基于LBP/C纹理分析的立体匹配算法

针对传统方法难以可靠估计图像中纹理单一区域像素点视差的问题,将纹理分析应用于立体匹配中,提出图像分块整体匹配的方法。首先用LBP/C纹理分析方法对图像纹理进行描述;然后进行基于区域生长的扩张检测,得到纹理单一图像块;最后对图像块进行整体匹配,得到纹理单一区域的稠密视差图。对国际标准图像进行测试,结果表明该算法能提高纹理单一区域稠密视差图的精度,具有实用价值。     

基于纹理和草图的图像铅笔画绘制

针对目前铅笔画生成方法中的线条不够灵活、纹理缺少方向感的问题,提出了一种基于带方向的纹理和线条草图将一幅图像转换为铅笔画风格的方法。首先,对输入图像进行直方图匹配得到图像的色调图,并将图像分割为多个区域,对每个区域,根据其颜色和形状计算其色调和方向,以此决定铅笔纹理的色调和方向;然后,通过可调整的线性卷积方法得到铅笔画的线条草图;最后,将纹理和草图结合得到铅笔画效果。运用提出的方法对不同类型的自然图像进行了铅笔画的转换,并与已有的线卷积积分方法和基于色调的方法进行了对比。实验结果表明带方向的区域纹理能更好地模拟手工铅笔画纹理的方向,可调整的线条能够更好地模拟手工铅笔画的线条的随意性和灵活性。     

数学形态学的纹理图像分割方法

一幅图像往往包含许多区域,但在对图像的理解和分析时,往往只需要其中的某个部分。因此,为方便使用常需要对目标区域进行提取。从目标区域的整体纹理特征出发,根据纹理特征的不同多次使用数学形态学的基本运算,从而达到图像区域分割的方法。该方法通过一幅具有多种纹理图案的图像为例验证了方法的可行性和有效性。运用canny算子对该图像进行边缘检测,从检测的结果可看出,该方法优于基于边缘检测的图像分割方法。     

基于商空间的纹理图像分割

商空间理论是新近兴起的基于人工智能研究领域的一个很有潜力的方向。文中将商空间理论应用于纹理图像的分析，通过对纹理的区域结构特征分析研究，提出基于象素8-邻域周期排列的纹理区域特征，并对结构性多纹理图像进行了分割实验，效果令人满意。文章总结了运用商空间理论求解复杂问题一般过程，说明了该理论在实际应用中的重要价值。     

数学形态学的纹理图像分割方法

一幅图像往往包含许多区域,但在对图像的理解和分析时,往往只需要其中的某个部分.因此,为方便使用常需要对目标区域进行提取.从目标区域的整体纹理特征出发,根据纹理特征的不同多次使用数学形态学的基本运算,从而达到图像区域分割的方法.该方法通过一幅具有多种纹理图案的图像为例验证了方法的可行性和有效性.运用canny算子对该图像进行边缘检测,从检测的结果可看出,该方法优于基于边缘检测的图像分割方法.     

基于局部多项式的自适应图像放大

为了弥补传统图像放大算法的锯齿效应,统计分析了图像像素变化特点,将图像分成平滑、纹理和边缘,对平滑和纹理区根据其局部区域的同态性,提出了基于局部多项式逼近的图像放大：运用置信区间交集法则将图像分割为若干同态区域;对区域分别进行多项式拟合,并对拟合函数进行过采样实现区域放大;运用局部平滑消除边缘锯齿效应。实验结果表明,该算法充分利用了图像的结构信息,相比于传统的插值放大算法和已有局部自适应插值算法提高了图像的视觉效果与适用性。     

多尺度融合的立体匹配算法

针对局部立体匹配方法存在的匹配窗口大小选择困难、弱纹理或高光区域立体匹配精度较低等问题,文中结合卷积神经网络(CNN)与图像金字塔方法,提出多尺度融合的立体匹配算法.训练CNN,用于自动学习待匹配图像对的图像特征,完成匹配代价计算.构建图像金字塔,对待匹配图像对进行多尺度表达.构建弱纹理区域模板,将各层待匹配图像划分为弱纹理区域和丰富纹理区域,将弱纹理区域图像变换成小尺度图像进行匹配度计算,降低弱纹理图像的误匹配率.在变换回大尺度图像时与丰富纹理区域匹配结果融合,保持匹配精度.在KITTI 数据集上的实验表明,文中算法具有较好的图像匹配效果.     

基于DCT域视觉的场馆监控图像显著区域检测

针对传统图像显著区域的目标运动检测能力不足,提出一种基于DCT域视觉的图像显著区域检测方法.以MCU为基本单位将监控图像分割成图块,利用DCT系数对颜色、亮度、纹理等特征向量进行提取计算得到全局对比度,运用最大类间方差法计算阈值将图像分割,获得视觉显著区域.同时,以全局背景判断图像中的注视区范围、注视点位置,计算注视点...     

多元纹理图像构造方法及应用

多元图像分析方法在图像展开阶段会丢失像素间空间关联关系,导致其对图像纹理特征的分析能力不足.针对此问题,本文提出了一种基于图像纹理特征的多元图像构造方法,并应用于图像分割.首先,结合滑动窗口法和灰度共生矩阵求取图像各通道的纹理特征影像,叠加纹理特征影像构造多元图像.然后,应用多元图像分析方法对所得多元图像进行分析,分割出感兴趣区域.最后,利用分割结果构造决策树模型,以完成对同类感兴趣区域的分割.在图像数据集上进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,本文所提方法的均交并比(MIoU)与同类方法相比有10%左右的提升.     

基于K均值聚类分割彩色图像算法的改进

基于人类视觉将图像分割成若干个有意义的区域是目标检测和模式识别的基础.应用K均值聚类算法对图像进行分析,分析了图像的空间、色彩以及纹理特征对聚类效果的影响,针对K均值算法的存在的过分割问题提出了一种修正方法,先基于空间、颜色和纹理特征分割图像,再基于色彩及纹理特征进行合并,解决了K均值聚类产生的过分割问题,并在区域合并时引入修正函数,抑制了图像中因场景明暗变化而产生的斑点.实验结果表明提出的聚类算法对图像分割效果有明显提高.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.