连退生产线立式活套控制方法

针对连退生产线立式活套的特点,从电气控制的角度着重阐述活套的结构组成和控制方法。以入口活套为例,结合PLC和矢量传动控制原理框图,详述了立式活套的控制原理及实现方法,主要包括基于套量控制的活套速度控制、基于速度叠加的活套张力控制、基于速度补偿的双活套平衡控制。这些方法使得活套的套量控制精准、张力控制平稳、平衡控制稳定。     

唐钢大型烧结机控制系统

介绍了唐钢炼铁厂三烧车问实现烧结过程智能控制管理系统的组成及混合料量控制、混合料水分控制、烧结机布料控制、烧透点位置控制和烧透偏差控制等控制管理模型，实践证明，控制管理系统性能稳定，取得了良好的控制效果。     

济钢烧结生产过程控制系统的开发与应用

济钢烧结生产过程控制系统实现了整个烧结生产过程的自动控制 ,包括自动配料控制、混合料水分控制、点火温度控制、混合料总量控制、生产中固体燃料的消耗控制、自动布料控制等。控制系统性能稳定 ,取得了良好的控制效果。     

冷连轧机日立AGC控制系统的研究

介绍了AGC控制基础知识,以马钢2130酸轧冷连轧机为例,选取日立AGC控制中的轧机弹性系数控制(BISRA)、前馈控制(FF)、反馈控制(FB)、史密斯预估控制(Smith)、轧辊偏心控制(REC)、秒流量控制(MASS Flow AGC)、动态变规格(FGC)和控制加速/减速补偿控制(ACC/DEC compensation)进行分析,对日立控制模型的研究有一定参考价值。     

制造业工艺发展趋势及特殊钢棒材生产新工艺

随着制造行业发展和环保要求的加强,锻造工艺向着节能化、精密化、轻量化、数字化、智能化等方向发展。为了满足锻造工艺的发展要求,对特殊钢棒材加工工艺进行了系统地研究,从钢的均匀性控制、纯净度控制、车削性控制、表面质量控制、热轧态组织控制、表面脱碳控制、氧化铁皮控制、尺寸精度控制及平直度控制方面制定相应的工艺措施,改善了特殊钢棒材的组织均匀性、尺寸精度、脱碳层深度、氧化铁皮厚度等关键性质量指标。     

核电工程用钢板制造质量控制特点及其应用

针对核电工程用钢板制造质量控制的特点,论述了新钢核电产品制造质量控制体系、控制过程、控制内容和控制方法。     

脉冲燃烧技术在热轧不锈钢加热炉上的应用

介绍了脉冲燃烧技术在热轧不锈钢加热炉上的应用,重点介绍如下主要控制功能及控制软件：温度控制及脉冲宽度调制、脉冲阀时序控制、热量比控制、空燃比控制、炉压控制。生产情况表明：各项主要控制指标达到国际先进水平。     

浅谈加强建设工程的投资控制

建设工程项目的投资控制是一项系统工程,应在项目决策阶段、设计阶段、施工招、投标和实施阶段对投资进行有效控制,集事前控制、事中控制、事后控制于一体。     

轧机AGC控制系统故障分析和处理

介绍轧机AGC控制的控制,对AGC系统中的所有控制方式：辊缝控制、压力控制、GMTR控制,从原理上进行详细描述。并对AGC控制出现的故障,特别是传感器元件故障处理机理通过实例进行描述。在设备维护中具有一定的参考作用。     

铜冶炼余热锅炉给水系统自动控制的实现

以铜冶炼余热锅炉给水系统为对象,根据其生产工艺对给水系统控制的特殊影响以及系统的复杂性,设计了有效的控制方案,主要有汽包水位控制、汽包蒸汽压力控制、除氧器水位及压力控制、水泵联锁及给水压力控制,还有若干非常规调节,包括变PID参数控制和特殊规则控制等。其中,汽包水位控制分为常规控制和结合现场经验开发的特殊控制策略,针对这些控制策略编制了相应的控制程序。生产实践结果表明,这些控制方案均取得了良好的控制效果,实现了铜冶炼余热锅炉给水系统的自动控制。     

Distribution of six transplasma membrane NADH-dehydrogenases in rat brain tissue

Transplasma membrane redox plays a significant role in cellular activation and growth. Six isoenzymes could be prepared from purified rat brain synaptic plasma membrane. Polyclonal antibodies have been prepared against six transplasma membrane oxydoreductases (PMO-I to PMO-VI) and the tissue distribution of the various iso-enzymes have been investigated in adult rat brains by means of immunohistochemistry. PMO-I is densely observed in layers I, IV and V of the parietal cortex, in CA1 of the hippocampus (except for the molecular layer), in the caudate putamen, in the dorsal, granular and ventral parts of the auditory nuclei, in some loci of the vestibular nuclei as well as in the deep cerebellar nucleus and in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex. PMO-II is mainly located in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus and in the deep cerebellar nucleus and in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex. PMO-III is abundant in the piriform cortex, in the pyramidal layers of both CA1 and CA2, in the diagonal band of the basal ganglia, in the supraoptic nucleus and in various loci of the magnetocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hippothalamus as well as in the vestibular nuclei from the brain stem. In addition PMO-III is also densely present in motor nuclei (oculomotor, facial, hypoglossal and ambiguus nuclei), in the reticular formation and in the deep cerebellar nucleus as well as in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex. PMO-IV has a similar location but is less abundant in the vestibular nuclei of the sensory brain stem and in the motor nucleus. PMO-V in contrast is poorly present in most brain areas compared to the other iso-enzymes, apart of the Purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex. Finally PMO-VI is mainly present in the oriens layer and in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus formation, in the supraoptic and lateral magnocellular nucleus of the hypothalamus, in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, in the ventral auditory nucleus and in the facial nucleus of the brain stem as well as in red nucleus of the reticular formation and in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex. These data show that the iso-enzymes are located in specific brain nuclei. The significance of the results in respect to the yet very poorly defined function of PMO's is discussed.     

Morphological study of laryngeal ganglions and associated nerve cells in humans and five mammals

The arrangement and numbers of intralaryngeal ganglia and associated neurons in humans and four mammals (dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs and rats) were investigated morphologically and compared with the results obtained in the cat which have been reported previously. Intralaryngeal ganglia were mostly distributed in branches of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve in all species, dorsal and/or dorsolateral to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in humans, dogs and cats and around the inferior laryngeal nerve in humans, dogs, cats, guinea pigs and rats. The total number of laryngeal ganglionic neurons was 2,000 to 2,400 in humans, 300-450 in dogs, 600-800 in cats, 250-320 in rats, and 100-150 in rabbits and guinea pigs. More than 80 percent of ganglionic neurons were present in the supraglottis in all species, except the rat, in which about 60 percent were in the subglottis. Each ganglion in all species existed within the nerve bundle, and was chiefly encapsulated with fibrous tissue, many ganglionic cells, glial cells, Schwann cells, vessels and connective tissue. The present morphological study of intralaryngeal ganglia in humans and four mammals suggests that the laryngeal ganglionic neurons have the same arrangement as in cats.     

某铀矿区水稻土—地表水铀含量对稻米铀含量的影响

以水稻土—地表水铀含量为视角,从水稻土剖面铀含量分布规律、水稻土与下伏岩体稀土元素特征、不同河流不同河段水稻土—地表水—稻米铀含量特征、水稻土与稻米铀含量关系4个方面研究721铀矿区稻米铀含量成因。结果表明,水稻土剖面铀含量从表层至半风化花岗质基岩层呈明显降低的特征,说明水稻土铀含量高的原因不是土壤母质铀含量高;岩石与水稻土稀土元素标准化模式均表现为向右倾斜型,均属轻稀土富集型,轻稀土分馏明显,表明水稻土为还原环境,吸附作用较强;不同河流不同河段水稻土—地表水—稻米铀含量平均值的特性均为上游最低、中游最高、下游次之。铀矿区地表水环境符合铀元素在水稻土中被平衡吸附的动力学条件,有利于铀元素在矿区内河流中游地区的水稻土中沉淀富集;正在采矿区水稻土与稻米铀含量具有高度的空间耦合性,呈指数正相关关系,相关系数0.749。矿区内河流沿岸稻米铀含量的分布特征是由铀元素的迁移途径决定的"采矿活动(铀尾矿露天堆放)→地表水→水稻土"。     

Sex hormones and metabolism of glycosaminoglycans. I. Effect of orchidectomy and administration of testosterone in rabbits

The effect of orchidectomy in male rabbits and administration of testosterone to orchidectomized animals on the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) has been studied. The response of the different GAG fractions in the aorta varies with the nature of the GAG, and in some cases is different in different segments of the aorta. Orchidectomy produced an increase in hyaluronic acid fraction, decrease in heparin sulphate fraction, and no response in the chondroitin sulphate A fraction in the aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. Chondroitin sulphate C and chondroitin sulphate B fractions decreased only in the abdominal aorta and were not significantly altered in the other two segments, while heparin fraction decreased only in the thoracic aorta and was not affected in the other segments. Administration of testosterone to the orchidectomized animals counteracted these changes in the aortic GAG fractures. The enzymes concerned with the synthesis of precursors of GAG--L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, UDPG dehydrogenase, and UDPG pyrophosphorylase-- all decreased in the orchidectomized animals; testosterone administration increased their activity in the orchidectomized animals. Enzymes concerned with degradation of GAG--beta-glucuronidase, beta-hexosaminidase, aryl sulphatase, cathepsin, and hyaluronidase--increased in the orchidectomized and decreased on administration of testosterone. Concentration of PAPS and activity of sulphate-activating system and sulphotransferase also decreased in the orchidectomized animals, and testosterone administration tended to restore this decrease to normal levels.     

Effects of niacin deficiency on the levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities in various tissues of Japanese quail

The effects of niacin deficiency on the levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities of Japanese quail have been investigated. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that in the pectoral muscle the soluble proteins with molecular masses corresponding to 181, 128, 93, 76, 72, 62, 56, 43, 41, 28 and 20 kDa were present in lower amounts but those of 60, 50 and 37 kDa were present in higher amounts. In the heart the soluble proteins with a molecular mass of 181 kDa were present in lower amounts and in the brain those of 43 kDa were present in lower amounts but those of 221 kDa were present in higher amounts. In the intestine the soluble proteins with molecular masses corresponding to 181, 102, 83, 74, 72, 44 and 40 kDa were present in lower amounts but those of 41 kDa and 18 kDa were present in higher amounts. There was a marked reduction in the level of NAD and NADPH in the pectoral muscle of niacin deficient quail but not in other tissues. The specific activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased markedly both in the liver and pectoral muscle of niacin deficient quail whereas that of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme decreased markedly in the liver or pectoral muscle, respectively. In contrast, the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase and carboxypeptidase increased markedly in the liver or the pectoral muscle, respectively. The results suggest that a severe niacin deficiency exerted specific effects on levels of some soluble proteins particularly in the pectoral muscle and intestine and on activities of certain enzymes in the liver and the pectoral muscle.     

Oral manifestations of sarcoidosis

OBJECTIVE: To report two new cases of sarcoidosis of the buccal mucosa and to analyze the literature on oral manifestations of sarcoidosis. STUDY DESIGN: Oral lesions with histologic features of sarcoidosis were analyzed according to their location and appearance. RESULTS: Analysis of 45 cases of oral sarcoidosis (43 from the literature and the 2 new presented cases) revealed 12 lesions in the jaws, 10 in the buccal mucosa, 6 in the gingiva, 5 in the lips, 5 in the floor of the mouth, 4 in the tongue, and 3 in the palate. Sarcoidosis in the jaw was located in the alveolar bone and presented as an ill-defined radiolucency. Submucosal nodules were observed in sarcoidosis affecting the buccal mucosa, palate, and lip. Swelling was the main manifestation in the gingiva. In the floor of the mouth, sarcoidosis presented as ranula and that of the tongue as induration. In most of the cases, the lesions in the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and tongue were the first clinical manifestation of the disease. CONCLUSION: Oral sarcoidosis lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral soft tissue swellings and jaw lesions.     

Alterations of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage to macromolecules in different organs of rats during aging

Oxygen free radicals have been hypothesized to play an important role in the aging process. To investigate the correlation between the oxidative stress and aging, we have determined the levels of oxidative protein damage and lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the brain, liver, heart, kidney, and serum from the Fisher 344 rats at ages of 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The results showed that the level of oxidative protein damage (measured as carbonyl content) in the brain and liver was significantly higher in older animals than in young animals. No statistical difference was observed in the lipid peroxidation of the liver and brain between young and old animals. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in most tissues displayed an age-dependent decline. Superoxide dismutases in the heart, kidney, and serum, glutathione peroxidase activities in the serum and kidney, and catalase activities in the brain, liver, and kidney, significantly decreased during aging. Cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme involved in electron transport in mitochondria, initially increased, but subsequently decreased in the aged brain, whereas no significant alteration was observed in the liver mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. The present studies suggest that the accumulation of oxidized proteins during aging is most likely to be linked with an age-related decline of antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas lipid peroxidation is less sensitive to predict the aging process.     

Developmental and ageing changes in aminopeptidase activities in selected tissues of the rat

Aminopeptidase activities, assayed as arylamidase activities, were investigated in selected tissues of 1, 6, 12 and 24-month-old rats. The enzyme activities were found to have a heterogeneous distribution and age-related changes were observed. The highest levels of soluble arginyl-aminopeptidase activity were detected in brain homogenate at all the studied ages, whereas membrane-bound activity presented the highest levels in brain and kidney in the four ages tested. Aspartyl-aminopeptidase activity was detected mainly in the particulate fraction of kidney at all four ages. In 1, 6 and 12-month-old animals, soluble aspartyl-aminopeptidase activity was also higher in the kidney than in the rest of the tissues, whereas in the group of 2-year-old rats, the highest levels were found in both kidney and liver. Age-related changes were observed in all the studied tissues and for all the assayed enzymatic activities. In general, the maximal levels were detected in both the youngest and the oldest animals, and the minimal ones in 6 and 12-month-old rats. However, in the adrenals, the soluble and membrane-bound arginyl-aminopeptidase activity was higher in 6-month and 2-year-old rats than in 1-month and 12-month-old rats. These changes may reflect the functional status of the susceptible endogenous substrates of aminopeptidases.     

Cortical projections of the parvocellular laminae C of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the cat: an anterograde wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase study

The areal and laminar distributions of the projection from the parvocellular part of laminae C of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (Cparv) were studied in visual cortical areas of the cat with the anterograde tracing method by using wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. A particular objective of this study was to examine the central visual pathways of the W-cell system, the precise organization of which is still unknown. Because the Cparv in the cat is said to receive W-cell information exclusively from the retina and the superior colliculus, the results obtained would provide an anatomical substrate for the W-cell system organization in mammals. The results show that the cortical targets of the Cparv are areas 17, 18, 19, 20a, and 21a and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) and ventral lateral suprasylvian(VLS) areas. In area 17, the projection fibers terminate in the superficial half of layer I; the lower two-thirds of layer III, extending to the superficial part of layer IV; and the deep part of layer IV, involving layer Va. These terminations form triple bands in area 17. The projection terminals in layer I are continuous, whereas those in layers III, IV, and Va distribute periodically, exhibiting a patchy appearance. In areas 18 and 19, the projection fibers terminate in the superficial half of layer I and in the full portions of layers III and IV, forming double bands. In these areas, the terminals in layer I are continuous, whereas those in layers III and IV distribute periodically, exhibiting a patchy appearance. In area 20a, area 21a, PMLS, and VLS, projection fibers terminate in the superficial part of layer I, in part of layer III, and in the full portion of layer IV, although they are far fewer in number than those seen in areas 17, 18, and 19. The present results demonstrate that the Cparv fibers terminate in a localized fashion in both the striate and the extrastriate cortical areas and that these W-cell projections are quite unique in their areal and laminar organization compared with the X- and Y-cell systems.