低环境负荷水泥配料专家系统的设计与实现

低环境负荷水泥配料专家系统是专家系统技术在水泥工程上的应用。本文重点讨论了低环境负荷水泥配料专家系统中知识获取和表示、推理机等专家系统的核心技术。在知识表示上，采用了产生式、语义网络、框架多种方式相结合的表示方法；在推理机的实现过程中，采用正向推理和逆向推理策略。     

基于神经网络专家系统的电机智能CAD研究

应用专家系统进行电机智能ＣＡＤ，存在着知识获取瓶颈和推理过程中的匹配冲突、组合爆炸、无穷递归等问题。本文研究了神经网络专家系统的基本原理，即知识的神经网络表示方法、推理机制和知识获取。针对电机设计的特点，提出了一种智能ＣＡＤ神经网络专家系统的结构。     

时序推理机的设计与应用

早期的专家系统开发工具仅仅提供了一种基于规则的知识表示方法，这种方法简单且推理能力很有限，开发者在选择知识表示的元基、搜索策略、专用推理机时感到困难。新一代组合式专家系统开发工具（opieExpertSyste。Tool）在功能、性能、用户接口。推理和效率等方面都比以往的专家系统开发工具有了很大提高，并且引入了时序推理机制。我们研制的发电机故障诊断专家系统13CTD（风邪rts｝stemforGenebongsetTIDubeDiopod吧）是用组合式专家系统开发工具作为开发平台，MGTD其主要特点有：（l）具有三个窗口：会话窗口、推理路径窗口及显示…     

基于浅层知识和深层知识推理的故障诊断专家系统工具

以专家系统和诊断问题求解为基础，建立了基于浅层知识和深层知识推理相结合的故障诊断专家系统工具。文中论述了工具的结构、知识表示、参数设计、推理机制、黑板控制、学习机制和其它支持环境。     

一种模糊矩阵并行推理算法及其应用

针对高炉专家系统知识库和推理机的特点，采用模糊集理论中的隶属函数的方法实现了知识的模糊矩阵表示和推理，提出了一种基于模糊矩阵的并行推理算法，提高了高炉专家系统的推理效率     

模糊Petri网及知识表示

在建造专家系统中虽然有很多种知识表示方法，但都有不尽人意的地方，本文试图用一种新的方法－Ｐｅｔｒｉ网模型来表示知识。本文给出了Ｆｕｚｚｚｙ Ｐｅｔｒｉ网和广义Ｆｕｚｚｙ Ｐｅｔｒｉ网两种模型，并给出了相应的推理算法，一旦专家知识用Ｐｅｔｒｉ网表示后，根据Ｐｅｔｒｉ网固有的特性，我们就能处理专家系统中并行推理、无回溯推理，反向推理等问题。     

远程液压专家系统的研制

根据工程机械液压系统工况特点，设计了远程液压专家系统。介绍了专家系统的总体结构，并着重论述了该专家系统的知识库的构成及其内部的推理机制。系统利用了Web数据库及网页编程的技术特点，充分发挥Internet收集、共享知识和数据的优势，改善了诊断专家系统的性能和扩展增强了系统的诊断功能。在专家系统的内部推理机制上利用了专家系统的正向推理及深度优先的搜索方式。将系统运用到某工程机械的摊铺机液压系统的故障诊断中，收到了很好的效果。     

面向对象的农产量预测专家系统设计与实现

本文介绍了用面向对象方法建造农产量预测专家系统的过程。提出了知识表示与推理机制不可分割，并且作了论述，证明向对象方法适合建造专家系统。在此基础上，讨论了面向对象的知识获取方法及原型知识表示，较为形式化地阐明了推理机制，最后讨论了基于Ｃ＋＋的实现技术。     

基于神经网络专家系统的电机智能CAD研究

应用专家系统进行了电机智能ＣＡＤ，存在着知识获取瓶颈和推理过程中的匹配冲突，组合爆炸，无穷递归等问题。本文研究了神经网络专家的基本原理，即知识的神经网络表示方法，推理机制和知识获取。针对电机设计的特点，提出了一种智能ＣＡＤ神经网络专家系统的结构。     

专家系统中基于粗集的知识获取、更新与推理

知识获取、知识更新和不确定性推理是设计专家系统的重要方面。根据粗集理论，提出了一种专家系统的结构模型，该系统在规则获取的基础上，利用系统运行的实例增量式地更新知识库中的规则及其参数，以改善系统的性能，利用知识库中的规则及数量参数进行不确定性推理，得出结论的可信度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.