浓度比工况下,泵的进出口压力、扬程和汽蚀性能在输送较大直径固体颗粒时,明显下降。通过对双流道泵磨损的分析表明,叶轮磨损部位主要在前盖板外缘、流道内偏前盖板的流道表面、压力面进口边,压力面的磨损区域呈三角形;泵体的磨损部位主要在周壁、隔舌及泵体口环处。本研究可为固液两相双流道离心泵的理论研究与设计应用提供试验依据。     

双吸双流道泵固液两相流动特性分析

为研究双吸双流道泵的固液两相流动规律,本文基于CFD性能预测方法,计算泵在不同沙粒直径、不同沙粒浓度、不同流量工况的内部流动规律与外部特性曲线,并与单相流进行对比分析。研究结果表明:含沙多相流,流道中的压力梯度更大,压差分布更明显;流道内的脱流损失更严重,漩涡区域更明显,叶轮出口与蜗壳进口的动静耦合作用更剧烈;固相颗粒主要集中在叶轮的上下盖板处以及靠近蜗壳出口侧的流道区域;叶轮流道进口处的颗粒相对较少,出口处的颗粒相对较多;颗粒直径的变化对固相的离析作用明显,随着泥沙直径与流量的增大,泵的进出口总压差减小,随着泥沙浓度的增大,泵进出口总压差增大。     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY（PIV） MEASUREMENTS IN A TRANSPARENT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

A special transparent centrifugal pump is designed. Detailed optical measurements of the flow inside the rotating passages of a five-bladed shroud centrifugal pump impeller have been performed by using two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV). The flow is surveyed at three load conditions qV/Vd = 0.4, qV/qVd = 1.0, qVlqVd = 1.5, respectively. As a result, phase averaged PIV velocity vector maps on three planes between hub and shroud of the impeller are presented. At design load, the mean field of relative velocity is predominantly vane congruent, showing well-behaved flow without separation. The distributions of the relative velocity on different plane along the pump shaft are very different and there is always a low velocity zone near the pressure-side of the blade at both low and design flow rate, but the low-velocity-zone at the low flow rate is much larger than that at the design one. The study demonstrates that the PIV technique is efficient in providing reliable and detailed velocity data o     

基于CFX的导叶与叶片间距对泵装置性能改变的研究

基于CFX采用数值模拟方法计算轴流泵导叶进口边与叶轮叶片出口边的平行间距S的变化对泵装置性能的影响。在质量守恒定理和动量守恒定理的基础上,应用Navier-Stoke方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,通过对轴流泵全流道三维湍流数值模拟,求解了导叶出口处的速度场和压力场。分析了S=9mm,S=12mm,S=15mm 3种情况下,流量、扬程、功率和效率的关系,研究了轴流泵导叶进口边与叶轮叶片出口边的平行间距的变化对泵装置性能的影响。     

高比转速双向泵马鞍区流动特性分析

为研究双向泵在正、反向运行时非稳定区的内流特性,以名以比转速为1600的双向轴流泵为研究对象,采用标准k-ε湍流模型对双向泵进行了正反向、多工况下的非定常数值模拟,比较了正、反向马鞍区内泵的内流特征及压力脉动变化情况,结果表明:反向时鞍型曲线出现的流量减小,马鞍区范围变窄;在所研究工况,正、反向运行时在叶片进口前靠近壁面处、出口后靠近轮毂处以及导叶内均出现了较大尺度漩涡,反向时,叶轮前的大尺度漩涡向上游移动,在轮毂后也形成了较大的回流区,同时,由于流场的非稳定特性,正向在1²、42、4⁵倍转频,反向在05倍转频,反向在0²倍转频出现了明显的压力脉动。     

基于机器学习的斜流压气机多目标优化

针对100公斤级涡喷发动机,为了提高斜流压气机性能,利用编码搭建的BP神经网络-遗传算法平台,对叶轮入口轮毂半径、叶轮叶片数、扩压器轴向长度和扩压器叶片数进行压气机级的多目标优化。结果表明:优化后的压气级总压比提高了3.2%,等熵效率提高了7.9%,工作稳定性大幅度提高;优化后的斜流压气机叶轮出口处的泄漏流得到明显的改善,扩压器转弯段逆压梯度和附面层影响减小。     

多级泵内部流场的三维数值模拟及性能预测

利用CFD软件Fluent对多级导叶式清水离心泵的内部流场进行了数值模拟,得出了叶轮及导叶内部流道的速度和压力分布规律,并发现了叶轮进口回流,出口的二次流动特征等叶轮内部流动的细节,导叶出口区产生了一个低压区等流动特征。然后根据自编计算软件利用计算得到的速度场数据计算出泵的扬程、功率、效率和流量之间的关系曲线,并与试验数据进行了比较。结果表明:在设计工况附近,预测值与试验值吻合较好,在其它工况点,特别是小流量工况点,误差较大。     

Multi-objective optimization for mixed-flow pump with blade angle of impeller exit and diffuser inlet

During design optimization, the impeller and diffuser of a mixed-flow pump are generally optimized separately. In such cases, the total head can be overdesigned. In this study, the designs of the impeller and diffuser were optimized simultaneously by using computational fluid dynamics and the Response surface method (RSM). Design variables were defined according to the vane plane development of the impeller and diffuser. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations for the shear stress transport turbulence model were discretized by finite volume approximations and solved on hexahedral grids to analyze the flow in the pump. The total head and total efficiency were selected as objective functions, with four design variables related to the impeller outlet angles and diffuser inlet angles used for optimization. The RSM was constructed based on the objective functions with design points generated from the central composite method. The hydraulic performance of the optimum model was analyzed.     

A modeling of pump impeller shroud and wear-ring seal as a whole, and its application to the pump rotordynamics

A modeling methodology of pump impeller shroud and wear-ring seal as a whole has been developed to give its rotordynamic coefficients. In this work the governing equations are derived for the continuous flow path of the impeller shroud and wear-ring seal. Pressure loss at the discontinuity of the connecting point between the impeller shroud and the wear-ring seal is defined by utilizing a pressure loss coefficient obtained from experimental measurements. The governing equations are solved directly by using the known conditions at the inlet of the impeller shroud and the outlet of the wear-ring seal. A detailed rotordynamic analysis has been carried out on a 750 m-head fourteen-stage centrifugal pump system with the effects of the hydrodynamic forces of such as impeller shroud and wear-ring seals, balance piston, and interstage seals. Results have shown that the first critical speed obtained with all the seal effects is much higher than that obtained without those effects, and moreover that the system under consideration is unstable. Large cross coupled stiffness (k) of the impeller shroud and wear-ring seal has been suspected as the source of the problem. Design modifications of the impeller shroud and wear-ring seal geometry have been performed to decrease k and increase the direct damping(C). Finally, the design modifications have yielded a stable and well damped system.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of flow characteristics in the front chamber of a centrifugal pump

We performed numerical simulations to study the flow characteristic in a centrifugal pump based on the RANS equations and the RNG k-ε turbulent model. The flow field, including the front and back pump chambers, the impeller wear-ring, the impeller passage, the volute casing, the inlet section and outlet section was calculated to obtain accurate numerical results of fluid flow in a centrifugal pump. The flow characteristic was studied from the internal flow structure in pump chambers, the radial velocity at impeller outlet as well as the pressure inside of the pump, the circumferential velocity and the radial velocity in front pump chamber. The variation of flow parameters in internal flow versus flow rate in the centrifugal pump was analyzed. The results show that the overall performance of the pump is in good agreement with the experimental data. The simulation results show that the distribution of flow field in the front pump chamber is axial asymmetry. The energy dissipation at the impeller outlet is larger than other areas. The distribution of the circumferential velocity and that of radial velocity are similar along the axial direction in the front pump chamber, but the distribution of flow is different along the circumferential and the radial directions. It was also found that the vorticity is large at the impeller inlet compared with other areas.     

导叶周向布置位置对核主泵压力脉动的影响

基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和滑移网格模型,对核主泵导叶在不同周向位置缩比模型的内部流动进行全三维非定常数值计算。研究导叶周向布置位置对叶轮出口、叶轮-导叶间隙处以及泵壳内压力脉动的影响规律,并分析导叶周向位置对导叶下游流动的影响,结果表明:导叶周向位置对模型泵内压力分布影响较大,在时域图中,导叶位置主要影响模型泵内压力脉动的波动幅度,导叶在α=0?时压力脉动的主波动幅度最小;在频域图中,导叶位置主要影响压力脉动能量幅值,导叶在α=0?时脉动能量幅值最小。叶轮出口的压力脉动能量幅值最大,泵壳内的能量幅值最小,压力脉动主要由动、静叶间的相互干涉引起。叶轮出口、叶轮-导叶间隙处的压力脉动频率主要受叶频影响,泵壳内的压力脉动频率仅与转频有关。导叶周向位置对导叶下游的内部流动影响较大,导叶在α=0?时截面B—B内的压力分布均匀、压力梯度小。合适的导叶周向位置可有效改善泵内的压力脉动分布,进而降低泵的振动。