Wave regime of filtration of suspensions

It is shown that a wave regime can exist for models of filtration of one-component and binary suspensions which take into account the formation of a deposit in stagnant and flowing regions of the porous bed. Theoretical formulas for the concentration in the solution and deposit phases are obtained.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 1035–1042, December, 1979.     

Formation of submicron of periodic structure in high-clean suspensions

Experimental studies have revealed a dependence of the dimension and texture of supramolecular crystals in clean suspensions (the concentration of inorganic admixtures in dry conglomerates less than 0.4 × 10⁻⁴ wt.%) on the width of the counter-ion layer around the submicron spherical silica particles. At pH = 7–10, the pinching-out upward of the 0.5 mm narrow crystals is determined by the interaction of the crystal structural units, which present elongated dipoles due to a great width of the counter-ion layers (χr = 2.5). At pH < 7, the enlargement of the crystals to 3 mm and the absence of the crystals pinching-out upward is reached by the narrowing of the counter-ion layer (χr = 17.6) and, as a result, a decrease of the dipole elongation of the crystal structural units.     

论包装色彩的象征性

色彩是产品包装设计的重要元素,论述了色彩的心理象征性和民俗象征性的重要作用和意义.结合具体实例,从心理联想、传统文化、民族色彩审美观、宗教色彩象征等方面,诠释了色彩在包装设计中应根据不同受众、不同环境进行设计,应利用色彩的象征性与产品主题的内在联系来赋予包装设计的美感和亲切感.     

Colors of the daytime overcast sky

Time-series measurements of daylight (skylight plus direct sunlight) spectra beneath overcast skies reveal an unexpectedly wide gamut of pastel colors. Analyses of these spectra indicate that at visible wavelengths, overcasts are far from spectrally neutral transmitters of the daylight incident on their tops. Colorimetric analyses show that overcasts make daylight bluer and that the amount of bluing increases with cloud optical depth. Simulations using the radiative-transfer model MODTRAN4 help explain the observed bluing: multiple scattering within optically thick clouds greatly enhances spectrally selective absorption by water droplets. However, other factors affecting overcast colors seen from below range from minimal (cloud-top heights) to moot (surface colors).     

瑞利方程根的研究

瑞利方程的三个根中有两个都被认为是增根,而现在随着计算技术和检测技术的发展,瑞利方程又重新有了研究价值[1].本文列出了推出瑞利波方程的各项方程,用数值方法计算在泊松比为0.44的情况下的弹性波位移场和能流.     

产品色彩的工程特性

文章主要对色彩的结构、人机工程学和美学三项功能进行分析讨论,指出在产品设计中合理运用色彩的功能不仅能改变不满意的形态,弥补造型设计中的不足,使造型更加完美,而且可以使操作者心情舒畅,有安全感和提高工作效率等;同时也能产生令人向往的产品形象.     

包装色彩对消费心理的影响

阐述了色彩的情感特征与消费者心理的关系。并通过对商品包装色彩与消费心理两者的关系分析,强调了色彩设计在包装视觉传达中的重要作用。     

专色油墨干退密度对颜色影响的研究

阐述了专色油墨的干退密度对颜色的影响,对不同专色油墨进行了实验,记录并分析了实验数据,得到了不同专色油墨的主密度、BK值和色差变化情况,找到了专色油墨干退密度和颜色的变化关系,为生产时对专色油墨的控制提供基础。     

Origin of Interference Colors on Austenitic Stainless Steel

Data are presented on the coloring conditions, colored layer parameters, and color characteristics of stainless steel 304 samples treated in an electrolytic cell (60 Hz, 100 mV) using a mixture of 5 M sulfuric acid and 2.5 M chromic acid. Reflectance spectra indicate that the samples have high-purity color mainly in the yellow region and that the color is due to interference oscillations in the visible range. In addition, reflectance data in conjunction with composition-depth profiles obtained using glow discharge spectrometry indicate that the coloration of the samples is due not only to reflectance oscillations but also to the subtraction effect. The reduced Fe content and significant oxygen content in the near-surface region attest to the formation of a mixed oxide layer. Atomic-force microscopy examination indicates that the sample surface has an island structure.     

MgAl2O4纳米透明陶瓷的制备及其透明机理

用传统合成金刚石用的六面顶压机，使用工艺简单的高温焙烧法得到的MgAl2O4纳米粉体，采用超高压烧结法分别在较低温度800-1100℃和较高压强3—5GPa下尝试进行了纳米透明陶瓷的制备，得到了平均粒径约为50—75nm的MgAl2O4纳米透明陶瓷，发现烧结陶瓷的最佳温度为1000℃，最佳压力为4GPa．样品的密度直接决定样品的透明度，粉体的性质对透明度也有很大的影响，透明陶瓷的纳米化使其在光学透过率方面具有独特优势．     

First-principles study of silicon nanowire approaching the bulk limit

First-principles density functional theory calculations on hydrogenated silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with diameters up to 7.3 nm are carried out for comparing to experimentally relevant SiNWs and evaluating its radial doping profiles. We show that the direct band gap nature of both the small diameter (110) and (100) SiNWs fades when the diameter reaches beyond about 4 nm, where the difference of direct and indirect band gaps are close, within the experimental measurement uncertainty of ±0.1 eV, suggesting the diameter size where the gap nature transition starts. In addition, we reveal that core-surface boron (B) codoped SiNW forms more preferably at large diameter than that of the surface-surface codoped one, attributing to the lower energy configuration raised by the core B dopant at large diameter SiNW. More importantly, the diameter for such a preferential transition increases as the doping concentration decreases. Our results rationalize photoluminescent measurements and radial doping distributions of SiNWs.     

爆破振动对临近尾矿坝的安全影响分析

为了探求采场爆破对临近尾矿库坝体稳定性的影响程度,进行了4次不同爆破参数采场爆破实验,并对爆破实验的振动影响进行监测。采用萨道夫斯基爆破振动经验公式计算爆破振动速度,为了得到更准确、更可靠的k、α值,对监测数据进行线性拟合,变换出适合该矿的萨道夫斯基爆破振动公式;根据该公式对不同振动速度控制标准下的起爆炸药量和最小安全距离关系进行了预测,对不同振动速度控制标准下的安全距离与允许最大起爆药量进行了估算。研究结果对矿山露天爆破最大药量和安全距离的选取具有一定的现场指导意义。     

Experimental results on radiative cooling of submicron carbon-black particles

The change in the temperature of the submicron carbon-black particles formed behind the reflected shock wave as a result of the pyrolysis of ethylene was investigated by the photoemission method. It has been established that the temperature of the carbon black substantially differs (by a value of the order of 400–600 K) from the temperature of the gas medium in which it is formed and grown. It is shown with the use of scanning electron microscopy that the average diameter of the carbon nanoclusters forming the carbon black comprises 55–30 nm at a pyrolysis temperatures of 2100–2800 K. The porosity of the primary nanoparticles is equal to 0.95–0.97.     

透明聚丙烯配方设计的研究

利用正交设计方法对透明聚丙烯(PP)的配方进行试验设计,研究了山梨醇类成核剂A、有机磷酸盐类成核剂B、无机类成核剂C和聚乙烯(PE)4种组分对PP雾度的影响.结果表明,成核剂B和成核剂A对PP雾度的影响最明显,而且4种组分对PP透明性的改善具有协同作用.当成核剂A的含量为0.3%,成核剂B的含量为0.4%,成核剂C的含量为0.15%,PE的含量为5%时,PP的雾度最低,为32.5%.     

色彩在装饰性陈设设计中的应用研究

色彩在装饰陈设设计中占有十分重要的地位,它是陈设设计的重要视觉元素.首先掌握色彩的重要特性及色彩的配置关系,色彩对陈设品形、质的关系.综合考虑色与光,色与色之间的相互关系.根据装饰陈设品的具体位置、功能、等因素提出合理的装饰性陈设的配色方案,让装饰陈设设计通过色彩等视觉元素,来传达信息与情感.     

Colors of graphene and graphene-oxide multilayers on various substrates

We investigated the colors of graphene and graphene-oxide multilayers that were deposited on various dielectric layers. In particular, the effects of the material thickness, the types of dielectric layers, and the existence of a back silicon substrate were analyzed. The colors of graphene-oxide layers on a SiO2/Si substrate were found to periodically change as the material thickness increased. However, the colors of graphene layers on the same substrate became saturated without a similar periodic change. The calculated colors corresponding to the material thicknesses were verified by optical microscopy and profilometry. We believe that these results demonstrate the possibility of utilizing color as a simple tool for detecting and estimating the thicknesses of graphene and graphene-oxide multilayers.     

不同温度亚微米粒子扩散运动的实验研究

利用Micro-PIV/PTV技术对不同温度下的方形槽内520 nm粒子的扩散运动进行了实验研究.采用PIV/PTV混合算法,计算得到了时间间隔为30 ms的相邻帧图像中示踪粒子的位移,由此计算出示踪粒子位移平方的对数分布与空间均方位移.结果表明,相同温度不同时刻粒子位移分布基本一致,粒子位移平方的对数分布于-17～-11之间,呈现类正态分布特征.粒子的空间均方位移值随着温度的升高而线性增大,表明粒子的扩散能力随温度的升高逐渐增强.     

老年人和残疾人居住环境色彩的研究

针对居住环境中色彩对老年人、残废人心理的影响，我国的地城特点，在调研了我国老年人、残废人的需求之后，对他们居住环境色彩进行了探讨。     

论中国传统色彩在现代包装中的审美意义

阐述了中国传统色彩元素的历史渊源及文化内涵,体现出整个民族的审美特征和审美意识。通过对中国传统色彩元素在现代包装中运用的若干经典案例的分析,论述了由现代包装的商品市场化行为,从而大力宣扬、传播中国传统文化。进而论述了正确对待和恰当运用中国传统色彩对中国现代包装的积极意义,通过传统色彩与现代包装的完美结合,创造出既符合中国人的审美品位,又具有时代感,能够得到现代社会认同的优秀作品。