Theoretical characterization of Raman oscillation with intracavitypumping of fiber lasers

Theoretical results relating to the generation of continuous-wave (CW) output from fiber lasers that are internally pumped with light generated from the stimulated Raman effect are presented. This investigation establishes the important fiber and resonator parameters, such as the fiber length and glass composition, dopant concentration, and pump power required to realize this new form of fiber laser arrangement. Three examples are studied: the Ho³⁺-doped silica fiber laser that is pumped at a wavelength of 1.15 μm, the Er ³⁺-doped silica fiber laser which is pumped at 1.48 μm and, the Tm³⁺-doped silica fiber laser which Is pumped at 1.625 μm. These three examples cover first Stokes pumping, second Stokes pumping, and first Stokes pumping with direct dopant absorption of the pump light, respectively. The simulations involve the use of simple numerical models comprising the spatially dependent field propagation equations (under the slowly varying field approximation) and the rate equations for the population densities. It is established that intracavity Raman pumping of fiber lasers with first Stokes radiation is efficient when the losses at the pump, Stokes and laser wavelengths are kept low (<10 dB/km). It is also established that second Stokes pumping is, even with direct absorption of the pump light, theoretically quite efficient and, as a result, the Er³⁺-doped silica fiber laser which is pumped with second Stokes radiation at 1.48 μm may provide the best demonstration of intracavity Raman pumping     

An intracavity 16-μm Raman laser: a theoretical investigation

A theoretical model describing the dynamics of an intracavity 16-μm laser was developed. This laser consists of a TEA-CO₂ laser with an intracavity Raman cell. The Raman medium could be either hydrogen or deuterium, depending on the required wavelength. Stokes, anti-Stokes, and pump coupling were considered. Output energies as well as pulse shapes were calculated. Optimum output coupling was also determined. The model predicted that the intracavity Raman laser could be a viable alternative to a conventional multipass Raman cell for generating intense 16-μm pulses     

High-efficiency pulse compression with intracavity Raman amplifiers

High-efficiency pulse compression using intracavity Raman amplifiers has been computed. The energy of a pump laser stored in a lossless cavity is extracted at the Stokes frequency by means of Raman amplification of an input Stokes pulse. Calculations are made for both long and short duration input Stokes pulses for different lossless cavities. As an example, we use a hydrogen-argon mixture as the Raman medium and 1.5 J/cm²energy fluence stored in the lossless cavity at the ruby frequency. By comparing amplified Stokes pulses to a 30 ns pulse duration conventional ruby laser delivering the same energy fluence, pulse shortening factors larger than 20 are computed with quantum conversion efficiencies higher than 80 percent. These values compare favorably to backward Raman amplification. Moreover, this technique is proved to be able to provide a pulse compression rate larger than 14, even for a broad-band laser, which is impossible with backward Raman amplification. This technique could be used with any laser, even with absorbing laser media (excimer lasers) provided pump energy is stored in the lossless cavity by shifting of the laser frequency with any nonlinear process.     

Injection locking of CW ring dye lasers

An analytical treatment of the injection locking of CW dye lasers, taking into account the Fabry-Perot enhancement of the laser cavity is presented. The analysis, restricted to the case where the injected radiation is resonant within the injected resonator, is based on a set of rate equations for the population densities and photon flux. Analytical solutions are found which allow the injection threshold conditions to be easily determined, and which describe the different intracavity intensities characterizing the system. The dependence of these quantities on various parameters such as input coupler transparency, pump intensity, injected intensity, and wavelength is analyzed. These results correct, in the case of steady-state laser operation, the theoretical predictions obtained by Ganiel et al. from a model where only the field intensities were considered instead of the field amplitudes. The experimental feasibility of CW ring dye laser injection locking is discussed and the conditions for an optimum system, in terms of intracavity power are determined.     

Numerical Modeling of Pulsed Raman Fiber Converters at 2 $mu{hbox {m}}$

Theoretical modeling of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in fibers is presented for the near-infrared band around 2 mum, where pump and Stokes wave have different absorption. This model takes into account amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), SRS towards Stokes and anti-Stokes waves, absorption of the Raman medium and Rayleigh backscattering in fibers. Depending on the fiber configuration, this model includes the cavity parameters of either external or internal mirrors at the fiber ends. Input parameters are, among others, temporal profiles of the pump radiation, absorption, and gain curve of the Raman medium. The model agrees well with experimental results obtained with a GeO₂ doped core fiber pumped by a pulsed and tunable Tm:silica fiber laser emitting around 2 mum.     

激光诱导等离子体对水团簇受激拉曼散射的影响

利用532 nm脉冲激光作用于水分子,研究其受激拉曼Stokes和anti-Stokes散射.实验表明:激光束经过聚焦后,在能量为4 mJ时,水分子产生等离子体;在泵浦激光能量由5 mJ增加到15 mJ的过程中,水分子OH键伸缩振动的受激拉曼Stokes散射光强逐渐增大、受激谱带宽度逐渐加宽,并且受激拉曼Stokes散射中心波长呈现蓝移趋势;当能量为15 mJ时,产生了OH键伸缩振动的受激拉曼anti-Stokes散射光.利用激光诱导等离子体增强水分子团簇的受激拉曼散射理论解释了以上现象,实验与理论符合地很好.     

Modeling of Actively Q-Switched Intracavity Raman Lasers

The normalized space-dependent rate equations are deduced assuming the intracavity photon densities and initial population-inversion density to be of Gaussian spatial distributions in the diode-pumped actively Q-switched intracavity Raman lasers. Numerical calculations are carried out to investigate the influences of these normalized variables on the pulse parameters of the first Stokes. The rate equations under the planewave approximation are also normalized and solved numerically, and the results show the obvious discrepancies from those of the space-dependent theory. The spontaneous Raman scattering factor in rate equations are deduced in detail for the first time, and the oscillating threshold of the first Stokes inside the resonator is deduced analytically. A sample calculation for an actively Q-switched self-Raman laser is presented to demonstrate the use of the curves and related formulas.     

Relative intensity noise in cascaded-Raman fiber lasers

Pump-to-Stokes and Stokes-to-Stokes relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer is discovered now for cascaded Raman fiber lasers (RFLs) with multimode laser pumping. We report on the first experimental study of this effect observed with two-stage phosphosilicate RFL and also propose its analytical explanation. It is shown that the peaks of radio-frequency (RF) spectrum associated with longitudinal mode beating in the pump laser cavity almost uniformly transfer to the first and second Stokes RF-spectra, thus increasing RIN of the RFL in megahertz-frequency domain.     

高转换效率LD抽运Cr4+:YAG被动调Q内腔式SrWO4拉曼激光器实验研究

采用Cr⁴⁺:YAG作为饱和吸收体,实现了结构 紧凑的全固态半导体泵浦被动调Q内腔式钨酸锶(SrWO₄) 拉曼激光器,获得了稳定的、高效率的一阶斯托克斯拉曼光,并研究了激光器运转中拉曼光 的偏振特性。泵 浦抽运功率为5.8W时,获得的拉曼激光输出功率为968mW,调Q 脉冲重复率为49kHz,脉宽为7ns, 抽运光到一阶斯托克斯光的转换效率为16.7%,斜效率为18. 6%。这是目前报道的被动调 Q内腔式固 体拉曼激光器所获得的最高转换效率。     

Intracavity Raman lasers

Experimental and theoretical studies of intracavity Raman lasers are presented. Advantages of intracavity Raman lasers, particularly for low-emission cross section and broadly tunable vibronic gain media, are described. Experimental studies of a hydrogen gas Raman laser pumped inside the cavity of an alexandrite laser are presented. A theoretical model of the dynamics of a unidirectional intracavity Raman ring laser is developed and solved analytically. This model is adapted for simulation experiments     

高功率光纤激光器喇曼效应的数值分析

为了研究掺镱双包层高功率光纤激光器的结构参量对喇曼效应的影响,利用数值模拟方法求解有关抽运光、激光和斯托克斯波的稳态速率方程组,得到了激光和斯托克斯波在光纤轴向的分布特性,以及喇曼阈值抽运功率与光纤激光器结构参量的关系.结果表明,当光纤激光器采用大模面积、短腔长、小斯托克斯波辐射截面和长激光波长的结构参量时,能显著提高喇曼阈值抽运功率,降低喇曼效应.     

1.54μm腔内喇曼激光器实验研究

喇曼激光器作为一种将基波频率转换成斯托克斯频率的高量子效率转换装置,实现激光频率的扩展,日益受到人们的重视。腔外喇曼频移过程,国内、外都有过充分的研究,而腔内喇曼频移激光器投入实际使用则只是近几年才发展起来。本文报道了脉冲Nd:YAG1.06μm基频经高压甲烷气体在封闭式激光腔内喇曼频移成1.54μm一阶斯托克斯脉冲输出的实验研究结果。     

内腔泵浦的BaWO4反斯托克斯拉曼激光器实验研究

实验研究了内腔BaWO4反斯托克斯拉曼激光器的激光特性。通过在调Q的基频谐振腔中插入一倾斜的BaWO4拉曼谐振腔,实现基频光、一阶斯托克斯光和一阶反斯托克斯光的非共线相位匹配,进而实现了内腔反斯托克斯拉曼激光器在968nm的运转。测量了不同泵浦电压下输出的一阶反斯托克斯光的单脉冲能量,当泵浦电压为750V时,获得的最大输出能量为0.79mJ,相应的基频光到一阶反斯托克斯光的转化效率为1.5%。一阶反斯托克斯光的典型脉冲宽度为4.9ns。     

Simultaneous operation of a Raman fiber amplifier and laser pumped by a dual-wavelength Nd/sup 3+/-doped fiber laser

This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamics of Raman fiber lasers that use highly GeO/sub 2/-doped fibers as an active medium and a dual-wavelength (1060 and 1090 nm) Nd/sup 3+/-doped fiber laser as a pump source. The 1090-nm pump wavelength is located within the SiO/sub 2/ Raman gain spectrum relating to the 1060-nm pump wavelength, and competition is observed between Raman amplification of the 1090-nm emission with the 1060-nm emission used as the pump source and Raman lasing, which is independent of the 1090-nm amplification and which is also uses the 1060-nm emission as the pump source. Several pump configurations have been demonstrated to generate specific Stokes emissions generated through Raman lasing or amplification. Changing the gain-to-loss ratio by introducing intracavity loss of Raman emissions or increasing the Raman fiber length within each configuration can force either Raman amplification or lasing to dominate. The maximum slope efficiency as a function of the launched pump power was /spl sim/55% with a total output power of 1.6 W produced. A red shift of both the pump and the Stokes wavelengths is experimentally observed when the launched diode pump power is scaled up.     

Forced pump oscillation at anti-Stokes wavelength of coupled Raman fibre laser resonators

Multi-watt oscillation of a Yb/sup 3+/-doped silica fibre pump laser is demonstrated at two wavelengths when pump-coupled Raman fibre laser resonators are constructed using fibre end reflection and a dielectric mirror, which are common to both the pump and Raman fibre lasers. Using an off-resonant Bragg grating to force the initial oscillation of the Raman fibre laser, pump emission at the anti-Stokes wavelength is demonstrated.     

164W LD侧抽运准连续Nd:YAG/HGTR-KTP高功率绿光激光器

为了研究百瓦级高光束质量绿光激光器,采用激光二极管侧面抽运双棒串接、双声光调Q的方法,依据光束传输矩阵,分析比较了V型折叠腔内分别置入单、双激光晶体时,其热透镜效应对谐振腔稳定性、折叠臂内光场分布以及倍频晶体处子午光斑和弧矢光斑大小的影响,倍频晶体选用具有抗灰迹特性的Ⅱ类临界相位匹配KTP晶体。当总抽运功率为1200W、重复频率为27.2kHz时,得到了脉冲宽度为130ns的164W准连续绿光输出,光光转换效率为13.7%,光束质量因子Mx2=10.46,My2=10.59。结果表明,使用双棒串接、双声光调QV型腔结构,可以获得百瓦级高功率、高光束质量532nm绿光输出。     

VUV generation by high-order CARS

Generation of VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) radiation by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in H₂ is studied with collinear irradiation of the first Stokes component simultaneously with pump laser radiation. Improvements of the high-order coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) method over the pure SRS scheme are: generation of higher anti-Stokes (AS) orders, increased conversion efficiency, and considerably better reproducibility. Experimental results are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis     

固体三倍频激光在高压H2中受激拉曼散射的实验研究

利用Nd∶YAG激光器的三倍频输出 (35 5nm)在H2 中的受激拉曼散射 (SRS)获得波长在 2 0 4～ 86 7nm范围内的激光输出。当抽运能量为 70mJ时观察到四阶Stokes光和五阶Anti Stokes光 ,其中第一阶Stokes光 (416nm)输出能量为 2 8 7mJ,第二阶Stokes光 (5 0 3nm)输出能量为 16mJ,一阶Anti Stokes光 (30 9nm)输出能量为 3mJ。研究了H2 压力和各阶Stokes光能量的关系 ,同时观察到环行光斑和脉宽压缩现象。     

半导体双端抽运三程折叠谐振腔板条激光器

为了获得简单紧凑的固体激光器,采用半导体端面抽运三程折叠谐振腔板条激光器,建立了热透镜等效腔模型,进行了等效腔稳定性及腔内基模光斑半径的仿真分析,将新型结构与平-平腔结构进行了比对性实验研究。结果表明,在三程折叠腔长为170mm时,获得了21W的1064nm激光功率输出,光光转换效率为16.4%,斜效率为25%,水平和竖直方向上的M2因子分别为10.8和2.76。同等条件下,水平方向上M2因子从平-平腔的152.7优化到三程折叠腔的10.8;输出光斑水平方向尺寸由平-平腔的10.8mm压缩到三程折叠腔的4.1mm,验证了结构简单紧凑的端面抽运三程折叠谐振腔激光器光束的输出能力。该研究对获得腔内调Q和腔内倍频532nm激光器有实际意义。