超高分子量聚乙烯纤维预辐照接枝丙烯酸甲酯

采用预辐照接枝的方法研究了丙烯酸甲酯（MA）单体在超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维表面的接枝聚合反应。考察了吸收剂量、单体浓度、接枝聚合反应温度对接枝率的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维接枝MA的接枝率较高,最高可达约151％,接枝率随吸收剂量、单体浓度、反应温度升’高而增加。用红外光谱法分析了接枝前后纤维官能团的变化,通过扫描电镜观察了接枝前后纤维表面的形貌。     

HDPE辐照接枝AA与SSS体系阻聚剂用量对接枝率的影响

考察了预、共辐照两种接枝方法中阻聚剂硫酸铜和摩尔盐对接枝率的影响规律。发现不同接枝方法的阻聚剂硫酸铜和摩尔盐对接枝率有着不同的影响规律。共辐照接枝体系中加入相同量的阻聚剂时,摩尔盐的阻聚效果明显弱于硫酸铜。空气气氛预辐照接枝时,较高反应温度下接枝率随摩尔盐用量的增加呈下降趋势,而反应温度较低时,随着摩尔盐用量的增加接枝率先升高,出现峰值后又降低。这是因为在摩尔盐的催化下,过氧化物可以在较低的温度下分解产生烷基自由基,从而引发接枝反应。     

^60Coγ射线预辐照制备淀粉—丙烯酰烷接枝物

采用预辐照的方法研究了淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝反应,制备出了淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝物;采用元素分析法测量了接枝率。对预辐照接枝反应的一些影响因素,如吸收剂量、反应温度、反应时间、阻聚剂及辐照后效应也进行了研究,并获得了相关结果。淀粉预辐照的吸收剂量约１０ｋＧｙ,辐照后１０ｍｉｎ内在２５～３０℃下进行接枝可以获得８０％以上的接枝率。     

尼龙-66滤膜电子束预辐照接枝丙烯酸的研究

采用电子束预辐照接枝法,以水为溶剂,硫酸铜为阻聚剂,将丙烯酸接枝到尼龙-66滤膜上面。探讨电子束吸收剂量、丙烯酸单体浓度、接枝时间和反应温度对滤膜接枝率的影响。对不同接枝率的滤膜进行吸水性测试,并利用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪对接枝前后的滤膜进行表征。结果表明:丙烯酸成功接枝到尼龙-66滤膜表面,接枝后样品表面孔洞减少,表面粗糙度增加;接枝率随着吸收剂量、丙烯酸单体浓度、接枝时间和反应温度的增加而增大,而后渐渐趋于平缓;接枝后的滤膜吸水率有很大的提高。     

辐照接枝改性涤纶织物的亲水性能

利用电子束辐照接枝的方法将丙烯酸(Acrylic acid,AA)单体接枝到涤纶织物上来改善其亲水性。通过改变吸收剂量、接枝单体浓度、阻聚剂浓度、预辐照的吸收剂量以及前处理氢氧化钠浓度等影响因素来获得具有不同接枝率的改性涤纶织物。优化的反应条件:吸收剂量为195 k Gy、AA浓度为50%、阻聚剂(Fe SO4?7H2O)浓度为0.8%、预辐照的吸收剂量为43 k Gy、前处理Na OH浓度为15 g/L。傅里叶红外光谱证明AA已接枝成功;扫描电子显微镜分析表明改性涤纶织物的表面具有覆盖物,且随着接枝率的增大,其覆盖物明显增多;回潮率测试结果表明,改性涤纶的回潮率随接枝率的增加而逐渐增大,当接枝率达到最大值27.84%时,改性涤纶的回潮率可达3.51%。涤纶织物经30次洗涤后减重率仅1%左右,说明接枝牢度优异。     

60Coγ射线预辐照制备淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝物

采用预辐照的方法研究了淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝反应,制备出了淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝物;采用元素分析法测量了接枝率.对预辐照接枝反应的一些影响因素,如吸收剂量、反应温度、反应时间、阻聚剂及辐照后效应也进行了研究,并获得了相关结果.淀粉预辐照的吸收剂量约10kGy,辐照后10min内在2530C下进行接枝可以获得80%以上的接枝率.     

γ共辐射接枝丙烯酸改善聚醚砜粉体亲水性的研究

利用γ射线共照射技术在聚醚砜（Polyethersulfone,PES）粉体上按枝了丙烯酸。研究了丙烯酸单体体积分数、接枝溶液pH值、吸收剂量、阻聚剂（Cu^2＋）浓度等对接枝率的影响规律。通过与称重法相结合,得到了利用红外光谱对接枝率进行定量分析的工作曲线。研究结果表明,当吸收剂量为25kGy、单体体积分数为30％、阻聚剂用量为0．004mol／L时,可以获得最高的接枝率。接枝溶液中盐酸的添加有利于提高接枝率。提高接枝率有助于改善PES的亲水性。     

聚四氟乙烯微粉预辐照接枝丙烯酸的研究

采用预辐照法对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粉进行接枝丙烯酸改性,以改善微粉在水溶液中的分散性.研究了丙烯酸体积分数、适量浓H2SO4的添加、阻聚剂质量浓度、反应时间等因素对接枝率的影响.结果表明,接枝率随着丙烯酸体积分数(在50%以内)增加而单调递增;适量浓H2SO4能增强阻聚剂的阻聚效果,提高接枝率;在本实验条件下,阻聚荆最佳质量浓度为0.8 g/L;反应在3 h后接枝率即可达饱和.当丙烯酸在PTFE微粉上的接枝率达到10%以上时,改性PTFE微粉在氢氧化钠溶液中可达到均匀分散.     

温敏NIPAAm在硅橡胶膜上共辐射接枝及接枝膜性质研究

采用共辐射方式将ＰＮＩＰＡＡｍ接枝到硅橡胶上,结果表明在实验条件下,随吸收剂量的增加（到４０ｋＧｙ）,接枝率增加;但随剂量率的增加（５０￣５００Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ）,接枝率反而下降。此接枝反应可以在空气中进行,但有一个明显的诱导期。增大单体的浓度和加入少量无机酸也能提高接枝率。接枝后,膜表面也表现出温度敏感性,其ＬＣＳＴ接近３５℃（ＤＳＣ）,所以在不同温度下（低于或高于ＬＣＳＴ）,它在水中的溶胀程度有明     

螯合纤维的制备-聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维(PVF)的改性

研究了以电子束预辐射处理聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维[Poly（Vinyl formal）Fiber,PVF]后接枝丙烯腈（Acrylonitrile,AN）,并对该接枝共聚物进行胺肟化,得到一种含胺肟基的新型螫合纤维[Amidoxime Poly（Vinyl Formal）Fiber,AOPVF]。[Poly（Vinyl formal）Fiber,PVF]接枝丙烯腈（Aerylonitrile,AN）最佳实验参数：反应温度70℃、反应1h、吸收剂量300kGy;硫酸0.05mol／L;摩尔盐0．1w％;丙烯腈10％。傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FT-IR）对这种新型螫合纤维进行了表征并讨论了聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维接枝丙烯腈[Poly（vinyl formal）Fiber graftacrylonitrile,PVF-g-AN]的接枝率随诸多因素的变化规律。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.