管状MnO2氧化制备聚苯胺纳米管及其超级电容性能

以管状二氧化锰(MnO2)为氧化剂和模板剂在酸水体系中化学氧化制备了聚苯胺(PANI)纳米管。采用能谱仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱、循环伏安、恒流充放电及交流阻抗谱等测试手段对其结构和电化学性能进行测试;研究不同苯胺单体(ANI)的用量对PANI结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,制备的聚苯胺为内径约90nm,外径约350nm,长约2μm的纳米管;在 m(MnO2)∶m(ANI)=9∶25时,合成的PANI管状结构比较丰富,在1mol/L H2SO4电解液中比电容达到473F/g。     

石墨烯／醋酸掺杂态聚苯胺的制备及其防腐性能

在醋酸体系中用原位聚合法将石墨烯(RGO)与不同比例的苯胺(ANI)合成RGO/PANI一次掺杂态产物,用氨水解掺杂后再掺杂醋酸制备出RGO/PANI二次掺杂态产物。使用红外光谱、紫外光谱和扫描电镜等手段表征产物的结构和形貌并用电化学技术测试其防腐性能。结果表明,RGO与ANI质量比为1:10时生成的一次掺杂态产物形貌最好,防腐效果最佳;RGO表面生长的聚苯胺长度为300~650 nm,直径为70~100 nm,产物的缓蚀效率可达73.19%;RGO/PANI二次掺杂态产物为石墨烯／醋酸掺杂态聚苯胺;醋酸掺杂可明显改善产物的结构和形貌并提高其缓蚀效率,缓蚀效率可达到80.21%,防腐性能优异。     

二次掺杂制备聚苯胺/石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料及其防腐性能EI北大核心CSCD

在高氯酸体系中通过原位聚合将苯胺(ANI)单体分别与还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)、碳纳米管(CNTs)制备了一次掺杂态产物PANI/RGO和PANI/CNTs,产物分别经氨水解掺杂后,在高氯酸体系中经二次掺杂制备得到二次掺杂态聚苯胺/石墨烯/碳纳米管(Redoped PANI/RGO/CNTs)复合材料。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和紫外光谱对其不同产物形貌和结构进行表征,通过电化学工作站测试了不同产物在3.5%NaCl溶液的防腐蚀性能。结果表明,在RGO与ANI质量比为1:20、CNTs与ANI质量比为1:20时,二次掺杂态产物中聚苯胺纳米纤维可分别在RGO和CNTs上均匀生长并形成网状结构,纤维长度达到850 nm,形貌均一,其防腐蚀性能最优异,缓蚀效率可达81.79%。通过二次掺杂将PANI/RGO和PANI/CNTs复合制备Redoped PANI/RGO/CNTs材料,可有效避免石墨烯和碳纳米管在制备复合材料过程中的团聚,得到结构规整、防腐性能更优异的复合材料。     

聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其电容性能研究

通过在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)表面原位电化学聚合聚苯胺(PANI)制备聚苯胺/碳纳米管(PANI/MWCNTs)结构复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对制备的聚合物形貌进行了表征。结果表明,制备的PANI/MWCNTs复合材料具有纤维状结构。采用循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CP)表征该复合材料的电化学性能。通过调控了碳纳米管的管径和聚苯胺的厚度,研究其对复合材料比电容的影响规律。实验结果表明,在恒电流充放电的电流密度为0.5 mA/cm²条件下,碳纳米管的管径为50 nm,聚苯胺循环沉积CV圈数为5圈时复合材料的比电容最大,达到147.6 F/g。以上研究为制备出新型结构的聚苯胺/碳纳米管超电容材料提供了科学指导和理论依据。     

聚苯胺/碳纳米管的原位复合

通过原位溶液聚合制备了聚苯胺/碳纳米管(PANI/CNT)复合材料。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光光谱(UV-VIS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热失重分析(TGA)及差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了PANI/CNT复合材料的结构与性能。研究表明,苯胺(ANI)的聚合倾向于在碳纳米管(CNT)表面进行,形成PANI包覆的CNT。CNT表面PANI层的厚度随溶液中ANI含量的增加而增加;当溶液中ANI含量较低时,CNT表面PANI层厚度均匀;当ANI含量过高时,CNT表面PANI层厚度不均匀,形成一些颗粒状附着物。PANI与CNT之间主要是物理吸附;PANI/CNT复合材料的电导率远高于PANI本身。同时,PANI/CNT复合材料的耐热性远高于PANI,并受PANI含量影响。     

镧离子电化学掺杂聚苯胺薄膜电极及其电容性能

采用循环伏安法(CV)制备了聚苯胺(PANI)和掺杂镧离子的聚苯胺(PANI/La~(3+))薄膜电极。利用傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪对其结构和形貌进行了分析。通过循环伏安、恒流充放电(CP)及交流阻抗(EIS)等测试其电化学性能。结果表明,在0.5mol/L H_2SO_4电解液中,当电流密度为5mA/cm~2时,掺杂镧离子的聚苯胺比电容相对聚苯胺薄膜电极提高了100F/g,且镧离子掺杂后的聚苯胺循环稳定性明显改善。     

聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇/磺化石墨烯复合材料的制备及性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠制备聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇/磺化石墨烯(PANI/PVA/S-GNS)导电复合材料,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对其结构和形貌进行表征;通过溶解性能测试,表明十二烷基苯磺酸钠的加入,可有效降低PANI的团聚,提高复合材料的溶解性能;通过循环伏安和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行测试,结果显示少量S-GNS的加入就能提高复合材料的电性能,在扫描速率为50 mV/s时,PANI/PVA/S-GNS的比电容为661.2 F/g,远大于比电容为354.3 F/g的PANI/PVA。     

聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇/磺化石墨烯复合材料的制备及性能

通过加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠制备聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇/磺化石墨烯(PANI/PVA/S-GNS)导电复合材料,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对其结构和形貌进行表征;通过溶解性能测试,表明十二烷基苯磺酸钠的加入,可有效降低PANI的团聚,提高复合材料的溶解性能;通过循环伏安和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行测试,结果显示少量S-GNS的加入就能提高复合材料的电性能,在扫描速率为50 mV/s时,PANI/PVA/S-GNS的比电容为661.2 F/g,远大于比电容为354.3 F/g的PANI/PVA。     

三维聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺/石墨烯复合微粒的制备及电化学性能

为扩展石墨烯的宏观应用,制备性能优异的三维聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺/石墨烯(PS/PANI/graphene)复合微粒具有重要意义.以聚苯乙烯微粒为模板,通过2种浓度苯胺单体的原位生长得到2种聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺复合微粒,再利用氧化石墨烯与苯乙烯/聚苯胺微粒间的静电、共轭相互作用制备三维PS/PANI/graphene复合微粒.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)对其微观形貌、结构进行表征,利用电化学测试对三维复合微粒电化学性能进行测试.结果表明,复合材料保持了聚合物微粒的基本形貌,具有三维结构,并有优异的比电容(578 F/g)和循环稳定性(循环900次,容量保持81.5%),其电性能远优于单纯石墨烯和聚苯胺.     

超级电容器聚苯胺/活性中间相炭微球复合电极材料的研究

以具有高比表面积的活性中间相活性碳微球(a-MCMB)、苯胺(ANI)为主要原料,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,通过原位化学聚合法在a-MCMB表面沉积聚苯胺(PANI),首次制得纳米PANI/a-MCMB新型复合材料,通过XRD、SEM对样品的晶型结构和表面形貌进行表征,并将得到的复合材料组装成超级电容器,用循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒流充放电以及循环性能测试技术对该材料进行电化学测试。结果显示,在1MH2SO4溶液中,复合材料的比容量达到288.46F/g。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to