基于对象的分布式实时系统调度模型研究

为了解决分布式实时系统有关分配和调度等问题，给出并用形式化方法描述了一种基于对象分布式实时系统调度的通用模型。该模型包括表示时限的绝对时间约束，表示周期属性的周期约束，表示各种前趋关系和同步要求的相对时间约束以及保证资源使用一致性的一致性约束，此外该模型克服了以往模型不能在应用系统的逻辑和功能部件上描述系统实时的约束的不足，允许从方法和活动上描述所需的约束，降低了单一约束描述的繁杂程度，为了能够使用现有调度算法进行任务调度，讨论了约束转换的问题，给出了高层约束到底层约束的转换规则和相应的转换算法。     

基于对象分布式实时系统约束的一致性研究

在分布式实时系统中,时间约束规格的一致性是解决任务分配和调度等关键问题的必要前提。该文给出了一种基于对象分布式实时系统调度的通用模型,并对该模型进行了形式化描述。该模型克服了以往模型不能在应用系统的逻辑和功能部件上描述系统实时约束的不足,允许从方法和活动上描述所需的约束,降低了单一约束描述的繁杂程度。为了解决使用该模型进行约束规格的一致性问题,该文给出了绝对时间约束、相对时间约束、一致性约束以及相对时间约束和一致性约束之间的一致性判定的必要条件。     

微处理器随机测试程序生成器

CRTPG(Constraint-based Random Test Program Generator)是一个基于约束的随机测试程序生成器。它采用约束满足(Constraint Satisfaction)的方法来产生满足不同测试需求的随机测试程序，用于微处理器的功能验证。详尽描述了CRTPG的结构和基于约束的随机测试程序生成方法，特别是利用分层的CSP约束网络实现了程序结构的控制。     

角色约束模型及其在软件模式实现中的应用

在已有的角色约束描述方法的基础上,对角色约束进行了分类,提出了一个结构化的角色约束模型SRCM及形式化方法,分析了模型中角色约束间的关联,并介绍了角色约束在建模中的应用实例。使用该结构化的角色约束模型不仅可以更完整地描述角色约束,而且可以使角色约束的描述更加清晰,有助于设计者实现角色的分配及组合,有利于角色模型的实现。     

基于语义扩展的空间信息服务描述模型

空间信息服务是Web服务在空间信息领域的应用,其元数据信息通常采用Web服务描述语言( WSDL)规范描述。然而,WSDL规范着重描述服务元数据的语法形态而欠缺语义描述,着重描述服务的功能特性而欠缺使用细节描述,尤其缺乏针对空间信息服务的约束表达,导致空间信息服务难以使用和推广,降低了用户体验。针对这种情况,提出一种基于WSDL语义扩展的轻量级空间信息服务描述模型。该模型在WSDL规范的基础上,针对常见的空间信息服务处理数据类型,扩展其语义描述和约束定义,丰富空间信息服务的描述信息,辅助空间信息服务的使用。在模型的基础上,设计了空间信息服务的使用方法,并在空间信息服务链可视化建模平台GeoChaining中进行了实验验证,不仅提高了空间信息服务的执行成功率,还降低了空间信息服务的使用难度。     

RBAC模型时间约束的OCL描述

基于角色的访问控制模型以其灵活性、方便性和安全性在许多系统的权限管理中得到普遍应用,而引入时间约束后的角色访问控制更能增强系统的安全性和模型的描述能力。该文使用对象约束语言OCL来描述模型中的时间约束,使模型更加直观和精确。     

基于UML的模具企业动态联盟框架设计

单个模具企业设计与生产能力不足问题的解决途径是建立动态联盟,而动态联盟建立过程的关键是系统模型.因此,采用UML统一建模语言设计了一个模具企业动态联盟框架模型.系统结构为分层结构;系统功能包括基本信息管理、加盟企业信息管理、生产信息管理、分析控制管理.系统的静态模型使用静态结构图、组件图和用例图描述,系统的动态模型使用序列图、活动图等描述,数据库模型使用类图描述,并给出了模具企业动态联盟各成员与市场机遇目标的依赖关系.     

自治型网络信息服务的建模

自治服务是网络信息服务的新的需求，它使人机交互变得更加智能．为此提出了基于情景演算的自治型网络信息服务的建模方法．在标准的情景演算基础上，增加了对有效性约束常识的描述，建立了情景演算的分层知识库表示，将抽象的数学描述转化为较直观的描述模型；还设计了一种基于XML的情景演算建模语言ScML，以结构化文本脚本的形式描述了实际的应用需求并利用XML Schema实现了ScML的语法约束，利用XMLXSL卖现了从ScML脚本到Java代码的生成；最后给出日程管理服务的例子．     

LONWORKS现场总线的通讯协议──LonTalk协议的功能与结构

本文介绍了LONWORKS现场总线及其所使用的通讯协议──LonTalk协议的分层结构，并对其功能和结构进行了分析和描述。     

基于角色访问控制模型约束的OCL描述

基于角色的访问控制模型(RBAC)凭借其灵活的授权机制、强大的管理功能和完善的安全策略越来越引起人们的研究兴趣,随着研究的不断深入,面向对象的研究方法也逐渐应用到这个模型中,促进了它的迅速发展。UML作为一种强大的建模语言,不只是局限于支持面向对象的分析与设计,还支持从需求分析开始的软件开发的全过程,通过UML的描述可以使理论模型更加直观地应用到实际系统开发。该文使用UML的对象约束语言(OCL)来描述RBAC中的相关约束,使约束描述更加标准化,更有利于系统开发人员对模型的理解和促进RBAC模型的系统开发。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.