磁选粉煤灰对CFRC压敏性的影响

改善碳纤维增强水泥(CFRC)的压敏性有助于提高其感知应力应变的能力。采用两电极法研究了磁选粉煤灰部分取代水泥对CFRC压敏性的影响,分析了磁选粉煤灰掺量、铁氧化物含量等因素影响CFRC压敏性的规律及机理。结果表明,碳纤维质量掺量≤0.8%时,用铁氧化物含量达到30%的磁选粉煤灰取代20%～30%的水泥来制备CFRC时可以显著改善CFRC的压敏性;碳纤维质量掺量为1.2%时,掺加磁选粉煤灰不利于提高CFRC的压敏性;磁选粉煤灰对采用最大长度为3和5mm的碳纤维制备的CFRC的压敏性具有显著改善效果。掺加适量磁选粉煤灰使CFRC在碳纤维掺量较低时仍然可以获得良好压敏性,并显著降低CFRC的制备成本。     

掺入碳纳米管提高聚苯乙炔的导电性研究

用AlCl3作催化剂制备了聚苯乙炔（PPA），采用共混法制备了碳纳米管（CNTs）与PPA的复合材料，并进行了导电性能测试，结果表明，当CNTs含量增加时，复合材料的电导率升高，CNTs含量为3%时是复合材料导电的临界浓度，当CNTs含量达25%时复合材料达极限电导率，比纯的PPA的电导率提高了13个数量级。CNTs/PPA复合材料的导电机理符合导电通道理论。     

掺工业废弃料导电砂浆电阻率稳定性研究

选取工业废弃料钢屑、钢渣和铁砂,混合掺入砂浆中制备得到绿色环保低成本的导电砂浆,分别测定其电阻率随龄期以及加载电压(5~40 V)的变化规律。试验结果表明：导电砂浆电阻率随着导电材料掺量的增加而降低,养护28 d 后最低电阻率达到24.97Ω·m;随着加载电压的增大,试件电阻率不断降低,40 V 电压下电阻率比5 V电压加载下降低了27%;随着龄期的增加,试件内部水分不断流失,试件电阻率不断增大,但在空气中放置28 d 后变化趋于平缓。     

纳米炭黑水泥砂浆的导电性与电热特性研究

研究了纳米炭黑水泥砂浆的导电性和电热特性.研究表明,当炭黑掺量＜2.5%时,随着炭黑掺量的增加,电阻率下降明显;炭黑掺量为2.5%时,炭黑水泥砂浆电阻率可达到102Ω·cm;而炭黑掺量＞2.5%时,电阻率下降趋缓.在炭黑掺量为5%左右电阻率基本不变,电阻率在30～40Ω·cm之间.与石墨粉相比,纳米炭黑做导电相只需较小掺量,就可制备满足电热功能应用的导电混凝土.当炭黑掺量＞1%时,龄期对电阻率影响小,其电阻比较稳定.炭黑水泥砂浆板电功率稳定、电热功能重复性好.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Ba1-xSrxCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ的制备与性能研究

采用固相法合成Ba1-x Srx Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ(x=0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4)阴极材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和微观形貌进行了表征。XRD测试结果表明Ba1-x Srx Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ样品经1000℃,烧结10 h后形成了立方钙钛矿结构。从样品的电镜照片看出样品具有均匀的孔隙率,电解质(Ce0.85Sm0.15O1.925)-阴极(Ba1-x Srx Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ)之间的界面结合良好。电化学交流阻抗测试结果表明Ba1-x Srx Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ中掺入Sr可以明显地降低阴极的极化电阻,随着Sr含量的增多,阴极的界面极化电阻(RP)先减少后增大,当Sr的含量x为0.2时Rp值最小。以Ce0.85Sm0.15O1.925(SDC)电解质为支撑体,Ni0.9Cu0.1-SDC为阳极,Ba0.8Sr0.2Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ为阴极的单电池的最大功率密度在600℃时达到155 mW/cm2。实验结果表明Ba0.8Sr0.2Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ材料是一种电化学性能较为优良的中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料。     

SmAl1-xZnxO3-δ的合成、结构和离子导电性

采用固相反应法合成了具有四方钙钛矿结构的混合氧离子导体SmAl1-xZnxO3-δ(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.1).通过直流四引线法对样品的电导率与温度和氧分压的关系进行了测量.结果表明,Zn2 掺杂显著提高了样品的电导率,与未掺杂的SmAlO3相比,其电导率提高了3～4个数量级.在所有样品中,SmAl0.95Zn0.05O3-δ的电导率最高,800℃时为3.5×10-1S/m,活化能为0.43eV.在973～1273K范围内,SmAl0.95Zn0 05O3-δ是一个氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,但氧离子迁移数(ti)大于0.8,以离子导电为主.随着温度的下降,样品的氧离子迁移数逐渐增加.     

脱硫石膏对大掺量粉煤灰-矿渣粉干混砂浆性能的影响

针对大掺量粉煤灰、矿渣粉导致干混砂浆早期强度和后期强度较低的问题,研究脱硫石膏对该干混砂浆性能的影响;采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及孔结构分析等手段进行微观机理讨论。结果表明,在大掺量粉煤灰矿粉干混砂浆中掺加占胶凝材料总质量6%～8%的脱硫石膏,对和易性无不良影响,并可显著提高浆体的抗压强度及拉伸粘结强度,收缩率降低10%以上,并改善抗碳化能力,使砂浆体积更稳定;脱硫石膏对粉煤灰及矿渣粉起到激发硫酸盐和碱性的双重作用,并在一定程度上促进水泥水化;胶凝材料的水化产物改善砂浆浆体内部结构,使砂浆浆体中的孔隙大大减少。     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Ln0.6Sr0.4Fe1-xCoxO3-δ的合成和性能表征

采用固相反应法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Lno.6Sro.4Fe1-xCoxO3-δ(Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm和Gd)粉体.对其进行结晶学表征,分析氧含量和失重与温度的关系,并研究了其电导率随温度的变化规律及其与Ceo.8Gd0.2O1.9(CGO)电解质的化学相容性.实验表明,600～800°C,所有样品的电导率均高于100 S/cm,其中Ndo.6Sro.4Coo 8Feo.2O3-δ的电导率高达600 S/cm,并且与CGO电解质都具有良好的化学相容性.     

(Pr1-xNdx)0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ体系双稀土阴极材料的氧化学扩散系数及电学性能的研究

采用固相反应法合成了(Pr1-xNdx)0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8)钙钛矿氧化物系样品,采用XRD分析物相结构,采用XPS分析化学状态,用电导弛豫法研究了(Pr1-xNdx)0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ系样品的氧化学扩散性能.实验结果表明,(Pr1-...     

磁控溅射制备纳米TiO2薄膜导电性的研究

研究了在纳米厚度范围内,TiO₂薄膜的导电性与薄膜厚度和基底材料的关系.利用射频磁控溅射方法,使用高纯Ti(99.99％)靶,通入Ar和O₂的混合气体,制备了TiO₂薄膜,薄膜膜厚15～225nm.在室温下测量了不同厚度TiO₂薄膜的电阻率,发现TiO₂薄膜的导电性,先后在导体、半导体和绝缘体范围变化.这归因于基底材料与TiO₂的功函数不同,导致了界面电子的转移,功函数差决定了电子转移的深度.     

Strategies of using fly ash and their effect on properties of cement mortar

Abstract

Three different ways of using fly ash, namely, partial replacement of cement, or sand, or both cement and sand in the cement mortar, were studied in this investigation. The replacement varied from 10 percent to 60 percent by weight. The effects of design parameters such as water‐cement ratio and curing temperature on the replacements were studied. In this paper, strategies of using fly ash in concrete construction were also proposed in order to conserve resources.     

Research on the influence of the fly ash on the concrete carbonation

The influence of fly ash on the fresh properties, mechanical properties and carbonation properties were studied in this paper. The performance of a kind of curing agent which was applied to the hardened concrete surface was evaluated. Incorporating large volume of fly ash will risk the concrete carbonation. And the curing agent could prevent the concrete carbonation. And the mechanism was explained.     

Preparation of well-defined blackberry-like polypyrrole/fly ash composite microspheres and their electrical conductivity and magnetic properties

Composites consisting of conducting polypyrrole (PPy) and fly ash (FA) or amino-functionalized fly ash (A-FA) were prepared by the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method, respectively. The surface functionalization of fly ash (FA) with amino groups was found to play an important role in the formation of the well-defined blackberry morphology. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the well-defined blackberry-like morphology of the polypyrrole/amino-functionalized fly ash (PPy/A-FA) composites with size range of 0.3–5 μm and the surface of the composites became smoother with more A-FA charged in the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the PPy/A-FA composites showed the similar patterns as FA, which revealed that the crystal structure of FA was well-maintained after the surface functionalization and the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal stability of PPy/A-FA composites was enhanced and this could be attributed to the retardation effect of amine-functionalized fly ashes as barriers for the degradation of polypyrrole. The composites possess high electrical conductivity at room temperature, weak temperature dependence of the conductivity and good magnetic properties.     

改性粉煤灰作橡胶填料的研究

以鸡西发电厂粉煤灰为原料对粉煤灰进行表面改性。从表面改性剂、粉煤灰的粒度、粉煤灰的填加量等几个方面的因素，来探讨改性粉煤灰对橡胶补强性能的影响。实验表明，表面改性后的粉煤灰对橡胶具有较好的补强作用，可替代部分炭黑，可以减少碳黑的用量，降低橡胶的成本，并减少粉煤灰对环境的污染。     

Characterization of the high-calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar with hot-weather curing systems for sustainable application

Fly ash geopolymers are an alumino-silicate material and thus enable the utilization of waste containing alumino-silicate effectively. Geopolymeric reaction occurs as a result of the activation of fly ash with alkali solutions. In Thailand, a large amount of high-calcium fly ash is available due to the use of low-grade lignite coal feedstock for pulverized coal combustion process and the calcium content becomes very high. In this study, heat curing at 35 °C as a representative of a high ambient temperature (hot weather) and low cost was investigated. Curing at temperature of 65 °C and room temperature of 25 °C were also conducted to compare the results. Geopolymeric products were tested for compressive strength and characterized by XRD, IR, SEM and TGA techniques. The results showed that heat curing enhanced the geopolymerization resulting in the formation of network product. Heat curings at 35 °C and 65 °C led to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and alumino-silicate (geopolymer bonding). Without heat curing, the product was predominantly C-S-H compound and the matrix was as strong as the heat-cured product. The immersion of samples in 3% sulfuric acid solution revealed that the performance of the heat-cured samples were better than those cured at room temperature. In addition, application of research results was to produce the geopolymer brick with outdoor heat exposure of 35 °C. Pedestrian pathway was demonstrated.     

粉煤灰陶粒在污水处理中的应用进展

粉煤灰陶粒是由粉煤灰为主要原料，掺加少量粘结剂和固体燃料，经混合、成球、高温焙烧而成。由于其比表面积大、表面能高，且内部存在着铝、硅氧化物等活性点，具有良好的吸附性能，并且易于再生，便于重复利用，因此粉煤灰陶粒是一种廉价的吸附剂。综述了粉煤灰陶粒用作水处理滤料以及其在含金属离子的废水、腐殖废水、含磷废水、含氟废水、含油废水处理中的应用，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Effect of granite flour proportion on the strength properties of geopolymer mortar based on fly ash

Given global trends and challenges, the development of binders for the production of geopolymer concretes has become a topical area of building science. The purpose of this study is to determine whether granite can replace traditional construction aggregate, such as river sand, during geopolymer production, as well as to demonstrate the effect of the proportion of granite flour on the strength properties of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar. A combination of granite flour, quartz sand, and fly ash in various proportions was used as an aluminosilicate precursor. The scope of the study includes density measurements, compressive and flexural strength tests, abrasion by the Boehme method, and microstructural observations. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that granite can be successfully used as a replacement for quartz sand during the production of fly ash-based geopolymers. Moreover, the addition of granite makes it possible to improve the strength properties of geopolymers, compared to a geopolymer composite containing quartz sand.     

Shrinkage characteristics of alkali-activated fly ash/slag paste and mortar at early ages

The purpose of this study is to investigate the shrinkage characteristics of alkali-activated fly ash/slag (henceforth simply AFS) and the factors affecting it. A series of tests were conducted to determine the chemical shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage. The microstructures and reaction products were also characterized through XRD and SEM/EDS analyses. An increase in the slag content from 10% to 30% resulted in a denser matrix and showed a higher Ca/Si ratio of C–N–A–S–H in the microstructure. Higher sodium silicate and slag contents in a mixture caused more chemical, autogenous, and drying shrinkage, but led to a higher compressive strength. From the test results, it can be concluded that the autogenous shrinkage of AFS mortar occurs mainly due to self-desiccation in hardened state rather than volume contraction by chemical shrinkage in fresh state. The AFS paste showed higher drying shrinkage than ordinary Portland cement (OPC), which may be caused by the higher mesopore volume of the AFS paste compared to that of OPC paste.     

碳纳米管对微胶囊铜复合浆料导电性能的影响

为提高铜浆料的导电性能,利用微胶囊技术对铜粉表面做改性处理,添加碳纳米管为导电增强相,制备碳纳米管-微胶囊铜复合浆料。利用四探针测试仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 等研究了微胶囊铜粉的抗氧化性能及碳纳米管的参数、添加量对铜浆料导电性能的影响,分析其导电机理并建立导电相连接模型。研究结果表明:微胶囊化的铜粉具有较好的抗氧化性和导电性。当碳纳米管与铜粉的质量比为4∶[KG-2mm]96时,采用管径1~2 nm,长度5~30 nm的碳纳米管制备的复合浆料的电阻率达到最小值6.05 mΩ·cm,与纯铜浆料相比降低了89.39%。以碳纳米管-铜复合浆料与铜浆料分别制得导电膜,两者相比,前者更平坦、更致密,导电相间的接触更紧密,大量的碳纳米管覆盖在铜粉颗粒表面或填充铜粉颗粒间隙,同时碳纳米管之间相互“吸引”,形成致密的网状结构,在铜粉颗粒之间建立起大量的导电“桥梁”,从而改善了复合浆料的导电性能。