关于活性染料及分散染料色牢度几个热点问题的探讨

由于纺织品服装的染色牢度要求越来越高，特别是活性染料浅色染色物的耐晒牢度和深浓色织物的水洗牢度和湿摩擦牢度；分散染料染色物热迁移牢度等，成为提高纺织品服装质量的瓶颈，引起广泛关注的热点问题。本文就染料选用、助剂开发及染料加工工艺合理化进行详细探讨，给出解决办法。有15篇参考文献。     

纺织印染助剂发展概况(续完)

二、固色剂阴离子染料虽然色谱齐全,色光比较鲜艳,但湿处理牢度常常不够满意。为了提高牢度而采用了相应特殊助剂。我们把能防止织物上染料掉色而使用的助剂称之为固色剂。为了提高染色织物的湿牢度,可以在染浴中添加助刑或在染色之后进行后处理。现行的简便方法是用阳离子化合物处理法或辅以金属盐拼用法。总之,固色剂的作用是使染料或结合成不牢固的染料盐(不溶于水),或使染料分子增大而难溶于水,借以提高染料的固色效果,使染色织物的牢度部分地得到改善。值得注意的是,使用固色剂处理后有使染     

关于活性染料及分散染料色牢度的几个热点问题探讨（二）

该文以活性染料及分散染料所涉及的最为敏感,印染行业最为关心并难以解决的有关色牢度进行探讨.例如活性染料浅色印染织物的日晒牢度,深浓色织物的水洗牢度和湿摩擦牢度;分散染料的染后热迁移造成的牢度下降.解决这些问题涉及褪色机理与染料分子结构的关系、染料和助剂的开发和应用、印染工艺合理化等.     

关于活性染料及分散染料色牢度的几个热点问题探讨（一）

该文以活性染料及分散染料所涉及的最为敏感,印染行业最为关心并难以解决的有关色牢度进行探讨.例如活性染料浅色印染织物的日晒牢度,深浓色织物的水洗牢度和湿摩擦牢度;分散染料的染后热迁移造成的牢度下降.解决这些问题涉及褪色机理与染料分子结构的关系、染料和助剂的开发和应用、印染工艺合理化等.     

噻吩型偶氮分散染料的合成与应用性能研究

合成了六只蓝色噻吩型偶氮分散染料,并测试了染料的应用性能.讨论了染料的湿处理牢度等应用性能与染料分子结构的关系.结果表明,合成的六只分散染料具有良好的湿处理牢度、耐摩擦牢度及耐升华牢度;重氮组份相同时,偶合组分上带酯基结构的染料,其湿处理牢度优于带有乙酰氧乙基的染料.     

耐摩擦牢度提升剂在亚麻织物染色中的应用

本文研究了耐摩擦牢度提升剂在亚麻染色织物上的应用特点,分析了耐摩擦牢度提升剂用量、焙烘温度、染料浓度三个主要影响因素对干、湿摩擦牢度的影响。实践证明,在不影响亚麻织物手感和服用性能的情况下,使用耐摩擦牢度提升剂能使织物干、湿摩擦牢度等级提高1级。最佳的工艺参数:耐摩擦牢度提升剂用量40 g/L,染料浓度2%,焙烘温度120℃。     

新型毛用活性黄色染料

汽巴精化新推出一只毛用黄色活性染料,商品名为Lanasol Golden Yellow CE,据称该染料特别适用于染深色,可替代媒染染料,具有良好的竭染率和固色率,以及优异的湿牢度。高耐光牢度和良好的重现性。     

国外消息

科莱恩公司新活性染料科莱恩公司新推出一系列Drimarene牌号活性染料: Drimarene红HF—G,双活性基活性染料,用于纤维素纤维竭染工艺。主要用作三原色染料,Drimarene红HF—G不含AOX和金属。该染料具有很好的固色率,耐水洗牢度,过程可靠性和重现性。 Drimarene棕HF-2RL,第一只不含金属的棕色染料,适用于纤维素纤维的竭染和连续染色。该染料为红棕色,具有很高的耐光牢度,可用作耐光三原色染料。主要性能是不含AOX和金属、较高的耐湿牢度,优异的干和湿耐光牢度。     

偶氮型分散染料结构与应用性能关系的研究

以2—氨基—3,5—二硝基噻吩和3—硝基—4—氨基笨甲酸甲酯为重氮组分,与不同的偶合组分偶合,合成了12只分散染料。测试了合成的染料和参比商品染料的应用性能。结果表明,合成的12只分散染料均具有良好的湿处理牢度、耐摩擦牢度及耐升华牢度,且优于参比商品染料。重氮组份相同时,偶合组分上带有双酯结构的染料,其湿处理牢度好于带有双乙酰氧乙基的染料。     

提高KE型活性染料固色率的研究

本文叙述了采用ＫＥ型活性染料染色后，使吸附在纤维上已键合和未键合的染料与阳离子固色剂发生反应，达到染料、纤维素、固色剂三者形成特殊键合，可进一步提高染料固色率，获得更高的湿牢度。     

活性染料及其真丝绸印染工艺探讨

研究了活性染料对丝绸进行染色和印花的工艺，提高了丝绸染色产品的色牢度、染深性、得色量和提升力。优选了酸浴法、中性浴法和碱浴法染色工艺条件以及印花工艺条件。指出一氟三嗪活性基优于一氯三嗪活性基，双活性基优于单活性基。国产活性染料应在溶解度、配套助剂、染料筛选等应用方面要加强研究。     

A study of novel bisazo reactive red dyes with good wet fastness

Three series of bisazo reactive red dyes were synthesised using 6‐amino‐1‐naphthol‐3‐sulphonic acid and its derivatives as the coupling components. The dyeing parameters and wash fastness of these dyes on knitted cotton were evaluated and the relationships between the structure and dyeing properties were investigated. It was found that the hydrophilic groups introduced into the dye molecules decrease the substantivity and fixation of the dyes, but increase the build‐up and migration properties. The defined wash‐off factor can directly reflect the wash fastness of the dyes and the build‐up property can be improved by commercialisation using certain auxiliaries. The results indicate that there is the possibility of synthesising a red reactive dye with a satisfying balance between high fixation and good wash fastness and several such dyes have been developed.     

影响活性染料染色织物的日晒牢度因素分析

本文简要阐述了染料光化学褪色的基本原理,由此分析了影响活性染料染色织物日晒牢度各因素并提出了相应的改进措施,对实际生产具有一定的指导意义。     

Photofading of reactive dyes on silk and cotton: effect of dye—fibre interactions

Fading characteristics of selected bifunctional and monofunctional reactive dyes have been studied on silk and cotton. Dyes were applied in the reactive and hydrolysed forms in order to study the influence of covalent bonding on the photofading of reactive dyes. The active dye-fibre interaction was found to influence the light fastness of dyes. Reactive dyes forming covalent bonds exhibited better fastness especially on cotton. Only a slight difference in light fastness of fixed and unfixed dyes was observed in the case of silk. The bifunctional reactive dyes, due to the formation of crosslinks, maintain the integrity of the fibre particularly for short periods of light exposure.     

Fading of azo reactive dyes by perspiration and light

The fastness of azo reactive dyes on cellulose in a combined perspiration and light test was investigated, and compared with the results obtained in a conventional light fastness test. Whereas reactive dyes containing an H-or K-acid azo chromophore performed better in the conventional light fastness test, reactive dyes of the J-or γ-acid type exhibited a higher fastness in the combined test. The results suggest that testing under combined perspiration and light conditions involves a photoreduction mechanism, but a photo-oxidation mechanism operates when dyed fabrics fade under light only.     

深色活性染料的近期进展

讨论了深色活性染料的发展现状,指出今后进一步发展的焦点在于提高活性深黑的固色率和改进活性深红的湿处理牢度,对目前存在的问题提出了改进措施。     

活性染料用于拉细羊毛染色的研究

研究了四类活性染料染拉细羊毛的工艺条件和十二个染色配方。与媒介染料相比，用活性染料对拉细羊毛染色可获得更好的效果。染料的溶解度、匀染性、上色率、固色率均好于媒介染料，颜色的批差小。研究结果表明：除煮呢沾色牢度外，染色羊毛的各项牢度均优于媒介染料。     

高日晒活性染料的研究进展

纺织品染色牢度已成为重要的质量问题,耐日晒牢度是纺织品的一个重要的性能指标。文章回顾了不同染料母体结构的发展历史,分析了活性染料结构、染色浓度、染料助剂对棉织物耐光色牢度的影响,并从染料及活性基的选择、染后整理等方面提出了改进措施。     

Recent developments in the optimised dyeing of cellulose using reactive dyes

To obtain the optimum conditions for dyeing cellulosic fibre with reactive dyes, it is necessary to find out how dyeing results depend upon the properties of the dyes and the fibres. The relationships between the rates of dyeing, dyeing equilibria, types of dye and additions of auxiliaries are important. Based on data that are already available or easy to acquire, it is possible to control the pH of the dyebath and the addition of auxiliaries to obtain optimum exhaustion and fixation for each reactive dye. The advantages to be gained are shorter dyeing times, better dyeing reproducibility and better levelness.