超级双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐蚀性能

通过SEM和EDS研究了采用不同焊接工艺后超级双相不锈钢UNSS32750焊接接头的两相比例及成分变化,并采用临界点蚀温度和浓硝酸法测试比较了不同焊接工艺接头的耐点蚀和晶间腐蚀性能.结果表明,焊接中较高的热输入、加填焊丝和背面采用氮气保护焊的方法可以稳定焊接接头中的奥氏体相的比例,并且较高的热输入,使得焊接接头冷却速度相对较慢,有助于铬的扩散而消除晶界贫铬现象,减小晶间腐蚀倾向;而与此相反的是较高的热输入,会导致两相中元素分配不均衡使铁素体相优先发生腐蚀,从而恶化材料的整体耐点蚀性能.     

双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐蚀性研究

综述了双相不锈钢的焊接接头的耐蚀性研究进展及采用的研究方法和已取得的成果。主要介绍了双相不锈钢在焊接过程中,不同的热处理方式、不同的焊接工艺给双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐蚀性带来的影响。结果表明,采用合适的输入热能量、多层焊接、Ar＋2％N2混合保护气、手工电弧焊（SMAW）和钨极氩弧焊（TIG）相配合,可以使得焊接接头具有优良的耐蚀性能。     

双相不锈钢焊接接头疲劳强度

试验对SAF2205双相不锈钢纵向角接板焊接接头的疲劳强度进行了研究，用有限元计算热点应力集中系数，分别得出了名义应力和热点应力疲劳S-N曲线；用国际焊接学会推荐的方法进行统计处理，并和相同接头形式结构钢的疲劳强度进行了比较。试验表明，双相不锈钢纵向角接板焊接接头名义应力疲劳强度试验结果为FAT136，热点应力疲劳强度试验结果为FAT163，高于相同接头形式结构钢的疲劳级别；双相不锈钢的静载强度级别对其疲劳强度设计级别没有明显的影响。     

2205双相不锈钢的激光-MIG复合焊接头性能

常规的高能束焊接方法因焊后冷速较快易导致双相不锈钢焊缝及热影响区两相比例失衡,接头性能恶化.采用激光-MIG复合焊接方法对2205双相不锈钢进行焊接,焊后对接头微观组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能分析发现,焊缝及热影响区铁素体相比例控制在40%～70%合理范围内,接头硬度和抗拉强度高于母材,焊缝、熔合线、热影响区的～40℃冲击...     

热处理对22Cr双相不锈钢组织和点蚀性能的影响

    研究了热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢显微组织及耐点蚀性能的影响.结果表明：析出相的存在明显降低钢的耐点蚀性能.经950℃固溶处理后,材料的临界点蚀温度(CPT)由原始状态的39℃下降到23℃;在850℃时效处理,材料的临界点蚀温度(CPT) 由1050℃固溶处理后的46℃下降到23℃;随着时效时间的延长,材料的腐蚀速率急剧增加,钝化膜的稳定性下降,材料的耐蚀性能下降.在此基础上,分析了点蚀的产生机理和发展趋势.     

双相不锈钢2304焊接接头综合性能研究

研究了双相不锈钢(2304)钨极氩弧焊、气保焊两种焊接接头的综合性能。统计了两种接头的奥氏体/铁素体比例,通过拉伸试验发现焊接接头相对母材抗拉强度较高,但塑性降低。通过化学浸泡法对接头的耐点蚀、缝隙腐蚀的性能进行评价的结果表明:在富含Cl-的酸性条件下,接头容易发生较严重的点腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀。通过电化学方法进一步对两种接头的耐蚀性进行研究,接头焊缝区耐蚀性非常优良,而热影响区耐蚀性较差,同时,钨极氩弧焊接头耐蚀性优于气保焊。对两相比例对比发现,奥氏体含量越高,耐蚀性越好。     

焊接方法对双相不锈钢焊接接头耐蚀性的影响

采用气体保护钨极氩弧焊（GTAW）、焊条电弧焊（SMAW）和埋弧焊（SAW）对2205双相不锈钢进行焊接,采用光学显微镜对接头组织进行观察,采用数点法计算铁素体相的含量,测定接头的耐点蚀和耐CO2应力腐蚀性能,研究焊接方法对接头耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,焊接方法影响焊缝组织形态及铁素体含量。GTAW焊缝由不规则的条状组织和两相交织分布的块状组织组成,而SMAW和SAW焊缝为方位不一的条状组织和少量的块状组织。GTAW和SMAW焊缝的铁素体含量为35％～55％,而SAW的不足20％。接头的耐蚀性与铁素体相比例密切相关,GTAW、SMAW和SAW的耐蚀性依次降低。从铁素体相比例和耐蚀性角度考虑,GTAW和SMAW能够获得满意的焊接接头。     

Cr2N沉淀相对2101双相不锈钢焊接接头综合性能的影响

对经济型2101双相不锈钢焊接接头1050℃固溶后在700℃进行不同保温时间的时效处理.采用光学显微镜、SEM和TEM观察接头各区域的组织演变,对接头进行低温冲击试验和动电位极化腐蚀试验.结果表明,1050℃固溶处理改善了接头的组织和性能;700℃时效处理后焊缝和HAZ析出Cr₂N沉淀相,随着时效时间延长,沉淀相长大,数量变多并向铁素体内部生长,使接头冲击韧性降低,断口由塑性断裂的韧窝状转变为脆性断裂的解理状;固溶处理试样点蚀发生在铁素体内部,时效处理后点蚀发生在Cr₂N周围的二次奥氏体区,时效时间越长,接头的抗点蚀能力越差.Cr₂N的析出对接头焊缝区的影响最为显著.     

焊条电弧焊对2205双相不锈钢焊接接头综合性能影响的研究

采用焊条电弧焊焊接工艺方法焊接2205双相不锈钢,研究了焊条电弧焊对2205双相不锈钢焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响,同时研究了E2209焊条熔敷金属的抗腐蚀性能.研究结果表明:E2209焊条熔敷金属具有优良的抗腐蚀性能;采用适当的焊接热输入,可获得具有合理相比例并且力学性能优良的接头.     

双相不锈钢焊接接头疲劳评定体积法

应用体积法对SAF2205双相不锈钢两种不同形式的焊接接头疲劳强度进行了评定研究，对该方法的适用性和有限元计算过程影响因素进行了分析讨论。结果表明，对焊态焊接接头，体积法局部平均应力△σave|Ω参量为具有一定普遍意义的疲劳控制参量，对于讨论的两种接头，由△σave|Ω表示的焊接接头疲劳强度与接头形式无关；对SAF2205双相不锈钢两种不同形式焊接接头，其局部疲劳强度△σave|Ω=411.3MPa；采用体积法进行疲劳评定时，为得到合理的评定结果，应选取最小单元尺寸emin≤0．14mm进行计算。上述结果为简化焊接接头疲劳评定提供重要依据。     

Microstructure and properties of SAF2507 superduplex stainless steel welded joints

SAF2507 plates （ 12 mm thickness ） were welded using shield metal arc welding （SMAW） process with E2594 electrode. The microstructure, o-phase, and impact fraetograph of the welded joints were analyzed using optical microscope and scanning electron mieroseope. The results show that the fusion zone consists of ferrite, chromium nitride, and secondary aastenite precipitation when welding is performed at low heat input （0. 5 kJ/mm）. However, the increase in heat input causes precipitation of brittle o＂ phase at the y/c~ interface in weld metal and heat-affected zone, as well as a brittle fracture along the grain boundary. Heat input in the range of O. 5 kJ/mm to 1.5 kJ/mm is suitable for joining SAF2507 plates.     

Corrosion resistance of low‐nickel duplex stainless steel rebars

The use of stainless steel bars in reinforced concrete structures may be an effective method to prevent corrosion in aggressive environments where high amounts of chlorides may penetrate in the concrete cover. For an estimation of the service life of structures where stainless steel bars are used, the chloride threshold for these rebars should be defined, and the influence of chemical composition and metallurgical factors that may affect the corrosion resistance (strengthening, welding, etc.) should be assessed. To reduce the cost of stainless steel reinforcement, duplex stainless steels with low nickel content have been recently proposed as an alternative to traditional austenitic steels, even though, few results are available regarding their corrosion performance in chloride contaminated concrete. This paper deals with the corrosion resistance of low‐nickel duplex stainless steel rebars (1.4362 and 1.4162) as a function of the chloride content. Comparison is made with traditional austenitic steels. An attempt to define a chloride threshold for the different stainless steels is made by comparing the results of several test procedures both in concrete and in solution.     

Friction stir welding of duplex stainless steels

Duplex stainless steels are successful in a variety of applications such as the food industry, petrochemicals and plants for desalination of seawater, where high corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength are required. However, the beneficial microstructure may change during fusion welding steps, and it can compromise the performance of these materials. Friction stir welding is a solid-state process avoiding typical problems concerning solidification such as solidification cracks, liquation and segregation of alloying elements. Superduplex stainless steels can avoid unbalanced proportions of ferrite and austenite, formation of secondary deleterious phases and grain growth of ferrite in the heat-affected zone. Consolidated friction stir welded joints with full penetration 6 mm thick were obtained for UNS S32101 and S32205 duplex and S32750 and S32760 superduplex stainless steels. The friction stir welds were submitted to tensile tests indicating an improvement of strength in welded joints, showing increased yield and tensile strength for all studied cases. Regarding the microstructural characterization, an outstanding grain refinement was observed in the welded joint, achieving grain sizes as small as 1 μm. This refinement was associated with the combination of microstructural restoration mechanisms in the dual-phase microstructure promoted by severe deformation associated with a high temperature during the welding process.     

2205双相不锈钢焊接接头微区耐点蚀性能分析

采用光学显微镜观察了2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的组织形貌,采用自制的微电化学测试系统测量了母材、焊缝和HAZ的微区循环伏安曲线.结果表明,2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的组织为铁素体＋奥氏体,焊缝中铁素体含量约为48%,与母材相当,HAZ中铁素体平均含量高于50%;在3.5%的NaCl溶液中2205双相不锈钢焊接接头焊缝微...     

国内外双相不锈钢焊接的研究进展

主要介绍国内外双相不锈钢焊接在各个方面的研究进展.针对双相不锈钢焊接材料的开发,强调Ni和N元素在控制相平衡上的影响;介绍了国内外双相不锈钢焊接方法的最新动态,主要有埋弧焊、等离子弧焊和激光焊的改进、电阻对焊的尝试、新型双弧焊接技术的应用等;分析了奥氏体和铁素体两相比、有害析出物和氢脆对双相不锈钢焊接性的影响及解决措施;讨论了影响双相不锈钢焊接接头腐蚀性能和韧性的因素,对其影响机理进行了初步的解析;最后,进行了总结和展望.