A modified model reference adaptive control with application to MEMS gyroscope

Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are increasingly being used in measurement and control problems due to their small size, low cost, and low power consumption. The vibrating gyroscope is a MEMS device that will have a significant impact on stability control systems in the transportation industry. This paper investigates the application of a modified model reference adaptive control for MEMS gyroscope. Using this adaptive control algorithm, an estimation of the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients in real time is easily computable. Changing the conventional model reference input makes it feasible to utilize a low pass filter to remove unwanted oscillations caused by high adaptation gain. This new adaptive control technique enables quick compensation for large changes in the system dynamics, providing consistent estimation of gyroscope parameters including angular velocity and large robustness to parameter variations and external disturbances. The asymptotic stability of the mentioned adaptive controller is guaranteed using the Lyapunov direct method. Numerical simulation is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Robust adaptive control for a MEMS vibratory gyroscope

This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode controller for a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory z-axis gyroscope. The proposed adaptive sliding mode controller can real-time estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients. The stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed with the proposed adaptive sliding mode control strategy. The numerical simulation for MEMS gyroscope is investigated to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It is shown that the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme offers several advantages such as real-time estimation of gyroscope parameters and large robustness to parameter variations and external disturbance.     

Robust tracking control of triaxial angular velocity sensors using adaptive sliding mode approach

This paper presents a robust tracking control strategy using an adaptive sliding mode approach for MEMS triaxial angular sensor device that is able to detect rotation in three orthogonal axes, using a single vibrating mass. An adaptive sliding mode controller with proportional and integral sliding surface is developed and the stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed with the proposed adaptive sliding mode control strategy. The proposed adaptive sliding mode controller updates estimates of all stiffness errors, damping, and input rotation parameters in real time, removing the need for any offline calibration stages. To enable all unknown parameter estimates to converge to their true values, the necessary model trajectory is shown to be a three-dimensional Lissajous pattern. The numerical simulation for a MEMS triaxial angular velocity sensor is investigated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme.     

A novel adaptive sliding mode control with application to MEMS gyroscope

This paper presents a new adaptive sliding mode controller for MEMS gyroscope; an adaptive tracking controller with a proportional and integral sliding surface is proposed. The adaptive sliding mode control algorithm can estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients in real time. A proportional and integral sliding surface, instead of a conventional sliding surface is adopted. An adaptive sliding mode controller that incorporates both matched and unmatched uncertainties and disturbances is derived and the stability of the closed-loop system is established. The numerical simulation is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It is shown that the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme offers several advantages such as the consistent estimation of gyroscope parameters including angular velocity and large robustness to parameter variations and external disturbances.     

Controller designs for constant cutting force turning machine control

A simulation study of a constant cutting force metal turning process is investigated. The process is a challenging control problem due to its nonlinear and time varying dynamics. Simulated implementations of PID, adaptive and non-adaptive sliding mode and model reference adaptive controllers were developed. Tests of the closed loop systems were performed for a range of cutting conditions including specific machined part contours that are presented here to verify the force tracking capability and flexibility of each control scheme. Results indicate that careful design and use of a fixed-gain sliding mode controller with output feedback can give roughly equivalent performance to that of more complex adaptive controllers.     

MEMS gyroscope control using a novel compound robust control

This paper proposes a new compound fractional order integral terminal sliding mode control (FOITSMC) and proportional-derivative control (PD-FOITSMC) for the control of a MEMS gyroscope. In order to improve the robustness of the conventional integral terminal sliding mode control (ITSMC), a fractional integral terminal sliding mode surface is applied. The chattering problem in FOITSMC, which is usually generated by the excitation of fast un-modelled dynamic is the main drawback. A PD controller is employed in order to eliminate chattering phenomenon. The stability of the PD-FOITSMC is proved by Lyapunov theory. The performance of the proposed control method is compared with two other controllers such as ITSMC and FOITSMC. Numerical simulations clearly verified the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.     

双质量块调谐输出式硅MEMS陀螺仪

硅MEMS陀螺仪成本低、体积小、功耗低,是微小型无人系统及制导武器的核心惯性器件,本文提出一种双质量块调谐输出式硅MEMS陀螺仪,采用两块反相、同频、等幅振动质量块作为敏感单元,通过测量谐振器谐振频率变化来计算转速的大小,通过动力学分析,推导了哥氏力与输入转速的传递函数,用瑞利－里茨法求得在轴向力作用下梁的固有频率方程,利用马蒂厄方程分析了双端音叉谐振器的运动数学表达式及陀螺仪标度因数方程。最后利用ANSYS有限元软件对谐振器进行了稳定性及有预载荷的模态分析,验证了理论推导的正确性。该陀螺仪通过端部支撑结构将两质量块的振动能量相互抵消,减少了振动噪声及能量损耗,利用杠杆反相差分效应,消除了外界加速度引起的误差。     

基于模型参考的主动空气悬架模糊自适应滑模控制

针对主动空气悬架这种时变、非线性复杂系统,以空气悬架客车1/4模型为控制对象,提出了模糊自适应滑模控制策略(FASMC),其中模糊自适应系统用来处理空气悬架系统的非线性和参数不确定性,并以最优控制的理想空气悬架作为参考模型。仿真试验表明,所提出的控制器能够有效降低车身振动幅度、提高车辆的可操纵性。     

Integral backstepping sliding mode control for underactuated systems: Swing-up and stabilization of the Cart–Pendulum System

In this paper an integral backstepping sliding mode controller is proposed for controlling underactuated systems. A feedback control law is designed based on backstepping algorithm and a sliding surface is introduced in the final stage of the algorithm. The backstepping algorithm makes the controller immune to matched and mismatched uncertainties and the sliding mode control provides robustness. The proposed controller ensures asymptotic stability. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared against a coupled sliding mode controller for swing-up and stabilization of the Cart–Pendulum System. Simulation results show that the proposed integral backstepping sliding mode controller is able to reject both matched and mismatched uncertainties with a chattering free control law, while utilizing less control effort than the sliding mode controller.     

Parameter estimation and interval type-2 fuzzy sliding mode control of a z-axis MEMS gyroscope

This paper reports a hybrid intelligent controller for application in single axis MEMS vibratory gyroscopes. First, unknown parameters of a micro gyroscope including unknown time varying angular velocity are estimated online via normalized continuous time least mean squares algorithm. Then, an additional interval type-2 fuzzy sliding mode control is incorporated in order to match the resonant frequencies and to compensate for undesired mechanical couplings. The main advantage of this control strategy is its robustness to parameters uncertainty, external disturbance and measurement noise. Consistent estimation of parameters is guaranteed and stability of the closed-loop system is proved via the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, numerical simulation is done in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, both for a constant and time-varying angular rate.     

A novel body frame based approach to aerospacecraft attitude tracking

In the common practice of designing an attitude tracker for an aerospacecraft, one transforms the Newton-Euler rotation equations to obtain the dynamic equations of some chosen inertial frame based attitude metrics, such as Euler angles and unit quaternions. A Lyapunov approach is then used to design a controller which ensures asymptotic convergence of the attitude to the desired orientation. Although this design methodology is pretty standard, it usually involves singularity-prone coordinate transformations which complicates the analysis process and controller design. A new, singularity free error feedback method is proposed in the paper to provide simple and intuitive stability analysis and controller synthesis. This new body frame based method utilizes the concept of Euleraxis and angles to generate the smallest error angles from a body frame perspective, without coordinate transformations. Global tracking convergence is illustrated with the use of a feedback linearizing PD tracker, a sliding mode controller, and a model reference adaptive controller. Experimental results are also obtained on a quadrotor platform with unknown system parameters and disturbances, using a boundary layer approximated sliding mode controller, a PIDD controller, and a unit sliding mode controller. Significant tracking quality is attained.     

RBF神经滑模控制在永磁直线同步电机的应用研究

给出了神经网络学习算法和神经滑模控制器的具体设计思路,将滑模控制器的切换函数作为神经网络输入,以滑模控制器为网络输出,从而实现神经网络学习能力和滑模控制自适应切换能力有效结合,将神经滑模控制器应用于永磁直线同步电机伺服系统,通过仿真说明了其良好的跟踪特性和低速平稳性。     

电液伺服系统RBF神经网络滑模控制

针对阀控液压缸位置伺服系统非线性导致模型参数确定困难及干扰问题，在分析三阶位置控制的电液控制系统原理及模型的基础上，引入神经网络的RBF 径向基控制模型和自适应滑模算法，同时考虑了非1负反馈参数，建立了基于RBF 神经网络滑模控制的电液伺服控制系统数学模型。通过选取合适的Lyapunov 函数，分析了系统稳定性，解决了参数未定及挠动情况下的电液伺服系统控制器设计问题。仿真结果证明，所设计的控制器使系统的输出对给定信号的跟踪精度高，响应快，具有较强的鲁棒性。     

多关节机器人反馈线性化双模糊滑模控制

为了提高多关节机器人轨迹跟踪控制性能,提出了一种反馈线性化双模糊滑模控制方法。该方法在对机器人非线性动力学模型反馈线性化的基础上,设计了一种双模糊滑模控制器。通过设计一个模糊控制器,根据跟踪误差和误差变化率自适应地调整滑模面的斜率,从而加快响应速度。通过设计另一个模糊控制器,根据滑模面自适应地调整滑模控制的切换控制部分,从而减弱抖振。利用李亚普诺夫定理证明了控制系统的稳定性。针对空间三关节机器人进行了仿真实验,结果表明了所提方法的有效性。     

四旋翼飞行器的自适应鲁棒滑模控制器设计

针对四旋翼欠驱动系统的姿态控制问题,提出一种自适应鲁棒滑模控制方法。对四旋翼系统实现了双环控制,内环为姿态控制,外环为位置控制。根据牛顿-欧拉方程建立了四旋翼系统的动力学模型,针对系统中的外部扰动和参数摄动等不确定性因素,设计了基于Lyapunov稳定控制算法,内环使用自适应鲁棒滑模控制;外环使用鲁棒控制。仿真和实验表明所提控制策略对外界扰动和模型的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性。     

防抱制动系统参数自适应滑模变结构控制器的研究

首先针对具有参数不确定性的二阶非线性系统提出了自适应滑模变结构的控制算法 ,该算法的基本思想是用自适应策略来估计不确定系统的参数 ,根据估计出的参数值 ,来设计滑模控制器 ,优点是无须事先已知不确定参数的边界 ,并且由于在自适应变结构控制采用了消颤措施 (增加了消颤项 ) ,能削弱常规滑模控制所引起的颤振现象 ,也能提高单纯的自适应控制的鲁棒性能。而后将这一控制策略应用于防抱死制动系统 (ABS)的研究中 ,设计了防抱死制动系统的自适应滑模变结构控制器 ,通过计算机仿真 ,验证了该控制方案在 ABS应用中的可行性和有效性     

环形波动陀螺结构设计与仿真

基于 MEMS 技术,提出了一种环形波动陀螺结构并建立了谐振子的有限元模型。利用 ANSYS软件对谐振子进行了模态分析,确定了各阶振型和固有频率。通过分析谐振子结构参数对振型和频率的影响,得到了谐振子的优化设计参数,优化后其工作频率与其他振型频率的差大于1 kHz,有效避免工作模态与其他模态间的频率耦合。经仿真验证,设计的环形结构的性能参数满足要求,具有明显的优越性。     

神经滑模控制在转台伺服系统应用

以直流电机为执行机构,分析了飞行仿真转台伺服系统的数学模型。滑模控制具有对系统扰动和参数摄动的自适应性,可实现伺服系统的快速响应,同时有效克服低速状态下摩擦力矩的影响。系统抖振问题是滑模控制的突出问题,利用径向基神经网络的非线性逼近能力,给出以切换函数为网络输入,以滑模控制器为网络输出,构建了神经滑模控制器,软件仿真结果表明所设计的滑模控制器能达到较好的控制品质,有效的克服系统抖振和外部扰动,实现系统低速摩擦补偿。     

Semi-active Sliding Mode Control of Vehicle Suspension with Magneto-rheological Damper

The vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-rheological damper(MRD) has been a hot topic since this decade, in which the robust control synthesis considering load variation is a challenging task. In this paper, a new semi-active controller based upon the inverse model and sliding mode control(SMC) strategies is proposed for the quarter-vehicle suspension with the magneto-rheological(MR) damper, wherein an ideal skyhook suspension is employed as the control reference model and the vehicle sprung mass is considered as an uncertain parameter. According to the asymptotical stability of SMC, the dynamic errors between the plant and reference systems are used to derive the control damping force acquired by the MR quarter-vehicle suspension system. The proposed modified Bouc-wen hysteretic force-velocity(F-v) model and its inverse model of MR damper, as well as the proposed continuous modulation(CM) filtering algorithm without phase shift are employed to convert the control damping force into the direct drive current of the MR damper. Moreover, the proposed semi-active sliding mode controller(SSMC)-based MR quarter-vehicle suspension is systematically evaluated through comparing the time and frequency domain responses of the sprung and unsprung mass displacement accelerations, suspension travel and the tire dynamic force with those of the passive quarter-vehicle suspension, under three kinds of varied amplitude harmonic, rounded pulse and real-road measured random excitations. The evaluation results illustrate that the proposed SSMC can greatly suppress the vehicle suspension vibration due to uncertainty of the load, and thus improve the ride comfort and handling safety. The study establishes a solid theoretical foundation as the universal control scheme for the adaptive semi-active control of the MR full-vehicle suspension decoupled into four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems.     

Development of an adaptive radial basis function neural network estimator-based continuous sliding mode control for uncertain nonlinear systems

In this paper an adaptive neural network (NN)-based nonlinear controller is proposed for trajectory tracking of uncertain nonlinear systems. The adopted control algorithm combines a continuous second-order sliding mode control (CSOSMC), the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and the adaptive control methodology. First, a second-order sliding mode control scheme (SOSMC), which is published recently in literature for linear uncertain systems, is extended for nonlinear uncertain systems. Second, an adaptive radial basis function neural network estimator-based continuous second order sliding mode control algorithm (CSOSMC-ANNE) is adopted. In CSOSMC-ANNE control methodology, a radial basis function neural network with adaptive parameters is exploited to approximate the unknown system parameters and improve performance against perturbations. Also, the discontinuous switching control of SOSMC is supplanted with a smooth continuous control action to completely eliminate the chattering phenomenon. The convergence and global stability of the closed-loop system are proved using Lyapunov stability method. Numerical computer simulations, with dynamical model of the nonlinear inverted pendulum system, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the presented control scheme.