Estimation of the chatter zones of drilled holes by using s-transformation

S-transformation based on diagnostic of machining operations from displacement, velocity, torque, and force data is proposed. Damping ratio was calculated from the time-frequency-amplitude plots of the s-transformation. The values were called damping index by considering the influence of the window functions on the calculations. Variance of the damping index in a small band around the first natural frequency of the system was found an effective chatter detection tool. The s-transformation of all the signals considered had similar characteristics and the sharp drop of the variance of the damping index indicated chatter development.     

Influence of cutting fluids on surface finish of holes drilled into aluminium 390

The primary objective of this research was to compare the surface finish resulting when using a semi-synthetic cutting fluid to that of a premium soluble oil. The secondary objective was to determine the effects of drill diameter, cutting speed, and fluid concentration on surface finish. The surface measurements were made on the walls of 6.350 and 9.525 mm lind holes drilled 25.4 mm into aluminium 390. Each cutting fluid was introduced using a flood application. Additional factors in the experimental design for each cutting fluid included two levels of cutting speed and two levels of fluid concentration. Variations in drill diameter, cutting speed, and the interaction between these factors were significant with respect to surface finish for both the semi-synthetic fluid and the soluble oil. Fluid concentration for the semi-synthetic fluid also had a significant effect on the surface finish. The surface finish produced while using the semi-synthetic fluid was approximately the same as that with the soluble oil.     

车轴轮座微动损伤对车轴疲劳寿命的影响

使用有限元软件ANSYS计算轮座损伤对车轴疲劳寿命的影响.首先计算车轴的稳态受力,这时主要考虑两种栽荷:过盈应力和额定载重应力,关键是考虑两种载荷的复合作用效应.采用外推方法获得车轴材料的S-N曲线,然后将其导入有限元程序进行计算.计算结果表明:有微动损伤的车轴疲劳寿命比无微动损伤的疲劳寿命明显减少.     

Prediction of multiaxial fatigue life for notched specimens of titanium alloy TC4

Both the proportional and nonproportional multiaxial fatigue tests were conducted on two kinds of notched specimens of titanium alloy TC4. The multiaxial fatigue critical area of notched specimen is considered as the location experiencing the maximum damage. It is unsatisfactory to predict the multiaxial fatigue life with the local stress and strain in the fatigue critical area. The critical distance concepts are employed in the multiaxial life prediction method for notched specimens. The proposed method was checked by the test data of TC4 notched specimens. The prediction results are almost within a factor of three scatter band of the test results.     

轴承套圈端面上两孔中心距离的测量

轴承套圈端面上两孔中心距离通常使用卡尺测量,然后计算得出.采用本文叙述的测量装置,通过标准件进行对表后,可直接测量出轴承套圈端面上两孔中心距离的准确数值,使用方便,测量效率高.     

Effects of micro-stresses from machining and shot-peening processes on fatigue life

An investigation of the effects of tensile machining and compressive shot-peening residual stresses on fatigue life is presented. The paper is focused on fatigue life modelling using the finite element method (FEM). A representative broached notched specimen under three-point bending is modelled as a 2D plane stress geometry using the FEM. Inconel 718 mechanical and fatigue material properties at 600°C are used. Machining and shot-peening residual stresses are mapped to the macro FE models using mathematical algorithms around the notched area of the specimen and their influence on the fatigue life experiencing high cycle fatigue (HCF) and low cycle fatigue (LCF) is investigated. The results show that the compressive shot-peening residual stresses significantly increase the life at HCF compared to the LCF.     

孔群分类加工路径的优化算法

柔性钣金加工中心采用钻削或攻丝加工孔群时,为缩短刀具空走行程并提高孔群加工效率,针对孔群中圆孔需分类使用不同刀具加工问题,提出蚁群算法与贪心算法相结合的混合算法对孔群加工路径进行优化。该混合算法对同一种类孔群中的孔采用蚁群算法优化路径,不同种类孔群间的过渡应用贪心算法优化。通过在自主开发钣金刻铣加工CAD/CAM软件中,将所提出的混合算法与X向路径法、Y向路径法、贪心算法、蚁群算法进行实验对比。对分布无序的3类41个圆孔的孔群加工实验,结果表明:混合算法优化后路径长度比X向路径法优化后缩短42.84%,比Y向路径法优化后缩短48.93%,比贪心算法优化后缩短11.10%,比蚁群算法优化后缩短6.19%。由此可见,本文所提出的混合算法能够更有效缩短分类孔群加工路径,提高加工效率。     

Effects of finishing processes on the fatigue life improvements of electro-machined surfaces of tool steel

Machining the EN X160CrMoV12 tool steel by electro-discharge machining (EDM) process generates significant modifications of microgeometrical, microstructural and mechanical properties of the upper layers of the machined components. In this paper, the role of these modifications in controlling the stability, under cyclic loading, of the propagation of the crack networks generated by EDM is discussed. High cycle fatigue tests (2?×?10⁶ cycles) show that the presence of these cracks in brittle layers, i.e. white layer, quenched the martensitic layer, and a field of tensile residual stresses (+750?MPa) results in a loss of 34% of endurance limit comparatively with the endurance evaluated for the milled state that generates crack-free surfaces. It is shown, in this work, that the detrimental effect of these crack networks can be controlled by putting in compression the upper layers of the EDM surfaces. Indeed the application of wire brushing to EDM surfaces generates compressive residual stresses (???100?MPa) that stabilise the crack networks propagation and therefore restores to the EDM surfaces their endurance limit value corresponding to the milled state. Moreover, removing the crack networks by polishing generates a stabilised residual stress value of ???130?MPa. This results in an improvement rate of about 70% of the endurance limit comparatively with the EDM state and of 26% in comparison to the milled state. These rates could be further increased by the application of the wire brushing process to the polished surfaces that reached 75% and 30% comparatively to the EDM and milling states respectively. In this case, a stabilised surface residual stress of about ???150?MPa was measured on the specimen surfaces.     

Investigation of the fatigue behaviour of butt-welded joints treated by ultrasonic peening process and compared with fatigue life assessment standards

Ultrasonic peening is a technique to be used for improving the fatigue life of welded structures. The technique makes use of an ultrasonically vibrated pin which is pressed against the toe regions of the weld. The beneficial effect is mainly due to the introduction of favourable compressive stresses on weld toe regions, causing local plastic deformation and reducing stress concentration effect. This paper deals with the influence of ultrasonic peening treatment on fatigue life improvement in butt-welded plates. Fatigue life is predicted for the welded plate as per BS 7608 standard, AWS D 1.1 structural welding code and IIW-XIII-1539-96 standard, and they are compared with the experimental results. The ultrasonic peening technique is applied on a plain carbon steel plate weldment, and specimens conforming to ASTM E 466 standard are prepared and tested in a servohydraulic static dynamic testing machine at three different stress levels. Afterwards their fatigue lives are obtained. The comparison of the fatigue life in unpeened and peened specimens brings out the beneficial influence of the treatment. It is found that the improvement in fatigue life is up to 35% at 250 MPa of applied stress. But at higher stress levels, the benefit is less. At 350 MPa of applied stress, peening results in lower fatigue life. A comparison of the predicted fatigue lives from various standards with the experimental results shows that it is very close to the life at 50% probability of survival as predicted by the BS 7608 standard. The details of the experiments conducted and the results obtained are furnished in this paper.     

大型水陆两栖飞机起落架疲劳寿命分析与优化

以疲劳寿命分析理论成果为指导,对大型水陆两栖飞机主起落架进行疲劳寿命计算分析与结构优化研究。通过Hypermesh进行模型有限元前处理,在NASTRAN中计算应力分布结果,利用NcodeDesignlife研究起落架整体结构件疲劳寿命;通过LMS Virtual．Lab建立前起落架刚柔耦合模型,得到各个零部件连接部位节点力,从而完成对各个零部件的独立建模分析计算;基于疲劳寿命的结构优化技术,以Optistruct为工具对起落架疲劳寿命薄弱部位进行形状优化,使得疲劳寿命进一步提高。     

Effects of material properties and hole designs of the jig on the fatigue life of dental implants

A purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of material properties and hole designs of the jig on fatigue test results of dental implants. An implant fatigue test method is described in ISO14801, which requires that the jig should firmly hold the implant and the elastic modulus of the jig should be more than 3 GPa. However, these requirements are insufficient to represent a dental implant in the jawbone as the fixture is osseointegrated in the jawbone that comprises of the cortical bone and the cancellous bone. In this paper, three different materials for the jig and two different hole designs of the jig for holding the implant were examined in FE simulations and fatigue tests. From the simulation and test results, the effects of material properties and the hole designs of the jig were evaluated in the light of fatigue life of dental implants.     

机械零件疲劳寿命问题研究

本文介绍了疲劳寿命问题的概念、发展历程,论述了疲劳寿命设计思想的变革过程,并指出了机械零件疲劳寿命问题研究的趋势是利用计算机的虚拟技术实现构件的寿命预测。软件的虚拟寿命分析设计与实验的有机结合可以节约实验成本,缩短设计周期。笔者认为机械零件疲劳寿命问题研究应从有限元的基本原理等理论基础入手,以某种成熟软件(如ABAQUS等)为辅助手段,利用工科背景,对疲劳寿命问题进行深入研究。     

卷筒绕进绕出钢丝绳与相邻绳的最小间距计算

根据卷筒绕进绕出绳与相邻钢丝绳的几何关系推导了两者最小间距的计算公式,可用于确定卷筒绕进绕出绳的偏斜角或检查其是否与相邻钢丝绳干涉。     

In-situ crack propagation observation of a particle reinforced polymer composite using the double cleavage drilled compression specimens

In this study, we investigate the feasibility of in-situ crack propagation by using a double cleavage drilled compression (DCDC) specimen showing a slow crack velocity down to 0.03 mm/s under 0.01 mm/s of displacement control. Finite element analysis predicted that the DCDC specimens would show at least 4.3 fold delayed crack initiation time than conventional tensile fracture specimens under a constant loading speed. Using DCDC specimens, we were able to observe the in-situ crack propagation process in a particle reinforced transparent polymer composite. Our results confirmed that the DCDC specimen would be a good candidate for the in-situ observation of the behavior of particle reinforced composites with slow crack velocity, such as the self-healing process of micro-particle reinforced composites.     

Heat aging effects on the material property and the fatigue life of vulcanized natural rubber, and fatigue life prediction equations

When natural rubber is used for a long period of time, it becomes aged; it usually becomes hardened and loses its damping capability. This aging process affects not only the material property but also the (fatigue) life of natural rubber. In this paper the aging effects on the material property and the fatigue life were experimentally investigated. In addition, several fatigue life prediction equations for natural rubber were proposed. In order to investigate the aging effects on the material property, the load-stretch ratio curves were plotted from the results of the tensile test, the compression test and the simple shear test for virgin and heat-aged rubber specimens. Rubber specimens were heat-aged in an oven at a temperature ranging from 50°C to 90°C for a period ranging from 2 days to 16 days. In order to investigate the aging effects on the fatigue life, fatigue tests were conducted for differently heat-aged hourglass-shaped and simple shear specimens. Moreover, finite element simulations were conducted for the specimens to calculate physical quantities occurring in the specimens such as the maximum value of the effective stress, the strain energy density, the first invariant of the Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and the maximum principal nominal strain. Then, four fatigue life prediction equations based on one of the physical quantities could be obtained by fitting the equations to the test data. Finally, the fatigue life of a rubber bush used in an automobile was predicted by using the prediction equations, and it was compared with the test data of the bush to evaluate the reliability of those equations.     

浅谈工程更改签署电子流程（EWO）的优化

EWO流程是上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司的工程更改签署电子流程.介绍了对该电子流程优化的过程,优化前后对比,减少了签署的层级,从原先的六个阶段减少为四个阶段,以前保险杠安装点位王的更改为例,签署时间可以节省4个工作目.     

海底管道的疲劳寿命估算

分析了影响裂纹扩展寿命的多个随机因素,推导了海底管线裂纹疲劳寿命计算公式.考虑了管跨所承受栽荷、裂纹尺寸、材料断裂韧性等参数,使用Monte Carlo法疲劳寿命模型对海底管道进行疲劳寿命可靠性计算.比较了不同裂纹尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响,编写了计算机应用程序,算例表明它在疲劳寿命的可靠性估计中的应用及其工程意义.     

Effect of dynamics on the process of formation of holes during honing

A model of the process of honing holes with a specified initial error of the surface shape is developed. The process of improvement of the error of the shape of holes during the treatment is numerically analyzed. The tool shaft is schematized as a rotating rod transmitting rotation to a hone holder with cutting bars and guide bars elastically mounted on it. Cutting forces are modeled as friction forces that depend on a normal pressure on a contact surface, and removal of allowance during passage of the surface by cutting bars is modeled according to Preston’s hypothesis. The effect of technological parameters on integral criteria of treatment quality is analyzed.